1、第五节 非谓语动词,精华考点百度,考点一 非谓语动词作状语,1(2011年高考天津卷)_into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ATranslating BTranslated CTo translate DHaving translated,解析:选B。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:被译成英语后,我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致,本句中的主语the sentence与translate间为逻辑上的被动关系,故排除A、C、D三
2、项,只有B项表示被动,故为答案。,2(2011年高考北京卷)Sit down,Emma.You will only make yourself more tired,_ on your feet. Ato keep Bkeeping Chaving kept Dto have kept 解析:选B。本题考查非谓语动词。句意:坐下,Emma。站着只会让你更加劳累。逻辑主语you与keep之间为主动关系,所以选择B项,现在分词作伴随状语。A、D两项为不定式,通常表示目的,所以排除;C项为现在分词的完成式,不表示伴随,故排除。,3(2011年高考上海卷)At one point I made up
3、my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind,_that he could do nothing to help. Ato realize Brealized Crealizing Dbeing realized 解析:选C。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:我曾经下决心要和山姆叔叔谈谈,可后来我改变了想法,意识到他根本帮不上忙。空格处非谓语动词和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系,可排除表被动的B和D两项;A项不定式通常表目的,在此不符合语境,也被排除。此题中用现在分词作伴随状语,表原因。,4(2011年高考四川卷)Simon made a big
4、bamboo box_the little sick bird till it could fly. Akeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep 解析:选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:西蒙做了一个大的竹盒子,用来装那只生病的小鸟,直到它能飞翔。从语境看,这里用不定式作目的状语,因此选D。,5(2011年高考陕西卷)More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. Amaking Bmade Cto make Dhaving m
5、ade,解析:选A。本题考查非谓语动词。句意:中国又建了很多公路,这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。空格处非谓语动词逻辑上的主语是逗号前面的内容,和非谓语动词之间是主动关系,可排除B项;C项为动词不定式,通常表示目的,表出乎意料的结果时前面通常加only或never,所以排除C项;make表达的动作并非发生在谓语动作之前,不用完成形式,故排除D,选A,making it much easier for people to travel.which makes it much easier for people to travel.。,1不定式作状语 不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句,不定式作状语时
6、往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。 (1)不定式用来作目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,这里往往译作“为了,想要”。,(2010年高考江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting to be discovered. 很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。 Why are the students working so hard these days? To get ready for the coming entrance examination. 这些天学生们为什么那么努力学习呢? 为了准备
7、即将来临的入学考试。,(2)不定式用于so.as to.;such.as to;enough to;too.to;only to等结构中作结果状语。 Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 你能不能行行好,借给我你的自行车? He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others. 他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。 He hurried to the booking office only to have been told al
8、l the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。,【温馨提示】 “onlyto do”表示出乎意料的结果,tell和主语He 之间存在动宾关系,因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 A powerful earthquake struck Japan,leaving tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins. 日本发生了强烈地震,造成了成千上万的人无家可归和被埋在废墟中。,2现在分词作状语 (1)动词的ing短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行
9、的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 (2010年高考江西卷)The lady walked around the shops,keeping an eye out for bargains. 这位女士在商店周围闲逛,注意看有没有特价商品。,My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay. 我的车被交通拥挤堵住,所以延误了。(结果) As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not movin
10、g,and asked myself what I was going to do. 当交通路灯变绿灯时,我站了一会儿,一动不动,自问要做什么事。(伴随),(2)现在分词有:一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式,每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作;被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作;完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作;完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。,Not having received a reply,he d
11、ecided to write again. 没有得到答复,他决定再写信去。 Having been scolded many times,he determined to study hard to catch up with others. 多次被批评之后,他决定努力学习赶上他人。 3过去分词作状语 (1)过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。,(2009年高考江西卷)Given the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day
12、grow into international stars. 如果得到正确的训练,这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。 (2009年高考福建卷)Reminded not to miss the flight at 1520,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 提醒不要错过1520的航班,他匆忙出发去了机场。,(2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,这样的词有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed
13、in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其-ing形式。 Lost in the mountains for a week,we were finally saved by the local police. 在大山里迷失一个星期,我们最终被当地警察所救。,Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room. 专心读书,他没注意到我进入房间。 4现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别:如果是意义上的主谓关系,一般用动词ing形式;如果是意义上的动宾关系,则一般用过去分词。 Seen
14、from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful. 从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系),Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系),考点二 非谓语动词作定语,1(2011年高考湖南卷)The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. Aex
15、pressing Bexpressed Cto express Dto be expressed,解析:选C。考查在特定语境中使用非谓语动词作定语的能力。句意:表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。“做某事的能力”应该表达为“the ability to do sth.”,故选C项。,2(2011年高考湖南卷)The players_from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. Aselecting Bto select Cselected Dhaving selected 解析:选C。本题考查
16、非谓语动词作定语。句意:人们期待着从全国范围内挑选出来的运动员们在今年的夏季运动会上给我们带来荣誉。select(挑选)与其逻辑主语the players之间为被动关系,故用过去分词,A、B、D三项是表示主动的非谓语动词形式,故排除。,3(2011年高考福建卷)Tsinghua University,_in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. Afound Bfounding Cfounded Dto be founded,解析:选C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:清华大学,创办于1911年,是许多杰出人物的母校。首先
17、排除found,因为found作“创办”讲时,为动词原形,不是非谓语动词;被修饰词Tsinghua University与found (创办)为被动关系,故排除B项;C项表被动且完成;D项表将来。根据题意可知C项为正确答案。founded in 1911在句中相当于非限制性定语从句which was founded in 1911。,4(2011年高考山东卷)Look over theretheres a very long,winding path_ up to the house. Aleading Bleads Cled Dto lead 解析:选A。本题考查非谓语动词用法。句意:往那看
18、有一条很长很曲折的小路通向那所房子。现在分词短语在此作后置定语,相当于定语从句which leads up to the house。leads在句中作谓语;led是lead的过去分词形式,与path构成被动关系;to lead表示将来,均不符合题意。,5(2011年高考江西卷)On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall,Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. Asays Bsaid Csaying Dto say,解析:选C。本题考查非谓语动词。句意:一接到妻子
19、的电话,说她摔了一跤,戈登先生立即从他的办公室跑回家了。say与phone call之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用saying作定语。say:give information or instructions表示(书、符号等)给出某信息或指示,又如:The book doesnt say where he was born.书上没说他是在哪里出生的。,1动词不定式作定语 动词不定式可用在被the first,the second,the last,the only和最高级等限定的名词或代词的后面作定语。 He is always the first to come and the last to
20、 leave school. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开学校的人。 (2009年高考山东卷)We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。,2现在分词作定语 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。 There are two roads before us,one leading to the beach,the other to the park. 在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。,3过去分词(短语)作定
21、语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。 (2009年高考北京卷)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm. 早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。,考点三 非谓语动词作宾补,1(2011年高考浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. Alose Blost Cto lose Dhaving lost 解析:选B。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意:甚至连最好的作家有时也发现自
22、己找不到合适的好词表达自己。(be) lost for words表示“难以用言语表达、无以应对”。,2(2011年高考重庆卷)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. Areminding Bto remind Creminded Dremind 解析:选C。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意:迈克尔把姚明的画像挂在床边,目的是提醒自己记住自己的梦想。宾语himself与remind为逻辑上的被动关系,故答案为C项。,3(2011年高考安徽卷)Tom asked
23、 the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces. Abreak Bbreaking Cbroken Dto break 解析:选D。句意:汤姆问糖果制造商他们是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。本题考查非谓语动词。beeasy/difficult/hard.后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,故答案为D项。,4(2011年高考课标全国卷)The next thing he saw was smoke _from behind the house. Arose Brising Cto ri
24、se Drisen 解析:选B。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:随后,他看见烟从房子后面冒出来。修饰smoke,故排除A项(谓语动词);逻辑主语smoke与非谓语动词间为主动关系,而且动作正在进行,故答案为B项。,1过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。 Its wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt protected with him. 和父亲一起徒步旅行很好,与他在一起有受保护的感觉。,2现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语
25、之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作,即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。,(2009年高考全国卷)They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。 (2010年高考湖南卷)Listen!Do you hear someone calling for help? 听!你听到有人正在求救吗?,考点四 非谓语动词作主语和宾语,1(2011年高考北京卷)Its important f
26、or the figures _ regularly. Ato be updated Bto have been updated Cto update Dto have updated,解析:选A。本题考查非谓语动词。句意:这些数据定期升级是很重要的。figures与update之间为被动关系,故排除C项和D项;此处表示一般性动作,故排除B项,选A项。,2(2011年高考四川卷)Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad.Her parents are old. Astudy Bstudying Cstudied Dto study 解析:选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:莉迪不想
27、出国读书,因为她的父母都老了。这里用固定搭配feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”,只有B项现在分词形式符合搭配。,3(2011年江苏启东中学摸底考试)The difficulty the couple had_their lost child was soon forgotten when they discovered her. Afound Bfind Cfinding Dto find 解析:选C。考查非谓语动词。本题中含有have difficulty (in) doing sth.结构。 这对夫妇在找到丢失的孩子后很快忘记了寻找时的困难。,4(2011年江苏南通
28、第一次调研)_Chinese culture with overseas cultures is a challenging job,but you will learn a lot from it. AComparing BCompared CHaving compared DCompare 解析:选A。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,这里缺少主语,选项中只有A项Comparing是动名词形式,可以作主语,由此选A项。,5(2011年山西省运城市模拟)The pencil is too dull.It wants_. Ato sharpen Bbeing sharpened Csharpe
29、ning Dsharpened 解析:选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:铅笔用起来很钝。它需要削尖。want表示“需要”时,后面接动名词,主动形式表被动意义或是接to be done的形式。,(2)若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。 Seeing is believing.(To see is to believe.)眼见为实。 2动词want,need,require意为“需要”时,后面跟动名词主动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。 The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered. 这些花需要浇水。,3在动词allow,a
30、dvise,forbid,permit后面直接跟动名词作宾语,如果有名词或代词作宾语,则应构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit名词/代词动词不定式(作宾语补足语)”。 We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。 We dont allow anyone to smoke here. 我们不允许有人在这里吸烟。,考点五 have,get后接三种形式作宾补,1(2011年高考陕西卷)Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. Acheck Bchecking Cto chec
31、k Dchecked 解析:选D。本题考查非谓语动词。句意:克莱尔在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。本句中luggage与check为被动关系,所以用过去分词,构成have sth.done结构。故答案为D项。,2(2010年高考辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles. Ato recognize Brecognizing Crecognize Drecognized 解析:选D。考查非谓语动词。题干中含有“get sth.done”结构,表示“使某事被做”。句意:亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。his wo
32、rk与recognize为逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用过去分词作宾补。故选D项。,3(2010年高考山东卷)I have a lot of readings_before the end of this term. Acompleting Bto complete Ccompleted Dbeing completed 解析:选B。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:本学期结束前我有许多阅读要完成。have sth.to do有某事要做,to do的逻辑主语需和主句主语一致;当不定式的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时,可用have sth.to be done结构。,4(2011年东城练习二)Every yea
33、r,Tom remembers to have some flowers_to her mother on her birthday. Asend Bsent Csending Dbeing sent 解析:选B。本题考查非谓语动词。have sth.done表示某事被做。所以选择B项。,have,get后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have,get表示“使、让、叫”之意。 1have sth.doneget sth.done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事) Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 史
34、密斯先生在度假期间,他家的房子被别人破门而入。,考点六 with用法,1(2011年山东实验中学一模)With tiny shops_all the streets,the city of Cairo arouses tourists interest in shopping here. Aline Blined with Clining Dline along,解析:选C。句意:所有街道上都小店林立,开罗城引起了游客们在此购物的兴趣。“with宾语宾补”这一结构此处表示主语所处的状态。line排列,用现在分词表主动含义;若选B项,则变为:With all the streets lined
35、with tiny shops.。,2(2011年湖北黄冈模拟)With all the novels he was interested in _,he left the library and went back to his dorm. Aborrowed Bborrowing Cto borrow Dborrow 解析:选A。句意:他感兴趣的所有小说都借到了,他离开图书馆回寝室了。首先,he was interested in是定语从句,修饰novels;这里考查的是“with名词过去分词”,borrow与all the novels是被动关系,所以用过去分词表“完成、被动”含义。,3
36、(2011年南通一模)With so many orphans_,the charity organization calls for more donations. Ato look after Bbeing looked after Cto be looked after Dlooked after 解析:选A。本题考查with短语作伴随状语的用法。句意:有如此多的孤儿需要照顾,该慈善机构呼吁更多捐款。用动词不定式的主动来表示被动意义。故选A。,1with宾语v.ing With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她
37、,她感到很紧张。 2with宾语v.ed With their work finished,they went home. 工作完成后,他们就回家了。,3with宾语不定式 With so much work to do,I cant go swimming with you. 因为有很多工作要做,我不能和你一起去游泳了。 4with宾语介词短语 The old man was walking on the street,with a ruler under his arm.那位老人在街上走着,腋下夹着一把尺子。,5with宾语形容词 Father used to sleep with the windows open.父亲过去常开着窗户睡觉。 6with宾语副词 Mother fell asleep with the light on.妈妈睡着了,灯还亮着。,