1、英译汉时，有时某些词并不能完全按照词典的基本含义翻译，如生搬硬套或逐词死译，会使译文生硬，令人费解，甚至可能造成误解。这时应当根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的基本含义出发，进一步加以适当的引申，选择比较适当的汉语词语来表达。,词义的引申,Knowing About Translation,Translation,1. 将词义抽象化英语中用表示具体形象的词或短语来表示某种特性、事物、概念等，翻译此类词时，可将其作抽象化的引申，使译文流畅。例： 1) Life is full of smiles and tears. 生活充满了欢乐和悲哀。 2) If neighbors have changed,
2、 neighborhoods have not.They still have the same parts. (Unit I, Book I)如果邻居换了人，整个街坊不会变，街坊里该有什么还会有。 3) Writing the book brought the two closer, healing the fathers traumas and patching up their relationship. 这部书的写作拉近了他俩的距离，治愈了父亲的创伤，并弥合了父女间的裂痕。,Translation,2. 将词义作具体化引申英语擅长用抽象概念表达具体事物，抽象思维比较突出；汉语更倾向于运
3、用形象的方法表达抽象的概念。在翻译过程中，可以把英语的某些抽象词作具体化引申。例： 1) I looked up to find that another poor soul had met the same fate as I had. (Unit 4, Book I)我抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。 2) Perhaps three days was long enough for the campus population to have forgotten me. (Unit 4, Book I)兴许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后。,Translation,
4、3.根据语境对词义作具体化引申要根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义，根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 1) The corrections were marked in red.修改的地方都用红笔标出。 2) Be honest about yourself, and you wont go wrong. (Unit 3, Book I)对自己的情况要照实说，这样准没错。,Translation,3) How often in introductions has a name failed to stick because your mind was on the way
5、 someone looked or acted? (Unit 3, Book I)向你介绍别人时，有多少次是由于你在注意这个人的长相和动作而没能记住他的名字？ 4) Someone else may worry about the sun and the soil and the possibility of frost, but for both young plants and freshmen it is enough to be alive and here. (Unit 4, Book I)也许有人会担心阳光是否充足，土壤是否肥沃，霜冻是否降临，但是对幼苗和大学新生来说，能够存活，
6、能够跨进大学的校门，就足够了。,Translation,Please translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years.2. We see objects because light comes from them to our eyes.,激光是近年来最轰动的成就之一。,（名词意义的引申）,我们之所以看得见物体，是因为光从物体那里射到我们的眼睛里。,（动词意义的引申）,Translation Practice,T
7、ranslation,3. He has the reputation of being a blood-sucker.4. She has made a reputation for herself through hard work.5. Preparations for the conference had been plagued by many problems.6. Air and water are two requirements of all living things.,他是个臭名昭著的吸血鬼。,她勤奋工作为自己赢得了声誉。,会议的筹备工作受到了许多问题的干扰。,空气和水是
8、一切生物赖以生存的两个条件。,Translation,Translate the following paragraphs from English into Chinese.“I would tell anyone whos thinking about going back to school that its not as difficult as you think,” says Karen Jonaitis (卡伦乔纳特斯). Last year, at 47, she earned a bachelors degree in business administration, gra
9、duating alongside her daughter. “I realized that I could not move up in my career without a degree.” An administrative assistant at Endicott College, she now is studying for her masters in organizational management.A generation ago, Jonaitis would have been a rarity in college. Today, the US Department of Education estimates, about 6 million people aged 25 or older are studying in American institutions of higher learning, and more than 300 centers for adult learning have sprung up at college.,Sample,Translation,
