1、导游考试英文导游词Good morning! My name is Zhang Yuan. Can I begin?Attention please. Ladies and gentleman, welcome to beautiful city, Nanjing. I am the guide Zhang. Today, we are going to visit *. On the way to *, let me introduce our beautiful city, Nanjing.Nanjing is the capital city of Jiangsu Province an
2、d the provincial political, economic and cultural center; she is located in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, southwest of the province. The population of its urban area is about 3 million.Nanjing is one of the historical and cultural cities rectified by the state. She bears the reputation of the
3、capital of Wu, Easter Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Southern Tang, Ming, Taiping Kingdom and Republic of China subsequently. Nanjing is a place of celebrities and humanities, with a splendid cultural heritage. The attraction of Nanjing consists in the combination of rich natural and cultural heritages
4、. With many a relics of the Republic of China era in particular, Nanjing is recognized as the museum of modern Chinese history.DR. SUN YATSENS MAUSOLEUMAmong all the historical and cultural attractions in Nanjing, the most favored highlight is Dr. Sun Yatens Mausoleum. Dr. Sun Yatsens Mausoleum sits
5、 on the southern slope of the purple Mountain in the eastern suburb of the city. The construction began on March 12, 1926 and was completed in 1929 when the remains of Dr. Sun Yatsen was transported from Beijing and buried at the present site on June, 1.Dr. Sun Yatsen, also named Sun Wen or Sun Zhon
6、gshan, is considered as the forerunner of the Chinese democratic revolution. Dr. Sun Yatsen is a great man because he devoted 40 yeas of his life to pursuing his dream to overthrow the feudal monarchy and build a progressive, united and democratic Republic of China.Why was Dr. Sun Yatsen buried in N
7、anjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died? The mausoleum site was first recommended to Dr. Sun Yatsen by the abbot of Linggu Temple for its good geomantic omen. One day in April, 1912, he went hunting at the site of present mausoleum with his friends. Dr. Sun Yatsen was really so am
8、azed by the beautiful environment that he said to them: “I wish I could be bestowed a piece of land by people and be buried here after my death”. He once again expressed this desire in his sickbed in 1925. The architect named Lu Yanzhi. Dr. Sun Yatsens Mausoleum is designed in the shape of a liberty
9、 bell, intending to remind people never to get self-contented. The park of mausoleum covers an area of 800000 square meters. The whole architecture, from the gateway to the main entrance, tablet pavilion, memorial hall and the tomb vault, lies on the north-south axis with 392 steps and 10 platforms
10、in between. The buildings are all constructed with natural granite and marbles and covered by blue glazed-title roofs.Opposite to the bronze incense-burner off the square, stands the 12-meter high gateway of three arches with Dr. Sun Yatsens handwriting “Fraternity” carved on its front top. The 480
11、meters long Tomb Avenue, lined with pine, gingko and maple trees, leads to the main entrance tower roofed by blue-glazed tile. Under the front eave of the tower, Dr. Sun Yatsens motto “The world belongs to people” can be seen. Walking through it, the first building one will see is the tablet pavilio
12、n which houses a huge tombstone which is engraved with “Premier Dr. Sun is buried here by the Chinese Koumingtang on June 1, 1929”. From there, a panoramic view of the memorial hall can be obtained. However, there are still 392 steps in 4 flights to go before tourists reach the memorial hall on the
13、top, and a platform with stone benches at every flight so as not to exhaust the climbers. The memorial hall stands 73.33 meters above the ground. The lintel of the memorial hall is inscribed with “nationalism, democratic rights and peoples livelihood” and a vertical plaque is carved with 4 character
14、s “Hao qi chang cun ” meaning imperishable noble spirit. All these words are written in Dr. Suns own hand. In the center of the memorial hall sits the Italian white marble statue of Dr. Sun Yatsen mounted on a pedestal carved in bas-relief by a Polish sculptor about his revolutionary activities. The
15、 surrounding walls are inscribed with the national constitution written by Dr. Sun Yatsen. Beyond the memorial hall is the tomb vault. Standing by the side of the pool, as visitors look down, they bow to see Dr. Sun Yatsens reclining marble statue with his body buried 5 meters underneath. If one loo
16、ks up, he will find the emblem of the nationalist Party on the ceiling.When one wraps up the homage tour and steps down, he will not only enjoy a birds eye view of beautiful Nanjing, but also feel totally relived because he does not see any more of those 392 steps, but the platforms. Not until then,
17、 he will understand how great Dr. Sun Yatsen is.The whole mausoleum is an architectural complex in a typical and traditional Chinese style, and the layout is harmonious and rational. All the buildings are roofed with blue-glazed tiles. With pine trees and cypresses growing around, the mausoleum look
18、s magnificent and dignified. Dr. Suns mausoleum attracts thousands of visitors everyday.XiaoLing Tomb of The Ming DynastyXiaoling Tomb, or the tomb of filial piety, built 600 years ago, is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuan zhang , the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Lying at the southern foot of the P
19、urple Mountain ,the tomb complex is one of the largest ancient mausoleums of the emperors in china.Zhu Yuanzhang began to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife Empress Ma died. The empress was buried in the tomb in 1383.But Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang died in 1398 and was buried here in the same year.
20、 But the construction of the mausoleum lasted 38 years or more till 1431 when the Stele if Sacred Neruts and Virtues of Great Ming Filial Tomb was erected.The mausoleum consists of two major sections. The first section is from the Gateway of Dismounting Horse to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacre
21、d Way(tomb avenue), of which the approach is 1800 meters long. The second part is the tomb itself. Historical records indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall, 22.5 kilometers long, enclosing the whole tomb area. The tomb compel was very large with many splendid buildings. 100000 pines were plant
22、ed and 1000 deer rose in the park of mausoleum. Unfortunately, this large group of buildings was ruined by the wars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the war in which by the Qing Dynasty army. All the wooden structures were destroyed. However we can still see the exquisite stone carvings
23、 from the stone bases and imagine how magnificent it looked like 600 years ago.The tomb gate known as grand golden gate was a traditional architecture and connected with the red wall. The gateway of Dismounting Horse locates about 750 meters south from here. This shows the absolute dignity of Empero
24、r Zhu Yuanzhang at that time. To the east of the gateway, there are two tablets: the holy Mountain Tablet and the Tablet of Mountain Forbidden Regulations decreeing the entrance of the ordinary people into the holy area was to be severely punished. The royal court dispatched troops here to atand as
25、guards at the mausoleum in the years. That is why the site has been called Xiaolingwei meaning the Town of Filial guard.Northwards from the great golden gate, a huge roofless stone tablet pavilion can be seen ,it is the Square Castle, as local people call it . Its top is gone but the surrounding wal
26、ls and four archways still remain. In the middle of the building ,there stands and 8.78 meters high stele called :The Stele of Sacred Merits and Virtues of Great Mings Filial Tomb. It was built in 1413 by the third emperor ,Zhu yuanzhang s fourth son. The stele is inscribed altogether with 2746 Chin
27、ese characters in praise of the merits and virtues of Emperor Zhu yuanzhang .The sacred way is lined on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kinds. For each kind of the animals, there are one pair standing and the other kneeling. The standing pair is working and the kneeling resting
28、and they are on duty alternately. The real purpose of building these animals is to demonstrate the royal magnificence and the emperors dignity, to drive away evil spirits and guard the tomb. The first 2 pairs of animals are lions, king of the beasts symbolizing power. The second 2 pairs of animals a
29、re called Bixie, a unicorn-shaped mythical animal, said to e clever and capable of distinguishing between good and evil. The following pairs of animals include camels, elephants, Kylins or Chinese unicorns and horses. The camel is known as boat in the desert and symbol of prosperity. Each elephant ,
30、 which is the largest and heaviest sculpture, weighs 80 tons and symbolizes peace. The kylin represents good luck as well as horse loyalty.In ancient times ,it was rather difficult to move these heavy stone animals. The fact is that workers splashed water on the ground in cold winter, and pushed the
31、 stone animals to the present locations on the surface of frozen ice.Two 6.25 meter-high stone pillars serve as alters for the sacrificial offerings. Both the hexagonal pillars are carved with the patterns of clouds and dragons arousing visitors reverence and worship to the emperor . The sacred aven
32、ue makes a right turn here just because the Plum Blossom Hill stands in the way. The hill is the tomb for Sun Quan , The first emperor of Eastern Wu kingdom. It is said that when the tomb was constructed, some ministers suggested that Sun Quans tomb should be moved away. But Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang co
33、mmented that Sun Quan was a good fellow and should stay there to be the concierge of his tomb. The Plum Blossom hill now is popular excursion site for the local people in spring when the plum trees are in full blossom.Beyond the memorial pillars there are 4 pairs of stone WenZhongs,2 pairs each of c
34、ourt officials and warriors. Legend has it that there was a giant about 10meters tall of Qin Dynasty. The warriors,3.26meters high, are in armor with weapons in hands while court officials are in court ceremonial robe with writing board in hans to take notes of the emperors edict.Behind the statue,
35、there used to be a gate named Lingxing Gate. About 270 meters away from the gate is the stone bridge spanning over a small stream, yet it is called the Imperial Moat Bridge. The bridge used to have 5 arches , but was renovated into 3 arches later in the Qing Dynasty. The bridge foundation and stone
36、dykes is the original except the rail.About 200 meters north of the Imperial Moat Bridge is the front gate to the tomb. This area is the rear section of the tomb. The arch gate has 5 doorways, with yellow glazed tiles, red walls and doors . The lintel of the middle gate is engraved with 3 Chinese ch
37、aracters meaning Xiaoling Tomb of Ming Dynasty. Or “Mings Filial Tomb” given by the emperor himself but Ming was added actually later in the Qing times. It reflects the emperors idea to administer the country with filial piety which is the very instruction of Confucius, the most influential Chinese
38、philosopher. At the right of the gate, there is a table stone on which is inscribed with The Special Notice written in 6 foreign languages of Japanese, German, English, French, Italian and Russian respectively to reaffirm the attention to the protection of the filial tomb in the late Qing years.Insi
39、de the gate is an entrance hall, of which in the middle is the Stele of administering the country well as the Tang and Song dynasties. The tablet stone is engraved with the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi when he was paying his homage to the entombed emperor during his third inspection tour to the are
40、a in 1699.Standing behind the hall is the Filial Hall or Sacrificial hall ,which is one of the major buildings in the mausoleum employed to enshrine Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang and his empress. But the original was destroyed in the wars, and the present one was rebuilt and twice restored in the Qing Dyna
41、sty.The citadel of Treasures is the last building on the ground, 16.25meters high, 75 meters wide and 31 meters in depth. Ascending a flight of 54 stone stairs from an archway of the citadel is the tomb proper covered by a large earthen mound 400 meters in diameter. Under the mound rest the emperor
42、and his consorts , and as the records testify, 50 or more concubines and maids of honor were buried alive for company. Their families were ensured holy titles, but these young lives became the eternal victims of feudal sacrifice system.The tomb is at the foot of Purple Mountain. It has not been exca
43、vated because of the technical reasons of preservation.Linggu TempleLinggu Temple Park lies about one and half kilometers to the east of Dr.Sun Yatsens Mausoleum. It was called Jiangshan Temple in ancient time and its original site was in Dulongfu at the foot of the purple Mountain. However, in the
44、early days of the Ming Dynast(1368-1644),Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang chose that place to build his tomb, thus the temple had to be moved and rebuilt at the present site and was renamed as the Linggu Temple with an inscription “The Fist Buddhist Forest” at the entrance there is a secluded footpath with th
45、ousands of pine trees, verdant and luxuriant , so it is called the “Valley of Spirit Deep in Pines”. It is one of the 48 attractions in Nanjing . Main attractions in the park include Linggu Temple , the gateway of officers and men killed in action, Beamless hall, Pine and Wind Pavilion, Linggu Pagod
46、a, Monk Baogong Pagoda and Table of three Great Artists, etc.The first major attraction is the gate way of officials and men killed in action. In November 1928, when Chiang Kaisheks Kuomintang government made a decision to turn the Linggu temple into a cemetery of officials and men killed in battles
47、, the original entrance to the temple was rebuilt into a three-arch gateway for the dead officials and men. The gateway has 5 principle columns made of concrete cement. The gate has its foundation inlaid with granite on surface and roofed by blue-glazed tile. The lintel of the middle door is carved
48、with 4 Chinese characters “great Justice and Virtue” in front face and “Salvation of the Nation and People” on the back. The side lintels of the gate are decorated with the emblems of the KMT party.Inside the park there is the Beamless Hall built in 1381 in the Ming dynast. The hall,53.8 meters long
49、, 37.85 meters wide and 22meters high, was built entirely of bricks and stones from top to bottom without a piece of wood, hence the name. There are nine overlapping ridges and three pagodas decorating the top reges. In terms of size, the Beamless Hall stands first and foremost of its kind in china. It was built more than 200 years earlier than the other same kind Hall in other Ares. No wonder it is considered a masterpiece of Chinese stone-brick buildings. The difficulty involved in its construction and the complexity of techniques adopted testify the wis
