1、十一、主旨大意标题归纳题,专题三 第二节 分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(20186月天津，C) Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come into focus：food.Recent development has made possible machines that print，cook，and serve foods on a mass scale.And the industry isnt stopping there. Food production With a 3D
2、printer，a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.Not everybody can do thatit takes years of experience，but a printer makes it easy.A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same，”
3、freeing cooks to complete other tasks.In another restaurant，all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed，rather than farm to table.,Sustainability(可持续性) The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050，and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised
4、by 50 percent to maintain current levels.Sustainability is becoming a necessity.3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).3D prin
5、ting can reduce fuel use and emissions.Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end，freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.,Nutrition Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier.Hod Lipson，a professor at Columbia Univers
6、ity，said，“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content，like vitamins.So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket，youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”,Challenges Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing，the industr
7、y has many challenges to overcome.Currently，most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them，and the printing process is quite time-consuming，because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.On top of that，most of the 3D food printers now are restricted
8、 to dry ingredients，because meat and milk products may easily go bad.Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers，believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.,语篇解读,语篇解读 本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了3D食物打印机的优点和缺点。,46.What benefit does 3D printing bring to fo
9、od production? A.It helps cooks to create new dishes. B.It saves time and effort in cooking. C.It improves the cooking conditions. D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.,解析 推理判断题。根据Food production下的第二句中的“.it takes years of experience，but a printer makes it easy.”可知，利用3D打印机打印食物省时省力。故答案为B。,答案,解析,
10、46,47,48,49,50,47.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3? A.It solves food shortages easily. B.It quickens the transportation of food. C.It needs no space for the storage of food. D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.,解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some experts believe printers coul
11、d use hydrocolloids(水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).”可知，3D打印机用的是可再生材料。故D项正确。,答案,解析,46,47,48,49,50,48.According to Paragraph 4,3D-printed food . A.is more available to consumers B.can meet individual nutritional needs C.is more tasty
12、than food in supermarkets D.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials,解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content，like vitamins.”可知，3D打印机打印食物可以满足个人的营养需求。故答案为B。,答案,解析,46,47,48,49,50,49.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing
13、from spreading widely? A.The printing process is complicated. B.3D food printers are too expensive. C.Food materials have to be dry. D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.,解析 细节理解题。根据Challenges下的“On top of that，most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients.”可知，选项C正确。,答案,解析,46,47
14、,48,49,50,解析 标题归纳题。本文介绍了一种美味的新科技3D食物打印，故A项适合作文章标题。,50.What could be the best title of the passage? A.3D Food Printing：Delicious New Technology B.A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing C.The Challenges for 3D Food Production D.3D Food Printing：From Farm to Table,答案,解析,46,47,48,49,50,名师点津,一、题型解读 记叙文、说明
15、文和议论文三种文体所涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有： (1)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? (2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text? (3)What is the best title for this passage? (4)The most suitable title of this passage is . 一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括准确而又简短；针对性标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目能引发读者的
16、阅读欲望。,二、解题技巧 1.“高度概括”定标题 (1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。 (2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。,2.文章标题三特点 (1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多； (2)短小精悍，精确性强； (3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。 例如：【真题感悟】中第50题，要求概括标题，文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题“3D Food
17、 Printing：Delicious New Technology”。考生做此题时一定要注意选项的内容必须要能概括整个文章的内容，不能以偏概全。如B、C、D选项的内容在文章中都有所涉及，但不足以概括全文，所以需要考生正确概括全文的主旨大意。,随堂限时练,A (2018天津十二区县二模) Tears of relief and shouts of joy rang out at the San Jose Mine in northern Chile when 33 miners were lifted to freedom，one by one.The men，ranging from 19
18、to 63 years old，have been buried alive since a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed on August 5,2010.It is the longest time anyone has ever survived being trapped underground.,After the collapse，the men found an emergency shelter off one of the mines tunnels.The temperature i
19、n the dark shelter was around 90 degrees Fahrenheit.For more than two weeks，the miners water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.They shared a supply of food that was meant to last for only 48 hours. The miners were totally isolated until rescue teams made contact with the men on August 22.Th
20、ey sent a note to the surface explaining their situation.Rescuers drilled small holes to reach the cave and sent down supply tubes containing food，water，clothes，medicine，fresh air and other supplies.They also received letters from their families，a television set and games.,Additional collapses slowe
21、d down rescue efforts.Finally，a tunnel was built that could fit a 13-foot rescue capsule(救生舱)，called the Pheonix.The escape hole measures 28 inches across，a tight fit for the twisting 20 minutes,2,041-foot ride.The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13.The rescue mission
22、was faster than expected，and all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day.,The miners were met by family members who were waiting at Camp Hope，a settlement of tents near the mine.Chiles president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.“We made a promise never to gi
23、ve up，and we kept it，” he said.After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.,1.How long were the rescued miners trapped in the mine? A.About 48 hours. B.About two weeks. C.One month and a half. D.More than two months.,解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a c
24、ave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed(倒塌) on August 5,2010”和倒数第二段第四、五句“The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13.all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day.”可知，所有被营救出来的矿工已被困了两个多月。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“For more than two we
25、eks，the miners water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.”可知，矿工们起初两个多星期饮用的水是作业车辆水箱中原先就有的，不属于救援工作。故选A。,2.Which of the following doesnt belong to the rescue work? A.The water from the tanks. B.Small holes drilled to reach the cave. C.A tunnel built to fix a rescue capsule. D.Letters，games and a
26、 TV set from the surface.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Chiles president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it， he said.”可知，智利总统对矿难非常关切。故选D。,3.What can we learn from the text? A.All miners reached the surface just after mid
27、night on October 13. B.The loss of the mine collapse. C.The health condition of the trapped miners. D.The concern of Chiles president about the mine collapse.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段末句“After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.
28、”可知矿工获救后被送往最近的医院进行为期两天的观察。故选C。,4.According to the text，the rescued miners . A.received medical examination in a hospital at first B.could go home immediately they got out of the mine C.had to stay in a hospital for two days before going home D.felt relieved to see their family members taken good car
29、e of,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析 标题归纳题。本文主要描述了在营救者不懈的努力以及矿工们的顽强毅力下，智利矿难的营救工作取得了圆满成功，33名矿工在困于矿井两个多月后终于获救，这可以说是一个生命的奇迹。,5.The best title for the text should be . A.Disaster at the Mine B.A Miracle at the Mine C.Efforts of Great Chileans D.Miserable Life of Chilean Miners,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B (2018和平区二模) Since the
30、 1970s，scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain-computer interface(界面)(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. Recently，two researchers，Jose Milan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne，Switzerl
31、and，demonstrated(展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.,In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. “Our brain has billions of nerve ceils.
32、These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles，” Tavella says.“Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also
33、to control devices.”,The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its pa
34、th.They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Prof.Milan，the team leader，says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands.“The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in t
35、wo categories：communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”,He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of
36、 time.,解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，人类一直在寻找把人脑和电脑联系在一起的方法，BCI可以帮助残疾人向机器发布命令。由此可知，BCI是一种可以连接人脑和电脑的技术。,6.BCI is technology that can . A.help to update computer systems B.link the human brain with computers C.help the disabled to recover D.control a persons thoughts,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,7.How did Tavella operate the w
37、heelchair in the laboratory? A.By controlling his muscles. B.By talking to the machine. C.By moving his hand. D.By using his mind.,解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.”可知，特维拉通过想着移动左手或右手，就可以操作轮椅了。说明他通过思维来控制轮椅。,答案,解析,
38、6,7,8,9,10,8.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? A.scalpcomputercapwheelchair B.computercapscalpwheelchair C.scalpcapcomputerwheelchair D.capcomputerscalpwheelchair,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第前三句“The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This
39、 head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.”可知，首先头皮接收人的思想信号，接着特殊的帽子从头皮上获取信息，再传到计算机上，最终计算机操作轮椅移动。,6,7,8,9,10,9.The team will test with real patients to . A.make profits from them B.prove th
40、e technology useful to them C.make them live longer D.learn about their physical condition,解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.”可知，他们把这个技术运用于真正的病人身上是为了证明这个技术对病人有用。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析 标题归纳题。文章第一段第二句“Brain-computer interf
41、ace(界面)(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.”指出BCI是一种可以连接人脑和电脑的技术，未来它能够帮助残疾人自由活动。文章的其他部分则叙述了与之相关的研究信息。故C项为最佳标题。,10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A.Switzerland，the BCI Research Center B.New Findings About How the Human Brain Works C.BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled D.Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,
