1、弃我去者，昨日之日不可留乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。 做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全” 。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或
2、补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等） ，笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如， “联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大” 。4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(m
3、aximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。有效的笔记系统影响口译质量的一大原因是笔记得当与否口译笔记是辅助记忆的手段，是在听讲过程中用简单的文字或符号记下讲话内容中能刺激记忆的关键词。通过关键词能够提示考生讲话人所表述的意思，掌握其表述内容的前因后果、上下文的逻辑关系。除此之外，数字、地点、人名容易一听就忘，所以也要及时记下这些必要的细节。但是如果考生将精力完全集中在笔记上，而忽视了对摄入信息的分析理解和加工处理，那么笔记反倒会成为口译的绊脚石。所以考生一定要遵从“大脑记忆为主，笔记为辅”的基本原则
4、，不能过分依赖笔记。掌握了战略原则，接下来要考虑的自然是“怎样记笔记”这个战术问题了。 “怎样记”是一个因人而异的问题，理论上以目标语加符号为宜，如“powerful country”记作“强” ，“我同意”记作“I ”,“观点，看法一致”记作“ same” ， “economic development”记作“经”等等。用目标语记录能够帮助考生脱离原语的语言外壳，使笔记成为表达的雏形，为表达提供便利。不过理论归理论，遇到具体情况还应具体处理，考生完全可以采用自己认为最迅速，最简短的方法记录。比如汉译英时，汉语是母语，用汉语记，自然反应更快，记得更准，所以何乐而不为。相反，只要英文记录相对容易
5、，就不必拘泥于上述的理论，锁住自己的手脚。还有英汉双语混用，也都是口译笔记个性化的体现。值得注意的是，无论用原语还是目标语，缩略语还是符号，关键是要能将记录下来的内容复原成完整正确的信息，千万不能造成识别的误区。以下举考试中的两个实例来说明口译笔记的一些基本要领：(1) As an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans
6、. /We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese colleagues due to our different cultural traditions. /I cant say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. Arter all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management. /In recent years, more and more American busi
7、ness executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management.美 经 中美合企 2 年 I 说 difbus. man. 中 美/we 更 直 率 比 中不同文传/I x 我 bus. + 毕 有 + & - both /近年 美企 exe. 强: hu 中管/(2)今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。/我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。/我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系
8、作出重要的贡献。/明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。今 eve we J 北大 再接 老朋 Dr Green&Mrs / I 代 全 staff Dr.&Mrs. G & 其 NZ 宾: wel / I Bel Gr 我 sch 访 友合 重贡/ tom 宾 go 南 & 上 I wish nice trip/总之，记笔记是为了突出中心，提示难点，给短期记忆一臂之力，所以笔记的方法一定要得当。逐字逐句地记录既办不到也不必要，还会分散精力影响听的效果。口译笔记应简短、清晰、易辨，寥寥几个关键词，能为理解后的表达起到很好的提示作用。口译笔记有一定的规则可循，但又具有强烈的个
9、性化，因此考生必须在反复练习的基础上，发展一套适合自己特点的笔记体系，在实践中不断完善，并通过优化了的笔记系统提高口译质量。1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is tointroduce only a few abbreviations into your note t
10、aking at a time.Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse ent
11、ire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax =
12、maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.amt = amountcontd = c
13、ontinuedgovt = governmenteducatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words s
14、uch as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever theterm, phrase, or
15、name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CASthereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, th
16、e same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus/ parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examp
17、les:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, anapostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:
18、techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide arecognisable skeleton of the w
19、ord. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Ex
20、amples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can besubstituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertis
21、ing Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets ofsymbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and
22、 Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of resulting in -and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than especially esp/一、 缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如 IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F 拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: s
23、tandardRCV: receiveF 保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF 根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词 原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as po
24、ssibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH Ex
25、changeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO Memor
26、andumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT
27、RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、 字母、图像 Z 表示“人“people/person，因为“Z“看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字
28、母 C 读/ga:ma/,近似 government, 所以就用C 来表示 govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political 希腊字母 P 读/pai/,近似 politics, political。那么politician 就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G 为效率
29、符号。Q 表示“通货膨胀“：inflation 因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture 经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B 表示商业：business。C 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation “C“中的“表示反对，字母“C“将反对的概念缩小为 conflict 和 confrontation。W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是 work 的第一个字母。所以 WZ 就可以用来表示worker, 而 W(Z 在字母上方表示 employer, 在字母下方表示 employee)。i 表示工业:
30、industry, industrial 字母 i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺“。如果在 U 内填入 2，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入 3 表示为 trilateral(三边的)。填入在 U 中填入 1 表示: Unilateralism（单边主义） ，填入 m(multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在 U 上加一个“/“表示谈判破裂。O 表示“国家“、“民族“、“领土“等：country, state, nation, etc.gO
31、表示进口，Og 表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加Z 表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示“领导人“：leader, head 那么 head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示“捕鱼业“等合 fishery 有关的
32、词汇。O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示不满、生气 unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apat
33、hetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc.三、 箭头 g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示发射
34、、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示“波折“：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、 数学符号 + 表示“多“: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示“多“的比较级：more+3 表示“多“的最高级：most 表示“少“: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示“错误“、“失误“
35、和“坏“的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. 表示“多于“概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示“高“ 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.sheer sizeReference:庞大的体形109.zoo attractionsReference:动物园园景110不难区分Reference:.are not difficult to tell apart111,whereas.Reference:这句型可以用作对比列举112.
36、curve down in the middleReference:中间向下113.我代表我们代表团的全体成员,.Reference:On behalf all the members of my deligation,I.114.During our stay,.note:“stay“要翻的好听点Reference:在我们逗留期间,.115.impress sb. deeplyReference:给.留下很深刻的印象116.欢迎各位参加“对外汉语“学习班note:“学习班“竟然可以不去翻译出来,用个词代替就是了Reference:Welcome to the Program of “Chin
37、ese as a Foreign language“.117.近年来,世界各地学汉语者与日俱增.note:主要是“与日俱增“.Reference:a worldwide interest in Chinese is increasing at an accelerating tempo118.从某种意义上说,汉语是一种很古老的语言,其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了.note:句子主要关注于,句首的表达,以及最后一部分怎样用词组和上文衔接,在出现说历史时长的时候.Reference:In a sense,.,with its earliest writings dating back nearl
38、y for thousand years.119.随着.,.Reference:With. , .120.我将适时介绍.note:“适时“的翻译,当然,介绍不一定就是 introduce,discuss 也不错Reference:I will discuss in due time.121.(汉语)对(中华民族的文化和思维)所产生的影响.note:还要注意一下“思维“的翻译Reference:the influence of the Chinese language on the cultural and intellectual development of the Chinese nati
39、on122.对于这门拥有世界上使用人数最多,文学历史最悠久的语言来说,这股学习热潮早该出现了.note:“对于.来说“,“早该出现了“,当指语言的使用人数时候怎么表达Reference:Considering that Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world and the greatest depth in its literature, this interest is long overdue.123.受到/接受完整的中等教育note:完整的在这里怎么表达?受到接受在这里和教育搭配应该用什么词?Reference:r
40、eceive a full secondary education124.显然这一现象已经影响了全民科学和文化水平的提高,与现代社会格格不入.note:“现象“不一定就是 phenomenon,“全民“,“格格不入“Reference:This fact has obviously affected the improvement of general scientific an cultural levels and is fully incompatible with a modernized society.125.因此,中国在努力发展经济的同时必须努力控制人口数量,并且提高人口素质.n
41、ote:三星句型.“在.的同时“,动名转换.Reference:Therefore,Chinas efforts to develop the economy must be accompanied by equally vigorous efforts to control the population and improve its quality.126,人口增长也是中国普及中等教育比较缓慢的一个重要原因.note:原因不一定就是 reason,“重要“也不一定就是 important,注意这里的特殊句型.Reference:Population increase is also a m
42、ajor factor behind Chinas relative slowness in establishing universal secondary school education.127.有人认为.Reference:Some people hold the view that.128.然而,更多人认为.note:“认为“的翻译种种,全扫描Reference:However,more people are of the opinion that.129.深圳应该当好内地与香港之间的桥梁.note:太常用的句型了,不会是失败.Reference:Shenzhen should co
43、ntinue to play its role as a bridge linking Hong Kong and mainland.130.借助.的优势Reference:make use of the advantages of.131发展成为.Reference:develop into.132.国际商 wuReference:international commercial port133.今天,我们聚会在一起,.Reference:Today,we meet here to .134.广泛领域Reference:a wide range of areas135反映了.Referenc
44、e:.reflects.136.共同愿望Reference:shared desire137.对.产生积极影响Reference:have a positive impact on.138.我深信.Reference:I am deeply convinced that.139.携手合作Reference:work together for.140.本着.原则Reference:in the principal of .141.会议的圆满结束Reference:a successful conclusion of this meeting142.牢记以下几点Reference:keep cer
45、tain points in mind143.组建.(企业)Reference:set up.144.Now,let me go on to the legal aspect of a joint venture.note:注意“aspect“翻成什么好Reference:下面我接着谈谈合资企业的法律问题145,.,都要记住这一点.Reference:.with this in mind.146.You have to understand the extent of your liability for actions of the joint venture.Reference:你必须考虑
46、自己对该合资企业的行为承担多少责任.147.关注Reference:be concerned about148.现有市场Reference:existing market149.sales areaReference:销售区域150.We are not finished with you.Reference:我们跟你还没完呢!151.pick up the pieces and carry onReference:收拾残局,重整旗鼓,再图进取152.好句子. I began my life as the son of immigrants ,and with great efforts I
47、worked my way up to the presidency of the Ford Campany.Reference:我是作为移民的儿子进入人世的,凭自己的努力,一步步地当上了福特汽车公司地总裁.153.热情接待Reference:warm reception154.衷心的感谢Reference:heartbelt thanks for155.没有贵方的努力我们无法成功地达成合作协议.Reference:Without your effort it would have been impossible for us to reach the successful conclusio
48、n of our cooperative agreements156.来华投资Reference:come to invest in China157.幅员辽阔Reference:has vast land158.劳动力资源丰富Reference:abundant human resource159.兴办(企业)Reference:establish160.market strategyReference:市场营销战略161.business dealingsReference:商务运作162.这种投资方法对我们合作双方来说,都有丰厚地经济回报.Reference:I would say th
49、at this type of investment will yield fat economic returns for both parties in our partnership.163.产品有着优异的价格性能比note:这里的“有着“Reference:enjoy164.I shall focus my remarks primary on.Reference:我想重点谈谈.165differs greatly from.Reference:与.是截然不同地166.I am certain that.Reference:我相信.167.The future of economic cooperation with China should be viewed with a combination of enthusiasm and realism.note:注意这里的“be viewd“Reference:我们应该带着满腔热忱和现实主义的精神来看待与中国未来的经济合作.168.越来越(流行)note:不一定是 more and moreReference:increasing population169.to stay out traffic ja
