1、高中英语阅读讲座（一）,主讲： 宝山中学 陈晓红2005-03-27,讲座主要内容,谈谈高中英语阅读1、常见题材2、常见体裁3、测试要求,第一讲：阅读中的细节型试题,第二讲：阅读中的生词词义猜测,高中英语阅读常见题材,天文地理、科学技术,政治历史、文化教育,风土人情、生活常识,高中英语阅读常见体裁,1、记叙文,2、说明文,3、应用文,4、议论文,5、图表、,高中英语阅读测试要求,1、直接题 事实细节文中找切莫自己凭想象,2、间接题词语结构同义换生词上下文中猜,高中英语阅读测试要求,3、推理判断题事物发展合逻辑文中寓意细领会,4、主旨大意题段落大意需归纳中心思想领全文,第一讲：阅读中的细节题,
2、明确中心内容，把握辨证关系，体会作者意图，判断文章主题。, 细节孤立无意义，全文呼应有精彩，正确答案文中藏，错误选择怪猜想。,细节型试题常见提问形式,*According to the passage, when (where,why,how, what, which, how many, how often ),*Which of the statements is true?,*Which of the statements is not true?,*Which of the statements is not mentioned in the passage?,*In the pass
3、age the writer states that,*What is the right order of the event?,细节型试题的几种解答方法,1、 词、句转换法,不可否认，细节题在文章中一定能找到答案，但是正确选项与文中原句往往不会一模一样，命题者常以释义（paraphrase)或重述（restatement)的形式来设计题目。因此，熟记近义词及词组，熟悉句型转换是正确解答此类题的关键。,例1：According to Dr. Wendy Gamble of the university of Arizona, kids dont need any instructions i
4、n lying. It comes naturally to them.Q: How do children learn how to lie?A. Instructions from parentsB. School education C. Social experiences D. Basic instinct,According to Dr. Wendy Gamble of the university of Arizona, kids dont need any instructions in lying. It comes naturally to them.,“It is not
5、 parents or teachers that teach children how to lie.” 从最后一句更清楚的知道说谎是天生的，是一种本能，所以正确答案是D。“instinct”即“本能的”的意思。,According to Dr. Wendy Gamble of the university of Arizona, kids dont need any instructions in lying. It comes naturally to them.Q: How do children learn how to lie?A. Instructions from parent
6、sB. School education C. Social experiences D. Basic instinct,例2：Sally arrived early. As she walked around the old house, she couldnt help feeling sad because of what was about to happen. It was almost a year since her dear grandmother had passed away in this house at the age of ninety-two. The famil
7、y had very much wanted to keep all her things. Unfortunately, the family business had failed and left them with heavy debts. The bank now forced them to have an auction sale to repay their debts. The auction was to be held today.,Q: Why did Sally feel sad when she came to the old house? A: Because h
8、er grandmother had died. B: Because her family were in heavy debts. C: Because she knew she could pay forthe quilt. D: Because her family had to sell her grandmas belongings.,Sally arrived early. As she walked around the old house, she couldnt help feeling sad because of what was about to happen. It
9、 was almost a year since her dear grandmother had passed away in this house at the age of ninety-two. The family had very much wanted to keep all her things. Unfortunately, the family business had failed and left them with heavy debts. The bank now forced them to have an auction sale to repay their
10、debts. The auction was to be held today.,Sallys grandmother had passed away and she left all her belongings.,Sallys familys business had failed and they were in heavy debts.,They had no choice but to sell what Sallys grandma had left to whoever offered the most money for it.,an auction sell=selling
11、something to a person who offers the most money for it.,Sally felt very sad.,Q: Why did Sally feel sad when she came to the old house? A: Because her grandmother had died. B: Because her family were in heavy debts. C: Because she knew she could pay forthe quilt. D: Because her family had to sell her
12、 grandmas belongings.,2、排除式结构,仔细阅读4个选项，带着选项的内容再去阅读短文。一旦遇到与选项相似的信息，马上在这些信息下划线作为排除的内容。排除3项与原文有关的内容后，所剩选项的内容确定在原文中找不到相应信息，即是正确答案。,常见的排除式结构的提问方式：,1. According to the passage, all of the following are true except that,2. In the passage, which of the following statements is not true?,3. What is not mentio
13、ned in the passage?,4. We can infer from the passage that,例3：Every August on the island of Heimaey, off the southern coast of Iceland, young people often take a walk along the streets throughout the night. Whats more, their parents allow them to stay out. Why? The children of Heimaey are going to sa
14、ve young puffinssmall black and white seabirds.,The cliffs above the town are home to a large group of puffins. The birds dig holes all around the cliffs. These holes are their homes. The young birds stay in the holes for about seven weeks. Then they begin to leave. Some move slowly on their undevel
15、oped wings and feet down to the northern Atlantic Ocean that surround Heimaey. There, they swim, which they can do naturally, and learn to dive for fish. Others, however, may lose their way at night and find themselves in the town instead. On the ground, the young seabirds are in trouble. Because th
16、eir wings are not fully developed, they cannot take off quickly to sea and safety. The birds then become a good meal for cats and other animals.,For many years, islanders have helped the young puffins. Early at night in the late August, children carrying thick paper boxes and lights hurry to the sea
17、shore to catch puffins. They spend most of the night running after the birds. They put the birds theyve caught in boxes and take good care of them.The next morning the children take the puffins to the ocean and set them free. The birds will live at sea until they are at least two years old. Then the
18、y will return to the cliffs to build homes of their own for their families.Will the children of Heimaey always come to save puffins? “Yes,” answer the boys. “We look forward to it. The best time for us is setting the birds free.”,Q: According to the passage, which of the following is not true?A. Onc
19、e in a year the children are allowed to stay out to have a good time with birds, cats, and animals.B. The earliest home for the young puffins is in thecliffs, not in the sands of beaches.C. Some young puffins make their way down to the ocean when they are about seven weeks old.D. The young birds tha
20、t get to the sea will stay there for at least two years.,The cliffs above the town are home to a large group of puffins. The birds dig holes all around the cliffs. These holes are their homes. The young birds stay in the holes for about seven weeks. Then they begin to leave. Some move slowly on thei
21、r undeveloped wings and feet down to the northern Atlantic Ocean that surround Heimaey.,There, they swim, which they can do naturally, and learn to dive for fish. Others, however, may lose their way at night and find themselves in the town instead. On the ground, the young seabirds are in trouble. B
22、ecause their wings are not fully developed, they cannot take off quickly to sea and safety. The birds then become a good meal for cats and other animals.,The next morning the children take the puffins to the ocean and set them free. The birds will live at sea until they are at least two years old. T
23、hen they will return to the cliffs to build homes of their own for their families.,Will the children of Heimaey always come to save puffins? “Yes,” answer the boys. “We look forward to it. The best time for us is setting the birds free.”,Q: According to the passage, which of the following is not tru
24、e?A. Once in a year the children are allowed to stay out to have a good time with birds, cats, and animals.B. The earliest home for the young puffins is in thecliffs, not in the sands of beaches.C. Some young puffins make their way down to the ocean when they are about seven weeks old.D. The young b
25、irds that get to the sea will stay there for at least two years.,例4：In the past 200 years, Australia has lost 19 species of animals and 76 species of plants.The Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service estimates that between 100 and 250 million species of animals and plants have lived on Earth
26、 since life began about 3.5 million years ago. Today, there are 5 and 10 million species, of which up to 1 million species could be extinct by the year 2000.,The first species to disappear after the European arrival in Australia were the lesser stick-nest rat, the big-eared hopping mouse and the Dar
27、ling Downs hopping-mouse. This occurred in about 1840.Today the council of state and federal ministers responsible for conservation has produced a list of currently endangered fauna, which includes a range of bettors, wallabies, and the numbest. Three species of whale, various birds, a number of fro
28、gs, snakes and fish are also on the list.,But there is some cause for optimism. Several species previously believed extinct have reappeared in recent years. Recently, survey parties in remote areas have even found new species of marsupials, and reptile species are regularly discovered.This could mea
29、n that other “extinct” species may yet surfaceeven the Tasmanian tiger, which some authorities believe still exist in the remote regions of Tasmania.,Q: Which of the following is not true?A. During the past two centuries, 19 species of animals have disappeared in Australia.B. Life on Earth is about
30、3.5 million years old.C. At least 250 million species of animals and plants could live on earth.D. By the end of 2000 about 1 million species could become extinct.,In the past 200 years, Australia has lost 19 species of animals and 76 species of plants.The Australian National Parks and Wildlife Serv
31、ice estimates that between 100 and 250 million species of animals and plants have lived on Earth since life began about 3.5 million years ago. Today, there are 5 and 10 million species, of which up to 1 million species could be extinct by the year 2000.,Q: Which of the following is not true?A. Durin
32、g the past two hundred centuries, 19 species of animals have disappeared in Australia.B. Life on Earth is about 3.5 million years old.C. At least 250 million species of animals and plants could live on Earth.D. By the end of 2000, about 1 million species could become extinct.,3、长句结构法,为提高试题难度，命题人就“事实
33、与细节”命题时，经常针对句子结构比较复杂的长句来设计问题。在面对这种题设时，学生应首先找出原文中长句的主干成分：主、谓、宾；分清次要成分，如：定语、状语、插入语等，然后对照选项来进行选择，判断该问题加上正确选项能否准确地表达原句的信息值。,例5：Twenty students had just climbed their way to the top rung out of four million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest on Tuesday eve
34、ning at Jintan County, Jiangsu Province.,Q: This news story is mainly about_.A. When the contest startedB. How the contest got its nameC. The 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contestD. The Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest.,通过分析细节的办法来理解第一句话的语法结构，再联系全文，问题也就迎刃而解了。,Twenty
35、 students had just climbed their way to the top rung out of four million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest on Tuesday evening at Jintan County, Jiangsu Province.,首先，全句可缩略成：“They climbed their way to the top rung.”,细节部分如下：How many: twenty out of four
36、millionWhat thing: the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics ContestDoing what: taking part in the contestWhen: Tuesday eveningWhere: Jintan County, Jiangsu Province,Q: This news story is mainly about_.A. When the contest startedB. How the contest got its nameC. The 20 pupils who have won
37、gold medals in the contestD. The Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest.,例6：Ken Roberts found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill in Bedfordshire and thought he must have buried the gold hare in a place he knew well but he still could not see the connection w
38、ith Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIIIs six wives, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.,Q: The stone crosses in Ampthill were built _A. to tell about what happened in 1773B. to show respect for Henry VIIIs
39、 first wifeC. to serve as a road sign in Ampthill ParkD. to inform people where the gold hare was,Ken Roberts found out that Kit Williams had spent hisS V （宾语从句） O childhood near Ampthill in Bedfordshire and thought V that he must have buried the gold hare in a place he knew （宾语从句） O （定语从句） well but
40、 he still could not see the connection with KatherineS V（宾语从句） O of Aragon, the first of Henry VIIIs six wives, until one day （同位语） Ahe came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.（时间状语从句）,通过正确分析句子结构可以正确理解句子大意,Ken Roberts发现Kit Williams曾在Bed
41、fordshire的Ampthill度过了自己的童年，并以为他必定是把他的金兔藏在了一个他很熟悉的地方，但Ken仍然不明白这和Aragon的Katherine有什么关系？直到有一天他偶尔在Ampthill公园看到两个石制的十字架，才得知它们是于1773 年为纪念Katherine而建造的。,Ken Roberts found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill in Bedfordshire and thought he must have buried the gold hare in a place he
42、knew well but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIIIs six wives, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.,Q: The stone crosses in Ampthill were built _A. to tell about wh
43、at happened in 1773B. to show respect for Henry VIIIs first wifeC. to serve as a road sign in Ampthill ParkD. to inform people where the gold hare was,4、查阅法,学生从文中获得所需信息，有时不需要阅读整篇文章，而只需找出能包含所需信息的那部分，然后加以仔细阅读就行。查阅过程中应注意文章的结构及顺序排列。弄清文章的排列顺序能帮助学生在回答细节问题时做到高效省时，准确无误，所以学生必须掌握扫读的本领，在最短的时间内找到所需的答案。,查阅法典型题型,
44、1、数据推算题,要求学生按文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单的计算和推算。,* 要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息的含义。 * 弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息。 * 不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。,例7：The film “Titanic” received 14 nominations for the 70th Academy Award and it is not the only one that has been given such an honor. The following is a list of films receivi
45、ng 12 or more Academy Award nominations and the number of Oscars they ended up winning:,“Titanic”(1997), 14 nominations, 11awards. “All About Eve”(1950), 14 nominations, 6 awards. “Gone with the Wind”(1939), 13 nominations, 8awards. “Mary Poppins”(1964), 13nominations,5 awards. “Whos Afraid of Virgi
46、nia Woolf”(1966), 13 nominations, 5 awards.,“Forest Gump”(1994), 13nominations, 6 awards. “On the Waterfront”(1954), 12nominations, 8 awards. “Ben-Hue”(1959), 12 nominations,11awards. “My Fair Lady”(1964), 12nominations, 8awards. “Dances with Wolves”(1990), 12 nominations,7 awards. “Schindlers List”
47、(1993), 12nominations, 7 awards. “The English Patient”(1996), 12 nominations, 12 awards.,Q1: From this passage, we learn that the Academy Award came into being in _.A. 1928 B. 1919 C. 1927 D. 1898,The film “Titanic” received 14 nominations for the 70th Academy Award and it is not the only one that h
48、as been given such an honor. The following is a list of films receiving 12 or more Academy Award nominations and the number of Oscars they ended up winning:“Titanic”(1997), 14 nominations, 11awards.,1997年的 “Titanic” 是70 届，199770=1927，由此得出结论该奖项从1927年开始。所以 “C” 是正确答案。,Q2: The list shows that_.A. “Titan
49、ic” receives more awards than any other film.B. “Forest Gump” receives the fewest awards.C. “Ben=Hur” must have been very successful.D. The nominations are unfair.,“Titanic”(1997), 14 nominations, 11awards. “All About Eve”(1950), 14 nominations, 6 awards. “Gone with the Wind”(1939), 13 nominations, 8awards. “Mary Poppins”(1964), 13nominations,5 awards. “Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf”(1966), 13 nominations, 5 awards.,
