1、英语阅读解题专题讲座,2018/11/16,2,一、英语阅读理解考察要点,（1）理解主旨和要义 （2）理解文中具体信息 （3）根据上下文推断生词的词义 （4）作出判断和推理 （5）理解文章的基本结构 （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度,2018/11/16,3,二、阅读理解题型设计与该题型的解题方法,（一）细节题题型设计与解题方法 1、直述法 A、完成句子法。把要考察的细节信息以另外一个句子再现，选项是句子的一部分。 56. The results of the South American experiment .（广东NMET06）A. have caused a serious troub
2、leB. have proved to be wrong,2018/11/16,4,B、再现内容法。在一定的范围、情况或条件下再现要考察的细节信息。 59. If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important _.（06NMET全国1）,2、直接问题法 把要考察的细节信息以特殊疑问句的形式，如用 what, who, how, when, how much, which, where等直接提问出来。 58. Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees attacking personali
3、ties? （广东NMET06）,2018/11/16,5,3、筛选问题法 把要考察的细节信息变成一个对的，其余三个都是错的，然后通过筛选后选出正确选项的方法。 60. Which of the following is true about the old cobbler.? （广东NMET06）,4、因果问题法 要考察的细节信息是原因而题干是结果，通过因果关系的确立完成对细节的正确判断。 67. Many members from the working class are not satisfied with their jobs because . （广东NMET06）,2018/11
4、/16,6,解题技巧：回答细节题，要注意题干中的关键词或关键短语。在阅读中不必阅读整篇文章，只要找到关键词或关键短语即可。发现了关键词或词语后，阅读它所在句子的前句和后句以保证信息的准确性。细节题的选项不会用文章所用的句子，而是用同义词或用“貌不同而义相同”句子。例如:文章说“ Dickens was a well-known writer.” 关于此句引出问题的答案可能是“His works won him fame.”。一般细节题的顺序也是文章内容的顺序。细节题主要是要注意“语义对等”。,2018/11/16,7,56. The results of the South American
5、experiment .（广东NMET06）A. have caused a serious troubleB. have proved to be wrongC. are not yet certainD. are not important （. Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen）（C）,2018/11/16,8,67. Many members from the working clas
6、s are not satisfied with their jobs because . （广东NMET06）A. they could not rise in the ladder of successB. they are not interested in their jobsC. they could not earn much money D. they are not their own bosses （A greater number of the members of the working class take relatively little satisfaction
7、in their jobs, because much of their work is ordinary and boring.）（B）,2018/11/16,9,（二）推理题题型设计与解题策略,1、推断代词问题法 推断代词如：it, he ,she, they, them 等的语义时，主要根据它前面句子语义和指代关系来确定。要注意与代词最近的名词或短语不一定是所指的对象；确定不了选项时可以用选项替换到代词的位置来检验正确的选项。 59.What does the word “them” underlined in the last paragraph refer to ?（全国06NMET
8、）,2018/11/16,10,59.What does the word “them” underlined in the last paragraph refer to ?（全国06NMET） A.Free-markets. B.Price changes. C.Unexpected connection . D. chances opened up by trade. （The chances opened up by trade are vast, she argues, but free markets need the correcting force of politics to
9、 keep them in check .）（A）,2018/11/16,11,2、推断词汇或短语语义问题法。 正确选项可能是要推断词汇或短语的同义词或解释词；正确选项可能是根据前后语义猜出；正确选项不是该词字面意思而是文中语义。 65. The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly means .A. strike with a blow B. have bad effects onC. break up D. beat,2018/11/16,12,69. The underlined phrase “turn his back on“ (
10、paragraph 6) most probably means .（广东06NMET）A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on （When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to
11、 be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area？I wanted to know.）（C）,2018/11/16,13,3、主旨大意问题法 主旨大意是对文中诸多次大意或诸多具体说明的总体归纳，而不是文章的部分观点或超出文章的内容。它可以从文章的主题句中获得，也可以是文章每段要点的总体归纳。这些就是该问题的解题方法和技巧。 75. The passage is mainly
12、about _.（江苏06NMET）,2018/11/16,14,75. The passage is mainly about _.（江苏06NMET） A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two tunnels D. the design of two tunnels 第一段：As part of the project, two four-kilometre road tunnels are being built 第二段：In the upper part of the
13、 tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas 底三段：Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat(D),2018/11/16,15,4、最好标题问题法 最好标题的语言简练概括全面，不能只包括一段内容或一个细节内容，不能过于宽泛超出文章的内容；最好标题是对文中诸多次大意或诸多具体说明的总体归纳；文章主题句也是解题方法之一。 71. What is probably the best title for the pass
14、age?广东06NMET）,2018/11/16,16,71. What is probably the best title for the passage?(广东06NMET)A. Provide Homes For Our FamilyB. Take Up Horse-ridingC. Value This Very DayD. Stay Alive （This is Life, all right, but we do treat it like a rehearsal (排演) and, unhappily, we do miss so many of its best moment
15、s.）（C）,2018/11/16,17,5、推理问题法 A、用文中的事实和观点推理。解题时注意一般推断题的答案不会是文中所提出的事实或观点，不会是夸大或没有依据文章的信息进行的推断。Lie detectors are properly called emotion detectors, for their aim is to measure bodily changes that contradict what a person says. Lie detectors record a persons emotions. Emotions can contradict what a pers
16、on says. People always say what they are feeling. Lie detectors cause changes in emotions.,2018/11/16,18,B、用文中的语言表达、写作风格、内容思想来推理。解题的着眼点就在于措辞和写作风格，也就是观察文章使用的词汇、使用的结构、细节描写的程度、语言的正式程度等。相关问题如下： l The passage would most likely be found in l The passage was probably written by . l For whom is the passage
17、written?。,2018/11/16,19,6、作者的写作意图和态度问题法 回答这样的问题通常在文章主旨大意的基础，根据全文的意思进行推理。关于作者态度的有关问题文中描述作者态度倾向性的词汇是解题的关键。 63. This story wants to tell us that .(广东06NMET) 71. The main purpose of the passage is to _.（江苏06NMET）,2018/11/16,20,71. The main purpose of the passage is to _.（江苏06NMET） show how useful the bo
18、ok is B. explain what creativity is C. discuss how one can be creative D. tell what teaching aims at I find that creativity (创新)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency (流利程度).Creativity has become a popular word in recent years. Scholar in the arts, psychology (心理学) , business
19、, education, and science are all working to get a deeper understanding of it. (B),2018/11/16,21,7、篇章结构问题法 篇章结构的有关问题主要考察对文章写作逻辑的理解和归纳。例如：Which of the following is the correct order of? 和 How is the text organized?这类问题主要是考察文章的组织结构如：Chronological order, order of importance, compare and contrast, cause
20、and effect 和logical division等。关于. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?这类问题主要看文章的开头或文章的结尾。,2018/11/16,22,71、What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. Another class of fires B. Another type of extinguishers C. How fires break out. D. How
21、fires can be prevented. （Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.）（A）,2018/11/16,23,+阅读选择题 首先看问题。看问题时不用看问题的选项，通过问题确定问题的种类，确定阅读策略和解题策略。细节题可以边读边做，推理题根据具体题目要求用具体的解题策略。,2018/11/16,24,信息匹配 1、先看被匹配的5题信息要点。 2、再阅读匹配项（6项），边读边答。,2018/11/16,25,2018/11/16,26,2018/11/16,27,内文请用26号以上的字体,标题,2018/11/16,28,内文请用26号以上的字体,标题,2018/11/16,29,
