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六有机合成.doc

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1、第五章 卤代烷1. 用丁醇为原料合成下列化合物:(1)辛烷 (2)丁烷 (3)戊烷 (4)己烷。答案:OHNaBrH2SO4 LiEt2OCuIEt2O (1)MgEt2OH2O(2)(CH3)2CuLi (3)(CH32)CuLi(4) Br第六章 烯烃1 如何完成下列转变?(1) CH3BrCH3 CH32CH2Br(2) CH32C(H3)=CH2 CH32C(H3)2OCH3(3) CH32C(H3)=CH2 CH32CH(3)CH2OCH3O(4)(5) Br BrOH(6) HOCH22CH2=CH2 CH2I答案: (1) i)NaOEtNaOH i )HBr (2) i)Hg(

2、OAc)2,CH3O i)NaBH4,(3) i)HBri NaOCH3 ,CH3O (4) i)O3 i)Zn+HOAc(5) i)NaOEt.tOH i)Br2-H2O (6) I2, NaHCO32 写出下列反应中的产物,原料或试剂。 CH2CH3CH32CH CIH2C3CH32CH2(1)(2)(CH3)2CH2CH22CH2CH2 (CH3)2CH2CH22CH22CH3Br(3) OO(4) HBr,RO-RCH2Br(5)CH32CH=2 CH32CHOCH2(6)(CH3)2CH2CH22CH2=CH2 (CH3)2CH2CH22CH2CH2O(7)(CH3)2CH2CH22

3、CH2=CH2 (CH3)2CH2CH22CH2OHC3O3(8) Zn,H2答案: HI(1) (2)(3) (4)HBr,O2/Zn+HOAc(5) (6)Br2/H2O B2H6;2O2,H-(7) (8)Hg(OAc)2,H2O-THF;NaBH4 OOCH第七章 炔烃和二烯烃1 如何实现下列转变?(1)CHCH32CH2CH2 CH32CH2(2)CH2C3CH32OH CH32(3)CH32CH22OH CH32CH22COH3(4)CH32CH22OH答案:(1) )Br 2 )NaNH 2 , NH3CHHCH32OHHBrCH32BrNaH2HCNaHCCH2C3NaH2Et

4、Br TM( 2 ) (3) )HBr ) HCCNa ) H2SO4 , H2O(4) )HBr ) NaCCan ) H2 ,Pd/C2 下列化合物可由什么原料合成?(1) (2)CCNN H3C HCN(3) (4)OH3C CO2H3CH3CO2H3 OOO答案:(1) (2)+CNCN(3) (4)OCH3H3C +CO2CH3CH3O23 从指定原料合成下列化合物。(1) OC2H5(2)丙炔 1丁烯(3)环己烯 丙基环己烷(4)1-己炔 1,4-壬二稀+CN+OOO(5)乙炔及其他原料 (Z)9十三碳烯(雌性苍蝇的性引诱素)答案:(1)) H 2SO4 ,H2O ) NaOH ,

5、 CH3CH2Br 或者)Hg(OAc) 2 ,EtOH ) NaBH(2)CH3CHNaH2CH3CH3H2/Lindlar PdCH3CH3HBrCH32CH3|Br KOC(H3),OC(H3)TM(3)HBr Br(CH32CH2)CuLi CH22CH3(4)) NaNH 2 ) CH 2CHCH 2Cl ) H 2 ,Lindlar Pd(5)) NaNH2 ) CH2CH2CH2Cl ) NaNH2 ) CH3(CH2)6CH2Cl ) H2 ,Lindlar Pd第八章 芳 烃1 如何从苯或取代苯合成下列化合物?Br NO2 OCH3NO2NO2 ClCOH3(1) (2) (

6、3)ClCOH3 C(H3)NO2 C(H3)NO2(4) (5) (6)CH3答案: Br2/Fe BrHNO3/H2SO4Br NO21OCH3HNO3/H2SO4OCH3NO2NO22Cl2/FeCl CH3OClAll3ClCOH33CH3OClAll3 Cl2/FeCOH3Cl4 COH3(CH3)2C=H2,+C(H3)H2SO4/HNO3C(H3)NO25(CH3)2C=H2,+C(H3)H2SO4/HNO3C(H3)NO262 从苯或者甲苯合成下列化合物: NO2C(H3) Br COHNO2Br(1) (2) (3)COH3 CHCOHNO2(4) (5) (6)答案:(1)

7、NO2C(H3)(CH3)2C=H2H+ HNO3/H2SO4C(H3)(2) (CH3)2CHl/AlCl3CH(3)2NBS Br(3) HNO32S4 Br2.FeNO2 NO2BrKMnO4/H+ COHNO2Br(4) CH2=CH2BrAlBr3(5) CH3IAll3 (CH3O)2AlCl3 CHOCH3(6) CH3IAll3 HNO3 KMnO4/H+NO2 COHNO2CHOH第十章 醇和酚1下列化合物应如何合成?(1) (2) (3) (4)(5) (6) (7) (8)C6H5CH23 C6H5(CH3)2 CH32CH2C3CH3(2)4C(H2)4CH3CH32C

8、H2CH(3)2(C6H5)3CH2OCH32C C6H5CH23O O 3OO3H3OHO 3O答案:(1) C6H5CH23OCHOCH32BrMgCH32MgBr CHOMgBr23H3O乙C6H5C(H3)2OCH3OCH3MgBr C(H3)2OMgBr H3O(2)(3) CH32CH2C3OHCH3CH3MgBr H3OCH32CH2C3O CH32CH2C3OMgBrCH3(4) CH3(2)4C(H2)4CH33OH3OCH3O(CH2)4CH3CH3(2)4MgBrCH3(2)4C(H2)4CH33OMgBr(5) CH32CH2CH(3)2OH3OCH32CHO(CH3)

9、2CH2MgBrCH32CH2CH(3)2OMgBr(6) (C6H5)3CH2OH3O(C6H5)3CBrHCO(C6H5)3CH2OMgBr(7)CH32CH3OHCHH3OCHCH32CH3O CH32CH3OMgBrCHCMgBr(8)C6H5CH2C33OHH3OCH3OCH32MgBr CH32C3OMgBr2如何由下列原料合成 1-苯乙醇(C 6H5CH(OH)CH3?(1) 溴苯 (2)苯甲醛 (3)苯乙酮 (4) 苯乙烯答案:HCH2OMg CH3O CH3H3O(1)(2)(3)(4) OHC3MgCl CH3OHNaBH4CH3 CH3OH2OH+ CH3OHBrHO M

10、gBr3. 如何由下列原料合成 2-苯乙醇(C 6H5CH2CH2OH)?(1) 溴苯 (2)苯乙烯 (3)苯乙炔 (4)苯乙酸乙酯 答案: BrCH=2CCH2OEtHOMg H2O,+ OHH2O,H OHCH=2H2O,H OHEtONa C22OHH2S4 CH=2H2O,H(1)(2)(3)(4) (1)B26, diglymelindler (1)B26, diglyme (1)B26, diglymeTMOMgBr4. 如何完成下列转变。C(H3C)3 OC(H3C)3 CH3(1)Br CH2Br(2)OHC2H OH(3) OHC65 OHOHC65(4)答案: C(H3C)

11、3 O(1) CH3MgClC(H3C)3 OMgClCH3 H3O+C(H3C)3 CH3Br CH2Br(2) Mg MgBrHCO CH2OMgBrH2OH+HBrOHC2H OH(3) IO4 ONaBH4OHC65 OHOHC65(4) H2SO4 C6H5KMnO4H第十一章 醚1. 下列化合物应如何合成?(1) (2) (CH3)3CCH2OCH3O(3)C6H5COCH3|CH3答案:(1)ONa+CH32Br O(2)(CH3)CH2ONa+CH3I (CH3)CH2OCH3(3)|CH3CH23Cl2 ,hv CHl|2CH2ONa O32. 下列化合物应如何合成 ?(1)

12、 (C6H5)2CHOCH(C6H5)2 , (2) (C6H5)2COCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 ,(3) CH2=CHCH2OCH2CH=CH2答案:(1)C6H5O1)C6H5MgBr2)3O+(C6H5)2CHONaPBr3(C6H5)2CHONa(C6H5)2CHBr (C6H5)2CHO(C6H5)2(2)(C6H5)3COH+Na(C6H5)3CONa(CH3)2CH2CH2Br(C6H5)3COH2C2H(C3)2(3)CH2=CH2O+NaCH2=CH2ONaCH2=CH2BrCH2=CH2OC2H=C23. 下列化合物应如何合成?(1) (2)C6H5CH3|OCH22C

13、H3 OCH3(3) (4)C6H5C(H3)2|O2C3 CH32C(H3)2|O(C3)2答案:(1)C6H5C=H2+CH32CH2OH2SO4 -H2OC6H5COCH22CH3|C3(2)OCH3+CH3OH2SO4-H2O(3)C6H5C =H2|3 +CH33OHH2SO4-H2OC6H5COCH23|H3|H3CH32C(H3)2 + (CH3)2CHO COCH2(CH2)H3H2CH3H2SO4 -H2O(4)4. 下列化合物应如何合成?(1) (CH3)3COC(CH3) (对酸性试剂非常敏感)(2) (CH3)2CHCOCH2OCH3 (由 3甲基1丁烯)(3)(由苯)

14、 OHCH2=CH2ClNO2答案:(1)(CH3)2C=H2+(CH3)COH1) Hg(OAc)22)NaB4 (CH3)COC(H3)(2)(CH3)2CH=CH2CH3O3H OHCCH2(CH3)2 CH3O- (CH3)2CHCH2OCH3|OO (CH3)2CHOCH2OCH3(3)+H2SO4 SO3H1)NaOH2)3+ OHHNO32S4 OHNO2Fe ,Cl2 OHNO2Cl1)NaOH2)CH2=C2l OCH2=CH2ClNO2 OHCl CH2=CH2NO2第十二章 醛酮1. 写出在酸和碱催化下半缩醛生成的过程。答案:(1)在酸性条件下:RCHOH+RCHOH R

15、COHH ROHRCHOH2H+(2 在碱性条件下:RCHO RCOH RCHOHRO H2O OH- -2. 下列化合物可以从什么原料合成?O(1) (2) (3)(4)O CH3OCH2CH23O CH32COH2CH3OC(H3)(5)CH32COHCH2C33 (6)(CH3)2CHCHOO33答案:OO(1) (2) (3)(4) (5) (6)CH3CH3CH32CHOO, CH32CH3CH3OO,CH3)CHO, CH32CH2C3OCH32CHO, 2(CH3)2CHO3. 写出下列合成的中间产物或试剂。CH3 CH2OAlCl3?Zn-HgCl ?SOCl2H3 ClOAl

16、Cl3 CH(3)2 CH()3H3C?(1)?Zn-HgCl ? COO H2SO4Zn-HgCl ?Pd,?(2)?CH3CH3O(3) CHCH3(CH3)C(CH3)2O? ?OCOH? COH(CH3)C O答案: CH3(1)CH2C2OHO CH3CH22CH2OHH3COCH3MgCl3, , , ,PA,S,eCOH(2) OOO O, , , ,Ba(OH)2,(3) MgBr,H3Oa)NOH,I2b)3 a)CH3CH23b)AlCl3 PA. . . .4. 如何实现下列转变? CH32CH2O(1) CH32CHCH22CH3CH2OOCH32CH2OCH3 (CH

17、3)2CCH2C3CH3(2)CH3(CH2)CHO CH3(CH2)4CHO(3) HCCH22CH2O CH3CH22C(H2)4CH3OO(4)答案 :CH32CH2O(1) CH32CHCH22CH32OOOH CH2OCH32CH2OH32NaBH4CH32CH2OCH3(CH3)2CCH2C3(2) CH3MgCl3O(CH3)2CHC2H3B2H6,TF2O, (CH3)2CCH233(CH3)2CCH2C33 (CH3)2CCH2CH3OZn-Cu40-50OCH3MgBr3O OH2OCH3(2)CHO CH3(2)4CHO(3) NaBH4CH3(2)CH2OPBr3CH3

18、(2)CH2Br MgCH3(2)CH2MgBr OCH3(2)CH22CH2OMgBrH2OCH3(2)CH22CH2OCrO3PHCCH22CH2O CH3CH22C(H2)4CH3OO(4) HgSO424CH3CH22CH2OO OHCH3CH22CH2OO CH3CH22CHOOO CH3CH22C(H4)C3OOOCH3(2)4MgBrH3O H3O第十三章 羧酸1. 如何将 3-甲基丁酸转变成下列化合物?(1) 3-甲基丁酸乙酯(CH3)2CH2CO2H+C2H5OH+(CH3)2CH2CO2H5+H2O(2) 3-甲基丁腈(CH3)2CH2CO2H+NH3185(CH3)2CH

19、2CONH2+H2O(3) 3-甲基丁酰胺(CH3)2CH2CO2H+SOCl2 (CH3)2CH2COl+SO2+HCl(4) 3-甲基-1-丁醇(CH3)2CH2CO2H+NH3185(CH3)2CH2CONH2+H2O(CH3)2CH2CONH2 P4O102 (CH3)2CH2CN(5) 3-甲基丁酰氯(CH3)2CH2CO2H1LiAlH422O(CH3)2CH2CH2O(6)2-溴-3-甲基丁酸(CH3)2CH2CO2HP,Br2(CH3)CH2CO2HBr2. 如何实现下列转换?(1)C6H5Br C6H5CO2H(2)P-O2NC6H4C2l P-O2NC6H4C2OH(3)(

20、CH3)CH2Br (CH3)CH2COH(4)CH3CH22CH2Br CH3CH22CH2OHO答案:(1)C6H5BrMgEt2O1CO22H2C6H5CO2H(2)NO2 CH2l NaCH3O+NO2 CH2O2H(3)(CH3)CH2BrMgEt2O1CO22H3+(CH3)CH2CO2H(4)CH3CH22CH2BrO OHOHCOOH3 H2C2H2BrNaCH3O+CH3CH22CH2O2HO3. 如何实现下列转变?(1)(2)(3)(4) H3CCH3H3C CH2OHHOCH2 CH33答案:CH32CH2OH CH32COHCH32COH CH32CH2OHCH2 CH

21、OH(CH3)3CH2COH (CH3COCH3) O2N CH2CO2H (CH3 )COHCH3CH3 CH3CH3( ) HHHHCOHOHOCOC ( )(1) CH2+HBrRORKCNH3O+ CH2O2H(2) AgOH Br2H2OOCH32CO2HCO2AgCOH(3)CH32CO2H1LiAlH42H2OCH32CH2OPBr3KCNH3O+CH32CH2O2H(4)H3C3 CH3KMnO4,H2OCH2O2HH3CCH33O 1NaOH,I223+ CH2O2HHO2CCH334. 由指定原料合成下列化合物。(1) (2)(3) (4)答案:(1)CH3OTHFCH2=

22、CHO-Li+CH3OCH3H3C3(CH3)CH2CO (CH3)CH2CO2HLAD =CHO1)(CH3)2CuLi2)H2OAg(NH3)2+(2) CH3HNO3H2S4 CH3NO2Cl2,hvCH2lNO2NaCH3O+CH2O2HNO2(3)H2CCHCO2HOCH3CH3CO + HClAll3 CH3CH3CHOAg(NH3)2+ CH3CO2HC3(4) OOO HCO2HCO2HH2OOO KMnO4 H2O+ 2第十四章 羧酸衍生物1. 下列化合物应如何合成?(2) (3)(1)(用 C6H5COCH2Br 作原料) 答案:(1)CH2(CO2Et)21.)EtONa

23、,EtOH2.)CH3I CH3(CO2Et)2H3O+CH32COHCH2-CHO2HOBr2,PCl3CH3COHBr EtONa,EtOHCH2=CHOHC6H5CO3H(2)CH2(CO2Et)21.)EtONa,EtOH.)CH3C2BrCH3OCH(O2Et)2H3O+CH3OCH22CO2H(3) OC6H5CH3CH2OEtO1.)EtONa,EtOH2.)C6H5COH2BrCH3COEtO2C6H5EtONa,EtOH第十五章 胺1.如何实现下列转化?OC6H5CH3CH22CO2HO(1) CH3CH3 NH2CH3CH3H3C(2)(CH3)2CH2CH2Br (CH3

24、)2CH2CH2N2(3) (CH3)2CHO (CH3)CH2NHC2H2C3(4) (CH3)2CHN (CH3)CHNCH22CH233案: (1) CH3I/AlCl; HNO3/H2NSO4; Fe+HCl (2) NaC; LiAlH4 / (C2H5)2,H2 (3) NH2 ;Ni,2(4) CHO,NaBH3CN,H3O;HCO;NaBH3CN,H3O2.下列化合物应如何合成(1) C6H5C2N(CH3)2(2) C6H5C2N(3) C6H5N+(CH2)1CH2l-CH33(4) C6H5NCH(2H5)2案: 1 C6H5CO+HN(CH3)2NaBH3CNCH3OT

25、M2C6H5CO NaBH3CNC3O TM3 C6H5N(CH3)2+CH3(CH2)10CH2l TM4 C6H5C2 +(CH32)CONiH2 TMN+3.(1)CH2 N (2) C6H5C2NCH22CH22NH2 ( C6H5NCH3BrCH22CH2N)3 (3) (CH3)CH2C2NH2(CH3)CH2Br(4)HOCH2N2()CH(2)8CH3 CH2CH(2)8COH案:(1) SOCl LiAlH4 TM(2)C6H5C2NHC3+BrCH22CNLiAlH4TM(3)(CH3)CH2BrMgCO2SOCl2NH3LiAlH4TM(4)O+ CH3NO2OH- Ni

26、,H2TMCH2CH(2)8COH NH4.从指定的原料合成下列化合物.(1) CNCl(2) F OCH3FC(3) (4) NO2CH(3)2(5) C(H3)OH(6) NO2CH3ClHNO32S4Fe+HClNaO2+HCl CuNTM案:12OHHNO32S4 Fe+HClNaO2+HClHBF4+CH3)2SO4TM(3)OH NaOH+HNO32S4Fe+HClNaO2+HClHBF4+CH3)2SO4TMNaOH+4CH(3)2HNO32S4Fe+HClH3COlHNO32S4NaO2+HCl2H5O+TM5 CH33Cl+FeCl3HNO3+H2SO4 NaO2+HClFe

27、+HCl 2H5OTMHNO32S4Fe+HCl CH3OCl HNO32S4NaO2+HCl C2H5OTM6CH35.下列化合物应如何合成(1) COHNH2NH2CH3(2) NH2 O2NClNH2ClNH2 NO2NH2(3)案: (1)H3CNH2 CH3OCl KMn4O4H+ H2O+ TM(2) NH2C3OCl HNO3/H2SO4H2O- Cl- TM(3) NH2(CH3O)2 HNO3/H2SO4H2O- TM6.下列化合物应如何合成 N NN N OH(1)N NH(C3)2(2)NaO3S(3) NCOHN NH(C3)2答案:(1) NH22 NaO2H+ N=

28、NH NH2 ClN= NH2NaO2H+ N= N2ClOH N= N= OH(2) NH2 N(CH3)2NaO2H+ O3SNa N2ClSO3Na N= N(CH3)2O3SNa(3) COHN2NaO2+ COHN2l N(CH3)2 N=COH N(CH3)27.如何完成下列转变(1) CH3 CH3I BrCH3(2) CH3Br BrCH3NO2 H3C CH3(3)NH2(4) NO2Cl ClClNO2(5) BrBr Br BrCl(6) FNO2NO2案:1 HNO32S4 Fe+HCl CH3O2OBr2H2OH- NaO2HCl KI TMCH3CH3NH2Br2

29、NaO2HCl H3PO2TM(2) (1)3CH3NO2ZnNaOHH+ NaO2+HCl H3PO2TMNH2(4) Cl2 NaO2HBF4NaO2H2,CuTMNaO2ZnNaOHH+NO2(5) Fe,Br2 TMHBr CuBrClNaO2HBF4HNO32S4NH3 TM(6)8. 由适当的原料合成下列化合物:(3)(1)Cl COH (2) N(CH3)2H2NO2NBrIBr (4)BrBr BrBrNaO2+HClCl HNO3 H2SO4 TM案 : Fe+HCl CuNH2O+H+(1) ClTM(2) (1)NO2(CH3)2NHH2,NiBr23NH2 NaO2+HClHNO32S4 TM(CH3O)2 H2O KI2-Br2 H3PO24 NO2ZnNaOHH+ NaO2+HCl TM

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