1、母猪营养 Gilt and Sow Feeding,石格立博士 Dr. G.R. Stoner 正大集团 C.P. Group,后备母猪饲喂 Feeding Replacement Gilts,育成阶段 Rearing Period 配种前 Pre-mating 配种后 Post-mating,育成阶段,出生-160日龄，体重达115公斤窝仔数、环境、季节等等 160日-配种遗传、温度、公猪的刺激（成年公猪）,育成阶段 Rearing Period,后备母猪选育 Gilt Selection 生长快 Superior growth rate 背脂薄 Lower back fat,Diets f
2、ormulated to achieve cost efficient rapid growth may not provide sufficient nutrition to prepare a gilt for a long and productive breeding life,能够使猪高速生长的饲料未必能够提供后备母猪足够的营养，以使其维持长而高的产程。,Diets formulated to achieve cost efficient rapid growth may not provide sufficient nutrition to prepare a gilt for a
3、 long and productive breeding life,Gilts selected for breeding should be fed differently from market animals to maximize longevity and productivity 后备母猪应与商品母猪分开饲喂，以使其产程最长，产能最佳。,Genetic programs emphasizing increased leanness, plus production systems emphasizing earlier mating result in lower body re
4、serves as measured by back fat thickness,现代遗传研究使猪的瘦肉率越来越高、配种越来越早，但其身体储备却越来越差（背脂）。,Genetic programs emphasizing increased leanness, plus production systems emphasizing earlier mating result in lower body reserves as measured by back fat thickness,Gilts entering the breeding herd with greater fat rese
5、rves remain productive in the herd longer and have shorter farrowing intervals 进入种群的后备母猪，其被脂越厚则产程越长，分娩间隔越短。,留用率背脂的相关性 Sow Retention and Back Fat at 100 kg Body Weight,如何发挥后备母猪遗传性能 Replacement Gilt Productivity Recommendations ?,初配 Age at first mating? 体重 Body weight? 体况 Condition? 饲喂计划 Feeding progr
6、am? 记录 Records?,配种前 Pre-mating,排卵数是影响窝仔数的最主要因素 Ovulation rate is the primary factor influencing litter size 育成期饲喂量 Feed intake during the rearing period 催情补饲 Flushing,Increasing feed intake during the two weeks immediately prior to mating can increase the ovulation rate by as much as two ova,配种前两周增加
7、饲喂量会增加排卵数两个。,Increasing feed intake during the two weeks immediately prior to mating can increase the ovulation rate by as much as two ova,If feed is restricted during the rearing period, special emphasis should be placed on increasing feed intake ( 3.0Kg/day) during the two weeks immediately prior
8、to mating 如果在育成阶段限饲，配种前应特别强调增加饲喂量。（3公斤/天）,配种后 Post-mating,30%胚胎在妊娠期第1-25天死亡 Approximately 30% of all potentially viable embryos die during the first 25 days of gestation,配种后 Post-mating,30%胚胎在妊娠期第1-25天死亡 Approximately 30% of all potentially viable embryos die during the first 25 days of gestation配种后
9、的前72小时限料可能会改善胚胎死亡率（2.3公斤/天）Restricting feed intake ( 2.3 Kg/day) immediately following mating may improve embryo survival. The first 72 hours following mating appear to be critical.,哺乳期饲喂 Feeding During Lactation,分娩当天的饲喂 Feeding at farrowing 哺乳期的饲喂 Feeding during lactation 哺乳期的饲喂及以后母猪的生产性能 Feeding d
10、uring lactation and its effect on subsequent reproduction,采食与泌乳的相关 Effect of Feed Intake in Lactation on Milk Production,哺乳期采食量与繁殖性能的关系 Effect of Lactation Feed Intake on Reproductive Performance Post Weaning,哺乳期采食量对母猪的繁殖性能的影响 The Effect of Feed Intake During Lactation on Subsequent Reproductive Per
11、formance,提高哺乳期采食量 Increasing Nutrient Intake in Lactation,提高营养浓度 Increase energy density 控制环境温度 Control environmental temperature 提高蛋白水平 Increase protein level 妊娠期避免过多饲喂 Do not over feed in gestation 增加饲喂次数 Increase frequency of feeding,妊娠期饲喂量对哺乳期采食量的影响 Effect of Feed Intake During Gestation on Feed
12、 Intake During Lactation,断奶后饲喂 Feeding Post Weaning,Generally speaking, 2.0 kg of feed per day should be adequate for confinement sows. However, sows that have lost condition should be fed to appetite during the period from weaning to mating. 一般来讲2公斤饲料已经足够,但是体况较差的母猪从断奶到配种应该足量饲喂.,影响妊娠期饲喂量的因素 Factors
13、Affecting the Required Feeding Level During Gestation,体重及体况 Body weight and condition 环境 Environment 饲喂方式 Feeding method,饲喂量与体况 Feed Allowances According to Body Condition Score,环境温度对妊娠期饲喂需要量的影响 Effect of Environmental Temperature Below Thermoneutral on Feed Requirement in Gestation,总结 Conclusion:,猪
14、的遗传潜力在不断变化 The genetic potential of swine has changed提高瘦肉率已经影响到产能Increased emphasis on leanness has created a challenge to maximize reproductive efficiency新的饲喂原则：不限制母猪的瘦肉率、繁殖和产奶的潜能,以获取最大收益。New feeding strategies that do not limit the sows capacity for leanness, reproduction and milk yield must be used to maximize production and profit.,生殖季节曲线-采食季节曲线,
