1、Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Passage One AutoCAD,Passage Two The Computer in Die Design,Passage Three CAD/CAM,Passage Four Computer Integrated Manufacturing System,Passage Five CAE,Passage One AutoCAD,1,CAD is a technique of using a computer to create， modify，and refine a design. It， normally used in engin
2、eering departments， has greatly changed these departments. Drawings used to be made on paper with pencil or pen and drawing instruments . The drawings were very time -intensive to produce. They were then copied， and the copies were sent to the floor for production. The originals were stored in large
3、 drawers. Even a small job shop could have thousands of large blueprints on file . If changes were necessary， the engineer would get the original out of the file drawer， make the changes， copy it， and send the new print to,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,the floor. Nowadays the computer
4、can eliminate the need for all of the physical storage of prints. The computer also allows for rapid and easy modifications . The engineer or designer first draws the part on the screen of computer. This part drawing is the actual part geometry . The sizes and locations are all correct so that the i
5、nformation can be used later to create a program to machine the part. Actually， you can also draw the geometry of a workpiece with CAD software on a computer. You may create the design model by applying graphics commands stored in the computer. Fig.5 -1 is a typical part drawing interface of AutoCAD
6、 software. You have complete freedom to zoom and view the model at different,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Fig.5 -1 A typical part drawing interface of AutoCAD,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,orientations and then represent the design as a set of points， lines， arcs， and so on by using basic CAD software. Actually， g
7、raphics editing commands allow for easy modifications as required. AutoCAD is a Computer Aided Design（CAD） program used by just about every engineering and design office in the world. When you start AutoCAD， the AutoCAD window will open. The window is actually your design work space. How create a ne
8、w drawing with AutoCAD? Firstly， you choose “New” from the“File” menu . The dialogue box will appear in the command window underside of the AutoCAD window. Secondly， you can choose“Start from Scratch”， under “Select Default Setting” select“English” or“Metric”， and,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,then choose“O
9、K”. In this way， the drawing opens with the default AutoCAD settings. Finally choose“Save As” from the “File” menu and enter a file name， then you can save the drawing.The AutoCAD interface has several different components， each of which provides different information of command options for the user
10、（Fig.5 -2）. This diagram labels the most vital parts of the interface. See Tab.5 -1.,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Fig.5 -2 AutoCAD interface components,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE, CAD（computer aided design，计算机辅助设计）是美国Autodesk公司于1982年在计算机上开发的绘图软件包，经过不断地完善，现已成为国际上广为流传的绘图工具。 AutoCAD可以绘制任意二维和三维图形，与传统的手工绘图相比，用AutoCA
11、D绘图速度更快、精度更高。CAD技术已广泛应用于机械、电子、航空、航天、汽车、船舶、轻工、纺织、建筑等很多领域。 CAD is a technique of using a computer to create， modify， and refine a design. CAD是一种应用计算机生成、修改以及精化设计的技术。 The sizes and locations are all correct so that the information can be used later to create a program to machine the part. 尺寸和位置必须完全正确，这样
12、这些信息随后就可以用来编制加工该零件的程序。 “so that”引导一目的状语从句。例如:Speak louder so that everybody can hear you.,Notes:,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE, The AutoCAD interface has several different components， each of which provides different information of command options for the user（Fig.5 -2）. AutoCAD界面由几个不同部分组成，每个部分都可为用户提供不同的指令选
13、择信息（图5 -2）。 “which”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词“components”，“which”不能省略，也不能用that来代替。 provide . for .译为“为提供”。 This diagram labels the most vital parts of the interface. 下表列出了界面上最重要的几个组成部分。 this和these常指后面将要提到的事物，有启下的作用;that和those常指前面已经讲到的事物，起承上的作用。 例如:I will say this to you: He is an honest man. He felt ill. That
14、 is why he didnt come.,New Words and Expressions ：,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,modify m dif i v.更改，修改 refineri fain v.精炼，精化 drawing instrument绘图仪器 instrument instrum nt n.仪器;手段 time -intensive耗时的 floorfl n.车间 original rid n l n.原始图; adj.原始的 job shop加工车间 blueprint blu print n.蓝图，设计图 on file存档 nowadays nau
15、deiz adv.现今，现在 eliminatei limineit v.排除，消除,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,modification m difi kei n n.更改，修改 part drawing零件图 geometryd i mitri n.几何图形 program pr u r m n.（计算机）程序; v.编程序 machinem i n v.加工; n.机器，机床 software s ftw n.软件 interface int（）feis n.界面 zoomzu m v.缩放，放大; n.缩放 orientation（）rien tei n n.方向，方位
16、 graphics editing command图形编辑命令 drawing area绘图区域 frontview主视图 topview俯视图,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,computer aided design（CAD）计算机辅助设计 menu menju n.菜单 dialogue box对话框 scratchskr t n.草图 default setting默认设置 menu bar菜单栏 toolbar工具栏 coordinatek u dinit n.坐标 model tab模型空间 layout tab布局空间 status bar状态栏 property p
17、r p ti n.属性，性质 crosshairs kr sh z n.（瞄准镜）十字准线，交叉丝瞄准器,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,cursor k s n.光标，指针 diagram d i r m n.图表 label leibl n.标签; v.分类，标注 vital vaitl adj.重大的，至关重要的 redrawri dr v.重画，刷新屏幕 undo n du v.撤消，取消 linetype线型 lineweight线宽 layer lei n.图层 coordinate system坐标系 icon aik n n.图标 promptpr mpt n.提示
18、,Exercises：,Answer the following questions according to the text. 1. How is a new drawing created with AutoCAD? 2. How do you usually save the drawing? 3. Where is AutoCAD used? 4. What are the main components of the AutoCAD interface? 5. What are the functions of AutoCAD interface components?,Unit
19、Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Decide whether the following statements are true（T） or false（F） and put “T” or“F” in the brackets according to the text. 1. CAD is normally used in sales department. （ ） 2. Only big companies could have thousands of large blueprints on file. （ ） 3. The computer has got rid of the ne
20、ed for all of the physical storage of prints. （ ） 4. Generally speaking， the engineer or designer only draws a part on the computer at the beginning. （ ） 5. Using AutoCAD， you can create a new drawing. （ ） 6. AutoCAD is a computer aided design software used in engineering and design. （ ） 7. The Auto
21、CAD interface has a few different components which have different functions. （ ） 8. Status bar displays the cursor coordinates in the upper -right corner.,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,参考译文：,计算机辅助绘图软件,CAD是一种应用计算机生成、修改以及精化设计的技术。它通常用于工程部门，大大 改进了这些部门的工作。制图过去常常是用铅笔或钢笔以及绘图仪器在纸上完成的。制图 工作非常耗时，然后再复制，将复制品再拿到车间供生产使用。
22、原始图存于大型抽屉中，即 使是很小的加工车间也有大量的设计图存档。如果需要改动，工程师就从文件柜中取出原 始图修改并复制，再将新图送到车间。现在，有了计算机就不需要图纸实物存储了。计算机 也能让人们快速、方便地进行修改。 工程师或设计师首先在电脑屏幕上画图，这个零件图实际上就是零件的几何形体。尺 寸和位置必须完全正确,译,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,，这样这些信息随后就可以用来编制加工该零件的程序。事实上，设计者也能用CAD软件在计算机上绘制工件图。设计者可通过运用存储在计算机中的绘图命令创建设计模型。图5 -1是AutoCAD软件的
23、一个典型的零件图界面。设计者可在不同角度完全自由地缩放或察看模型，然后用基本的CAD软件表达一系列的点、线、圆弧等设计。图形编辑命令在需要时能很方便地修改图形。 AutoCAD是一种在世界范围内被每个工程和设计机关使用的计算机辅助设计（CAD） 程序。当设计者启动AutoCAD时，AutoCAD的窗口就打开。事实上，这个窗口就是设计者 的设计工作空间。,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,图5-1 CAD软件的典型零件图界面,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,怎样用AutoCAD创建新图形呢?首先，从“文件”菜单中选择“新建”，对话框将出现在AutoCAD窗口的命令窗口的下方
24、。其次，选择“新绘图形”，在“选择默认设置”中选择“英制”或“公制”，再选“确定”。这样，具有默认AutoCAD设置的图形就打开了。最后，从“文件”菜单中选择“另存为”且输入文件名，就可以保存图形了。 AutoCAD界面由几个不同部分组成，每个部分都可为用户提供不同的指令选择信息 （图5 -2）。下表列出了界面上最重要的几个组成部分。见表5 -1。,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,图5-2 AutoCAD软件的界面组成,Passage Two The Computer in Die Design,2,The term CAD is alternately used to mean
25、computer aided design and computer aided drafting . Actually it can mean either one or both of these concepts， and the tool designer will have occasion to use it in both forms. CAD computer aided design means using the computer and peripheral devices to simplify and enhance the design process. CAD c
26、omputer aided drafting means using the computer and peripheral devices to produce the documentation and graphics for the design process. This documentation usually includes such things as preliminary drawings， working drawings， parts lists， and design calculations .,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Unit Five C
27、AD/CAM/CAE,A CAD system， whether taken to mean computer aided design system or computer aided drafting system， consists of three basic components: hardware， software， and users. The hardware components of a typical CAD system include a processor， a system display， a keyboard， a digitizer， and a plot
28、ter . The software component of a CAD system consists of the programs which allow it to perform design and drafting functions. The user is the tool designer who uses the hardware and software to simplify and enhance the design process. The broad -based emergence of CAD on an industry -wide basis did
29、 not begin to materialize until the 1980s.,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,. However， CAD as a concept is not new. Although it has changed over the years， CAD had its beginnings almost thirty years ago during the middle 1950s. Some of the first computers included graphics displays . Now a graphics display is
30、a part of every CAD system. Graphics displays represented the first real step toward combining the world of tool design and the computer together. The plotters depicted in figure， represented the next step. With the advent of the digitizing tablet in the early 1960s， CAD hardware as we know it today
31、 began to take shape . The development of computer graphics software followed soon after these hardware developments.,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Early CAD systems were large， heavy， and expensive. So expensive， in fact that only the largest companies could afford them. During the late 1960s， CAD was look
32、ed on as an interesting， but impractical novelty that had only limited potential in tool design applications. However， with the introduction of the silicon chip during the 1970s， computers began to take their place in the world of tool design . Integrated circuits on silicon chips allowed full scale
33、 computers to be packaged in small consoles no larger than television sets. These minicomputers had all of the characteristics of full scale computers， but they were smaller and considerably less expensive. Even smaller computer called microcomputers followed soon after. The 1970s saw continued adva
34、nces in CAD hardware and software technology. So much so that by the beginning of the,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,1980s， making and marketing CAD systems had become a growth industry. Also， CAD has been transformed from its status of impractical novelty to its new status as one of the most important inven
35、tions to date. By 1980， numerous CAD systems were available ranging in sizes from microcomputer systems to large minicomputer and mainframe systems . As soon as the customer has transferred the part design to the moldmaker via the appropriate interface， the mold designer can design the mold around t
36、he part. The designer determines the size of the mold， whether moving parts are required， and the layout of cooling lines and gate locations， etc.， all in relation to the part geometry .All aspects of the mold design are stored in the computer and can be retrieved at any time.,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,
37、 CAD computer aided drafting means using the computer and peripheral devices to produce the documentation and graphics for the design process. CAD计算机辅助绘图是指用计算机和外部设备来产生设计过程的文件和图样。 本句为简单句，主语是“CAD computer aided drafting”，谓语“means”的宾语是“using the computer and peripheral devices to produce the documentat
38、ion and graphics for the design process”。 Integrated circuits on silicon chips allowed full scale computers to be packaged in small consoles no larger than television sets. 硅片上的集成电路使得在控制台上被组装起来的大规模集成计算机不比电视机大。 allowed . to do .译为“允许做”。 no larger than .译为“不比大，与大小一样”。 CAD has been transformed from its
39、 status of impractical novelty to its new status as one of the most important inventions to date. CAD已经从过去的华而不实变成如今最重要的发明之一。 be transformed from . to .译为“由转变成”。,Notes:,New Words and Expressions ：,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,computer aided drafting计算机辅助绘图 peripheralp rif r l adj.边缘的，周边的 documentation d kju
40、men tei n n.文件 graphics r fiks n.制图法，图形 preliminary drawing预制图 working drawing工作图 parts list零件目录表 design calculation设计计算 processor pr uses n.处理器，处理机 system display系统显示 keyboard ki b d n.键盘 digitizer did itaiz n.数字转换器 plotter pl t n.绘图仪,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,broad -based adj.无限的 industry -wide工业领域 ma
41、terializem ti ri laiz v.物化 graphics display图形显示 depictdi pikt v.描写，描绘 advent dv nt n.出现，到来 digitizing tablet数字化板 take shape成形 impracticalim pr ktik l adj.不切实际的 novelty n v lti n.新颖，新奇 tool design工具设计 integrated circuit集成电路,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,silicon chip硅片 consolek n s ul n.仪表板，控制台 television set
42、电视机 minicomputer minik m pju t（r） n.小型机 microcomputer m ikr uk m pju t（r）n.微型（电子）计算机 status steit s n.地位，情形 mainframe system主机系统，大型机 retrieveri tri v v.重新找到，恢复,Exercises：,Answer the following questions according to the text above. 1. What are the two different interpretations of the term CAD?What is
43、 the difference between these two concepts? 2. What are the three basic components included in a typical CAD system? 3. What is the hardware components included in a typical CAD system? 4. What function does CAD has when moldmaker designs the mold?,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Put the
44、 following words into English. 计算机辅助设计 外设 硬件 软件 用户 工具设计领域 集成电路 微机 小型机 巨型机 工业领域 CAD系统 预制图 系统显示,参考译文：,计算机在模具设计中的应用,CAD既可以指计算机辅助设计，又可以指计算机辅助绘图。事实上，它可指其中任何 一个也可以是两个概念都包含。工具设计者时常在两个方面都有使用。 CAD计算机辅助设计是指用计算机和外设使设计过程简化和强化。CAD计算机辅助 绘图是指用计算机和外部设备来产生设计过程的文件和图样。文件通常包括预制图、工作 图、零件目录表和设计计算。 无论是计算机辅助设计系统还是计算机辅助绘图系统
45、， CAD系 都是由三个基本部 分组成:硬件、软件、用户。典型CAD系统的硬件组成包括处理器、系统显示、键盘、,译,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,数字转换器和绘图机。CAD系统的软件由具有设计和绘图功能的程序组成。用户就是使用硬件 和软件使设计过程简化和强化的工具设计者。直到20世纪80年代，在工业基础领域大量涌现的CAD才开始实用化。然而，CAD并 不是一个新的概念。虽然已经过多年改变，约30年前在20世纪50年代中期CAD已有雏 形。最早的一些计算机包括图形显示。现在图形显示只是每个CAD系统的一部分。 图形显示代表了迈向工具设计与
46、计算机真正相结合的第一步。数字化绘图仪代表了相结合的第二步。在20世纪60年代早期，随着数字化板的出现，正如今天我们所知的CAD硬件开始成形。计算机绘图软件紧跟硬件的发展而发展。,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,早期的CAD系统巨大、笨重且价格昂贵，以致只有大公司才买得起。20世纪60年代后期，CAD被看成是能引起人的好奇心但华而不实，在工具设计应用中仅有有限的一点作用。然而，到了20世纪70年代，随着硅片的介入，计算机开始在工具设计领域占据一席之地。 硅片上的集成电路使得在控制台上被组装起来的大规模集成计算机不比电视机大。这些小型机具有大型机的所有特性，但机器变小了，而且也便宜得
47、多。一种叫做微机的更小的计算机很快随后出现了。 在20世纪70年代，CAD硬件和软件技术得到进一步发展。以至于到20世纪80年代初期，CAD系统的制作和销售已成工业增长点。而且，CAD已经从,Unit Five CAD/CAM/CAE,过去的华而不实变成如 今最重要的发明之一。到1980年，大量的CAD系统涌现，从微机系统到小型机和大型机系统，各种尺寸规格都有。 一旦客户通过适当的界面从零件设计转到模具制造，模具设计者就可根据零件设计模具。设计者确定模具的尺寸、活动件是否必要、冷却线路的布局和浇道口的位置等，这些都跟零件的几何图形有关。模具设计各方面的内容被存储在电脑中，且随时都可以调用。,P
48、assage Three CAD/CAM,3,Computer aided design/ computer aided manufacturing （CAD/CAM） refers to the integration of computer into the design and production process to improve productivity. The heart of the CAD/CAM system is the design terminal and re- lated hardware， such as computer， printer， plotter
49、， paper tape punch， tape reader， and digitizer. CAD/CAM is a unified software system， in which the CAD portion is interfaced inside the computer with the CAM system. Some of software packages are referred to as software modules and can be classified into three categories: operating systems， application programs， and user programs. .,
