1、复习课,1,outline,Unit 1 Fundamental Knowledge Unit 2 Plastics Forming and Mold Design Unit 3 Sheet Metal Forming,2,3,Unit 1 Fundamental Knowledge,Unit 1,New words and phrases silicon silikn . . n. 硅 manganese ,mgni:z, mgni:z . . n. 锰 sulfur slf . . n. 硫 phosphor fsf . . n. 磷 high-manganese steel. 高锰钢 s
2、tainless steel 不锈钢 chromium krumjm . . n. 铬 corrosion-resistant 耐腐蚀 molybdenum mlibdinm . . n. 钼 zinc zik . n. 锌,4,alloy l i . . n. 合金; v. 使.成合金,搀以劣质,减低成色 copper k p . . a. (紫)铜色的,铜(制)的; n. 铜,铜币,铜制品 brass br:s . . n. 黄铜 bronze brnz . . a. 青铜色的; n. 青铜; v. 青铜,青铜色,青铜器; vi. 使成青铜色 nickel nikl . . n. 镍,镍币
3、,五分镍币; v. 镀镍于 silver silv . . a. 银色的; n. 银; v. 镀银 carbon steel 碳钢 ductile dktail . . a. 易延展的,柔软的,5,Unit 1,deformation 变形 fracture. 断裂 screw skru: . . n. 螺丝钉 compression strength 压缩强度 tensile strength 拉伸强度 Shear strength 剪切强度 Torsion strength 扭转强度 Bend strength 弯曲强度 Fatigue strength 疲劳强度 Impact stren
4、gth 冲击强度 Plastic deformation 塑性变形,6,Unit 1,Ductility 延展性 Hardness 硬度 scratch skrt . . n. 抓痕 turning t:ni . . n. 车削 drilling drili . . n.,钻削 Milling 铣削 Shaping 刨削 broaching. . 拉削,拉孔 gringding n. 磨削 lapping and polishing 研磨和抛光 tungsten tstn . . n. 钨,钨锰铁矿,金属元素,7,Unit 1,Translations (1) Tool steel （工具钢）
5、which is a special group of high carbon steels produced in small quantities to high quality specifications. Tool steels are used for a wide range of cutting tools and forming dies. （工具钢是一种量少质优的特殊高碳钢，广泛应用于切割工具和成型模具。） (2) Compression strength（压缩强度）the ability to resist forces which tend to squeeze（压缩、
6、挤） the material into a new shape. It is basically the opposite of tensile strength. Excessive compression force will cause the material to rupture（破裂、断裂）(buckling 变形、弯曲and splitting 爆裂).,8,Unit 1,(3) Bend strength（弯曲强度）the ability of a material to resist the combination of tensile and compression fo
7、rces. When a material is bent, the material on the inside of the bend must compress（压缩） while that on the outside portion must stretch（伸展）. A material must have bend strength to undergo bending processes.,9,Unit 1,(4) hardening is a process of heating a piece of steel to a temperature within or abov
8、e its critical range and then cooling it rapidly to increase its hardness and tensile strength, to reduce its ductility, and to obtain a fine grain structure. （淬火是把钢加热到临界温度以上然后快速冷却以提高钢的硬度，抗拉强度，降低钢的韧性获得细小晶粒结构的一种工艺）,10,Unit 1,(5) In electrical-machining processes the tool material can be softer than t
9、he work material, and the economical removal rate is independent of（独立于，与无关） the hardness of the work material. These are the most notable advantages of these processes. (6) Any material, whatever its hardness, can be machined provided(假如，如果，若) it conducts electricity. 任何材料，无论它有多么硬，只要它是导电体就能采用电解法加工。
10、,11,Unit 1,12,Unit 2 PLASTICS FORMING AND MOLD DESIGN,New words and phrases Injection molding 注射成型 mold cavity 模具型腔 hopper hp . . n. （料斗）漏斗(槽,斗仓,送卡箱,贮水槽,计量器) cylinder silind . n. （料筒） 汽缸,圆筒,圆柱体 reciprocating screw 往复式螺杆 sprue spru: 主流道 dwelling dweli . n. 保压 stationary and moving platens 定模固定板、动模固定板
11、,13,Unit 2,ejector pins 顶出杆 cooling channels 冷却水道 ejector stopper 顶出限位块 ejector plate 推板 stop pin 止位销 push rod 推杆 ejector guide pin 导柱 gas spring holder 气压弹簧器 core plate 型芯板 hydraulic knock-out system 液压顶出机构 demould state 开模状态,14,Unit 2,locating ring 定位圈 sprue bushing 主流道衬套 core retainer plate 定模底板
12、mounting plate 固定板 ejector plate 推板 sprue pulle 拉料杆 guide pillar 导柱 core k: 型芯 undercut ndkt 倒扣，凹孔 heel block 楔紧快 cam pin 斜导柱,15,Unit 2,impression 型腔 feed system 浇注系统 sprue spru: . n. 主流道 runner rn(r) . . n. 分流道 gate geit . n. 浇口 viscosity visksiti n. 粘度,粘性,16,Unit 2,17,Unit 2,1locating ring(定位圈)；2s
13、prue bushing(浇口套)；3clamp plate(底板)；4cavity retainer plate(型腔定板)；5core retainer plate(型芯定板)；6support plate(支撑板)；7mold support(模脚)；8ejector pin retainer plate(推杆固定板)；9ejector plate(推板)；10sprue puller pin(拉料杆)；11ejector pin(推杆)；12guide pillar(导柱)；13core insert(型芯镶件)；14cavity insert(型腔镶件)；15waterway(水道)
14、；16piston(活塞杆)；17cold slug well(冷料井)；18gate(内浇口)；19runner(流道)；20sprue(浇口),18,Unit 2,Translations (1) The mold system consists of tie bars, stationary and moving platens, as well as molding plates that house the cavity, sprue and runner systems, ejector pins, and cooling channels.(模具包括拉杆、定模固定板、动模固定板以
15、及开设有型腔、主流道、分流道、顶出杆和冷却水道的成型模板) (2) An injection molding machine consists of four basic parts： the clamping unit（合模机构）, mold（模具系统）, plasticating unit（模塑系统）, hydraulic system（液压系统）.,19,Unit 2,(3) During the injection phase, plastic material, usually in the form of small pellets are loaded into a hopper
16、（料斗） on top of the injection unit. The pellets feed into the the cylinder（料筒） where they are heated until they reach molten form. Within the heating cylinder there is a reciprocating screw（往复式螺杆） that mixes the molten pellets and forces them to end of the cylinder. Once enough material has accumulat
17、ed（积聚，堆积） in front of the screw, the injection process begins. The molten plastic is inserted into the mold through a sprue（主流道）, while the pressure and speed are controlled by the screw.,20,Unit 2,(4) In the closed position, the product-forming surfaces of the two mold halves define（定义、解释） the mold
18、 cavity（模具型腔） into which the plastic melt is injected via（经由、通过） the runner system and the gate. (5) The ejector plate 11 comes to a stop, while the left half of the mold containing the molded products continues to the left. The ejector pins（顶杆）1 attached to the ejector plate 9 now push the molded p
19、roducts of the cores.,21,Unit 2,(6) The cavity and core give the molding its external and internal shapes respectively, the cavity and core n imparting（给予，传授） the form to the part. The ways of cavity and core could be assembly（集合，装配） into the mould be introduced in this article, which fell under（归入）
20、 two main headings, namely（即，也就是） the integer（整体式） method and the insert（镶嵌式） method. Another method by which the cavity can be incorporated is by means of split inserts（拼块） or slide（滑块）.,22,Unit 2,(6) As the mold closes, the ejector system and the slide 3 are returned to their original positions by
21、 the return pin（回位销） and cam pin（斜导柱） 2, respectively. (7) The insert cavity（镶拼式型腔） consists of small blocks of steel. These small blocks of steel are known, after machining, as inserts（镶件）, and the one which forms the male part（公模） is termed the core insert（型芯镶件）, conversely, the one which forms th
22、e female part（母模） the cavity insert（型腔镶件）.,23,Unit 2,(8) For components of very simple form it is often practical to use one design for one of the mould plates and the alternative design for the other. For example, consider a muti-impression mould for a box-type component. The cavity plate could be
23、of the integer design to gain the advantages of strength, thereby allowing a smaller mould plate, while the core plate could be of the insert-bolster design which will simplify machining of the plate and allow for adjustments according to requirement of design.,24,Unit 2,一种非常简单且具有很多优点的设计形式是采用一种形式设计模
24、板，而采用另一种形式设计模具的其他部分。例如，采用箱形组件设计多腔模具。型腔板设计成小型整体式模板，满足模具高强度的要求，型芯板则设计成镶拼式，可以简化模板加工过程，并且能根据模具需要进行调整。,25,Unit 2,(9) A typical feed system for a four-impression, two plate-type mould is shown in Fig 9-1 and Fig 9-2. It is seen that the material passes through the sprue, main runner, branch runners and ga
25、te before entering the impression. （图9-1 和图9-2 是典型的两板式四腔模的浇注系统，熔融塑料通过主流道，分流道，浇口进入型腔）,26,Unit 2,(10) As the temperature of molten plastic is lowered（降低） while going through the sprue and runner, the viscosity（粘度、黏性） will rise; however, the viscosity is lowered by shear heat generated when going throu
26、gh the gate to fill the cavity. 熔融塑料通过主流道和分流道时温度降低而使熔体黏度升高，然而，熔体通过浇口填充型腔时，由于剪切作用产生的热量又使黏度降低。,27,Unit 2,(11) The gate has the following functions: restricts（约束、限制） the flow and the direction of molten plastic; simplifies（简化） cutting of a runner and moldings to simplify finishing of parts; quickly coo
27、ls and solidifies（固化） to avoid backflow（倒流） after molten plastic has filled up in the cavity. 浇口有以下作用：约束熔融塑料流动，引导熔融塑料的流动方向；使分流道和塑件末端易于分离；快速冷却固化，防止熔融塑料充满型腔后倒流。,28,Unit 2,(12) The parting surface（分型面） of a mould are those portion of both mould plates, adjacent（相邻的） to the impressions, which butt（对接） t
28、ogether to form a seal（密封） and prevent（防止） the loss of plastic material from the impression. The parting surface is classified as flat, slope surface, step surface, curve surface. 分型面指形成模具型腔的两块模板的接触表面，这两块模板形成一个密封型腔， 防止熔融塑料从型腔中溢出，分型面分为平面，斜面，阶梯面，曲面四种形式。,29,Unit 2,30,Unit 3 sheet metal forming,New word
29、s and phrases pressworking n.压力加工 stamping stmpi n. 冲压件(模锻,冲击制品)；冲压；压模；印花 clearance klirnsn. 清除,解除; 间隙,径向间隙 angular pin:角梢,倾斜梢,交梢（倾斜梢）,斜位销、斜导销 stripper stripn. 模板(脱模机,剥皮器,卸料器),推板,剥离器,解吸塔 flange flndn. 法兰,边缘,轮缘,凸缘 v. 装凸缘,31,Unit 3,washer w n. 垫圈,洗涤机,垫片 upper shoe上底板,上模座 punch holder (upper shoe) 上模座
30、lower shoe下底板,下模座 tapered teipd a. 锥形的(尖削的,楔形的,渐缩的,斜的);圆锥滚子 shedder ed n. 卸件装置,使.流出的人,倒注者,脱壳期的蟹 shoulder screw带肩螺钉 oil seal 油封装置 misalignment mislainmntn. 不重合(不对准,角误差,偏心率,误差方向),32,Unit 3,plunger plnd n. 活塞,柱塞,压料柱塞,插塞,动铁芯 plunge 翻孔 crank krk n. 曲柄,曲柄轴v.用曲柄启动或转动 eccentric iksentrik n. 偏心盘, 偏心,怪人a. 偏心的
31、;古怪的,反常的 toggle tgl 乒乓开关,触发器;切换 piston pistn n. 活塞，柱塞,控制活塞 coining die 压印模,精压模具 flywheel flaiwi:l n. 调速轮,惯性轮,飞轮,33,Unit 3,lead screw n. 导杆(螺杆,丝杠),进给丝秆 driving disc 传动盘,主动片,主动盘 shut height 闭合高度 dimensional tolerances 尺寸公差 quotation kwutein n. 引语,语录; 报价单; 行情表,34,Unit 3,35,Lesson 12 SHEAR OPERATION AND
32、 DIE,1Lower shoe;2,5Guide bushings;3Cavity plate;4Guide pins;6Spring-loaded stripper;7Punch;8Support plate;9Punch bushing;10Fan-shaped block;11Fixed plate;12Punch-holder plate;13Backing plate（动模底板）;14Spring;15Stepping bolts;16Upper shoe;17shank（模柄）,Translations (1) Stampings（冲压件） are produced by the
33、 downward stroke（冲程） of a ram（滑块） in a machine called a press（压力机）. The ram is equipped with special punches（冲模） and moves toward（向，朝） and into a die block（凹模固定块，模座）, which is attached to a rigid bed. Pressworking operations are usually cold-worked at room temperature or in some cases hot-worked at
34、an elevated（升高的，提高的） temperature that does not exceed（超越） the annealing temperature of the metal.,36,Unit 3,(2) The metal is subjected to both tensile and compressive stresses, stretching（伸展，伸长） beyond the elastic limit occurs, then plastic deformation（变形）, reduction in area, and finally, fracturing
35、 starts through cleavage planes（裂开面） in the reduced area and becomes complete3. 金属受到了拉伸和压缩两种应力，超过弹性极限后开始发生伸长变形，然后进入塑性变形，以及断面收缩，最后破坏从缩小的断面上的裂开面开始直到完全断开。,37,Unit 3,(3) Any complete press tool, consisting of a pair (or a combination of pairs) of mating members（配合零件、部分） for producing pressworked (stampe
36、d) parts（冲压件）, including all supporting and actuating elements of the tool, is a die. Pressworking terminology（术语） commonly defines the female part of any complete press tool as a die（凹模）.,38,Unit 3,(4) The guide pins（导料销）, or posts（导柱）, are mounted in the lower shoe（下模座）. The upper shoe（上模座） contai
37、ns bushings（导套） which slide on the guide pins. The assembly of the lower and upper shoes with guide pins and bushings is a die set（模架）. 导料销或导柱安装在下模座上。导套装在上模座上且可以沿导柱滑动。上、下模座（带有导柱和导套）组合成模架。,39,Unit 3,(5) A workpiece to be pierced（冲孔） is commonly held and located in a nest（定位板） (Fig 12-5) composed of f
38、lat plates shaped to encircle（环绕、包围） the outside part contours（轮廓）. 需要冲裁的工件通常被置于一个嵌板中定位，这个板是由包围工件外形形状的平板所构成。 (6) A complete press tool（完整的冲压模具） for cutting a hole or multi-holes in sheet material at one stroke（冲程） of the press, as classified and standardized by a large manufacturer as a single-stati
39、on piercing die（单工位冲孔模） is shown in Fig 12-5.,40,Unit 3,(7) The design of a small blanking die shown in Fig 12-6 is the same as that the piercing die of Fig 12-5 except that a die replaces the die bushings（凹模衬套） and the two piercing punches（冲孔凸模） are replaced by one blanking punch（落料凸模）.,41,Unit 3,(
40、8) On the upstroke of the ram, the upper end of the knockout rod（推杆） strikes an arm on the press frame（结构，骨架，机身）, which forces the lower end of the rod downward, through the die, and ejects the finished blank from the die cavity. 在压力机滑块回程时，推杆的上端将撞到固定在压力机机身上的打杆，推杆下端向下施力，通过模具使冲制的零件从模腔内推下。,42,Unit 3,43
41、,Unit 3,(9) Bending and forming may be performed on the same equipment as that used for shearing，namely, crank（曲柄）, eccentric（偏心盘）, and cam（凸轮） operated presses. Where bending is involved the metal is stressed in both tension and compression at values below the ultimate strength of the material with
42、out appreciable（可感知的，明显的） changes in its thickness1. 弯曲变形的材料受到低于极限强度的拉伸和压缩两种应力的作用，而材料的厚度并没有发生明显的变化。,44,Unit 3,(10) Metal sheet or strip, supported by a V block (Fig 13-1(a), is forced by a wedge-shaped punch into the block. This method, termed V bending, produces a bending having an included（包括的，内藏的
43、） angle which may be acute（锐角）, obtuse（钝角）, or of 90. Friction（摩擦力） between a spring-loaded knurled pin（弹簧压销） in the vee（V形） of a die and the part will prevent or reduce side creep（偏移） of the part during its bending2. 放置在V形支撑块的板料或条料在楔形冲头的作用下压入V形凹模，这类弯曲方式称为V形弯曲（图13-2）。V形弯曲能够生产带有钝角、锐角或直角的弯曲件。V形模具内的弹簧加
44、载压销和零件之间的摩擦力将阻止或减少弯曲时零件边缘的移动。,45,Unit 3,(11) In that（由于） all material have a finite modulus of elasticity, plastic deformation is followed, when bending pressure on metal is removed, by some elastic recovery4 (see Fig 13-3). In bending, this recovery is called springback. 由于所有材料都有一定的弹性模量，因此能当金属上的弯曲力
45、去除以后，塑性变形都会跟随有一定的弹性回复。,46,Unit 3,(12) Springback may be corrected by over-bending an amount such that when the pressure is released, the part will return to its correct shape. Springback is more pronounced（显著的） in large-bend radii. The minimum-bend radius varies according to the ductility and thickn
46、ess of the metal.,47,Unit 3,(13) A forming die, designed to bend a flat strip of steel to a U-shape, is shown in Fig 13-5. As the punch descends（下降） and forms the piece, the knockout plate（顶料板） is pressed down, compressing the spring at the bottom of the die. When the punch moves up, the plate force
47、s the work out of the die with the aid of spring5. 随着凸模下行成形出零件，顶料板被向下压使凹模底部的弹簧受到压缩。当凸模回程时，顶料板在弹簧的作用下将工件从凹模中顶出。,48,Unit 3,(14) Drawing is a process of changing a flat, precut（按规格裁切） metal blank into a hollow vessel（容器） without excessive wrinkling, thinning, or fracturing. The various forms produced m
48、ay be cylindrical or box-shaped with straight or tapered sides（锥形壁） or a combination of straight, tapered, or curved sides. 拉深是指把一定形状的金属平板制成空心零件而不发生起皱、变薄或开裂现象的冲压工序。不同形状的拉深可得到侧壁不同的圆柱形或盒形制件，这些侧壁的形式有：直壁、锥形壁、直壁和锥形的混合侧壁以及曲面壁。,49,Unit 3,(15) Most drawn parts start with a flat plate of metal. As the punch
49、is forced into the metal, severe tensile stresses are induced into the sheet being formed. At the same time the outer edges of the sheet that have not engaged（参与，齒合，接触） the punch are in compression and undesirable wrinkles tend to form. This must be counteracted（抵消，消除） by a blank holder（压边器） or pressure plate（压力板）, which holds the flat plate firmly in place (Fig 14-2).,
