1、非限定性定语从句,Objectives,Find out the differences between Defining and Non-defining Clauses (限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别）,本课目标： 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的不同。非限制性定语从句的易错点。,The Vikings were a group of people _ ancestors came from Scandinavia. He then set sail further to an island _ is now known as Newfoundland. Our porters
2、 carry your luggage, _ means that you can simply enjoy your trip.,whose,which/that,which,Revision:,She is the one _ you never forget.A. which B. whose C. that D. when 2. She is the heaven-sent angel _ you met. A. / B. which C. whose D. Where 3. She must be the reason _ God made a girl. A. that B. wh
3、y C. when D. which,that,/,why,定语从句（attributive clause）,1. He then set sail further to an island which is now known as Newfoundland. 2. Our porters carry your luggage, which means that you can simply enjoy your trip.,Task one:,I study in Sanshui Experimental School, _ is a very beautiful school. 2. T
4、he school _ is the largest in Sanshui is Sanshui Experimental School. 3. The man _ is a lawyer is Marys father. 4. Marys father, _ is a lawyer, is a strong man. 5. Yao Ming, _ height is over 2 meters, won the honor in NBA with his hard work and skills. 6. I met Professor Wang this morning, with _ I
5、went to the same meeting.,讨论：1. 1&2,3&4句形式上有什么不同？2. 把定语从句去掉对各句话分别有什么影响？3. 非限制性定语从句有哪些引导词？,which,which/that,who/that,who,whose,whom,The thief, who fell off the ladder, was arrested by the police. The thief who fell off the ladder was arrested by the police.,The customers who arrived after 9 werent al
6、lowed into the sale. The customers, who arrived after 9, werent allowed into the sale.,We stopped at the only pub in the village which had a front garden. We stopped at the only pub in the village, which had a front garden.,Lets summarize!,Lets summarize!,无逗号隔开。,有逗号隔开。,限定修饰，如省略，则主句意思表达不完整。,补充说明，如省略，
7、主句仍能表达完整的意思。,人：who,whom, whose,物：which，that,物：which,不能用that,人：who,whom, whose,He doesnt wear shoes _ make him different from others. He doesnt wear shoes, _ makes him different from others. Jerrys girlfriend _ is a nurse works in downtown. Jerrys girlfriend, _ is a nurse, works in downtown. We picke
8、d up Professor Li in the Li Jing Hotel, _ there was a meeting being held. They broke up last night, _ it was raining heavily outside. He lost his money, for _he couldnt buy some food for lunch.,讨论：1. 第1&2句中定语从句修饰的对象有什么不同？2. 第3&4句的含义有什么不同？3. 非限制性定语从句有哪些关系副词。,Task two:,which/that,which,who/that,who,wh
9、ere,when,which,Lets summarize!,Lets summarize!,修饰名词或代词,除修饰名词或代词外还可以修饰整个主句,译成先行词的定语：“的”,通常译成主句的并列句。,When, where, why,when, where, for which,“非限定”使用须知1. 从句中所有的关系词都不可省略2. 从句通常不能用that引导3. 在“非限定”中, 指人的关系代词作宾语时, 只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换, 也不能省略。4. 从句不能用why引导, 要用 for which 代替why5. 从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导; 而要用关系代词 as
10、 引导 (as可放主句前, 也可放主句后),要点归纳,Marco Polo, who was a merchant, travelled all round China. He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.,D,6. Underline the relative clauses in these sentences and decide if they are defining (D) or non-defining (ND). Translate them into Chinese.,ND,3. The
11、bus which was full of tourists stopped near the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 4. Melissa lent me the money, which was very generous of her.,ND,D,5. The ground is covered with snow and ice, which makes driving very dangerous. 6. I met the famous professor in the hotel, where the meeting was held.,ND,ND,Join
12、 the sentences using a suitable relative pronoun and decide if the new sentence has a defining (D) or a non-defining (ND) clause.,Marco Polo was healthy and strong when he left for China. He was just seventeen.,Marco Polo, who was just seventeen at the time, was healthy and strong when he left for C
13、hina. (ND),2. On the silk Road they met a merchant. The merchant was selling leopard skins.,On the Silk Road they met a merchant who was selling leopard skins. (D),3. Marco finally arrived back in Venice. He was forty-one by then.,Marco, who was forty-one by then, finally arrived back in Venice. (ND
14、),4. Kublai Kahn was a ruler. He was feared by many people.,Kublai Kahn was a ruler who was feared by many people. (D),5. Mary had never been to Beijing before. She loved the Forbidden City.,Mary, who loved the Forbidden City, had never been to Beijing before. (ND),That is the place where Marco Polo
15、 lived. (D),7. That is the place. Marco Polo lived there.,6. Alison was the student. She wrote the project about Marco Polo.,Alison was the student who wrote the project about Marco Polo. (D),非限制性定语从句的易错点,总结三,_ we all know, China is a country with a large population.,As,这是一个定语从句提前的句子， 由as引导; 理解为“正如，
16、如同”,试翻译：正如所报道的，医生们已经找到了治疗这种病的方法。,As is reported, doctors have found the way of curing the disease.,1) I have a sister who works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐）,2) I have a sister, who works in a hospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。 （只有一位姐姐）,注意1：有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,His father, who works in Beijing,
17、 came back yesterday.,Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.,注意2:当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,as 和 which 可指代整个主句 (= and this / and that)as 可放在句中或句首, which 只放在句中 _ we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us.,As,which,注
18、意3: as / which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别,关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。 As we all know, he is a famous scientist. As is expected, he is a diligent boy. She has the same book as you have.,as 引导非限制性从句，常意为“正如”。 可出现在句首、句中、句末。常见结构有：,as is known to all as is often the case as m
19、ight / could be expected as has been said before as has been mentioned above as has been pointed outas can be imagined as can be seen (from these figures) as often happens as will be shown,这是常有的事,正如人们所预料的,正如上面所提到的,正如前面所说的,正如所指出的,正如所示,The earth is round. _ is known to all.The earth is round, _ is kno
20、wn to all._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round._ is known to all is that the earth is round.,It,which / as,As,It,Compare:,(定从),(形式主语),What,This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,注意4：非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较,1) H
21、e failed in the exam. _ made his parents angry. 2) He failed in the exam, _ made his parents angry.,3) He has two sons. Both of _ areteachers. 4) He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,注意5：定语从句和其他从句的比较,Put the book _ it is when you have finished reading.A. which B. where
22、 C. in which D. at the place,(地点状语从句),When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where,(地点状语从句),Lets practice!,短文填空,写作提升,1. Promote your writing: translate some sentences with non-defining attributive clauses.,1) 众所周知，随着社会的发
23、展,我们的生活每天都在改变。 2) 李华，学习英语10年，以他流利的英语获得了第一名。 3) 学校的新图书馆，于去年9月建成，到现在已经有收集了逾15万的藏书。 4) 有些人反对这个计划，大概占总人数的40%。,写作提升（划线部分用非限定性定语从句完成）,1. 众所周知，随着社会的发展,我们的生活每天都在改变。,2. 李华，学习英语10年，以他流利的英语获得了第一名。,3. 学校的新图书馆，于去年9月建成，到现在已经有收集了逾15万的藏书。,4. 有些人反对这个计划，大概占总人数的40%。,1. As we all know, our life is changing with the dev
24、elopment of the society.,2. Li Hua, who has studied English for 10 years, won the first prize with his fluent English.,3. The new library of our school, which was completed in September last year, has collected more than 150,000 books.,4. Some people are against the plan, which takes up 40% of the t
25、otal number.,I was doing my chemistry exam, _ was really difficult for me. My desk mate, _ was one of the top students in the class, did it very quickly, _ made me more nervous. I saw many definitions and signs in the exam paper, some of _ didnt look like chemistry at all. My teacher, Lisa, _ taught
26、 us something _ I couldnt remember, was staring at me. However, I finally wrote something and handed it in in the last minute, _ my desk mate asked me a question “Hey, how were you doing in the biology exam just now” ，_ knocked me out(使昏迷).,which,which,which,who,who,that,when,which,Complete the passage with proper words.,Thank you!,Homework,Use what you have learned today to finish Ex. 6 on P27 in your textbooks.,
