1、Book 2 Unit 1 Grammar,Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句,Compare the two sentences in the same group and find out the differences between them.,Discuss & Summarize (group work),Group 1: The old man has a son, who is in the army. The old man has a son who is in the army. Group 2: My younger
2、 brother who is 18 years old is a college student. My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student.,Group 1: The old man has a son, who is in the army. The old man has a son who is in the army.,第一组： A中的从句是非限制性定语从句，是对先行词的补充说明。整个句子的意思是：这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。（隐含的意义：只有一个儿子） B中的从句是限制性定语从句，作用是对先行词
3、son进行限定、修饰。整个句子的意思是：这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。（隐含的意思：也许还有其他的儿子，在干别的工作）,Group 2: My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student. My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student.,第二组： 虽然两句的表达顺序完全相同，但是由于停顿和语调的变化，造成的定语从句与主句关系的紧密程度发生变化。 A句可以翻译成：我18岁的那个弟弟是大学生。从句是限制性定语从句，是限定性定语从句限定了先行词的意义，明
4、确是18岁的那个弟弟（而不是其他的，即有可能还有几个弟弟）。 B可以翻译成：我弟弟是大学生，今年18岁。,温馨提示：某些句子用了逗号为非限制性定语从句, 同没有用逗号的相比，意义有很大区别。,1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。（不只一位姐姐）,2. I have a sister , who works in a hospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一位姐姐）,3. He has a brother, who lives in Beijing.4. He has a brother who live
5、s in Beijing.,他有一个哥哥,住在北京。,他有一个住在北京的哥哥。 （可能有几个哥哥,其中一个是住在北京的。）,More examples:,非限制性定语从句: 对先行词进行补充说明,关系不是十分紧密,省去对主句没有多大影响.而限制性定语从句: 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的部分,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整。,Non-restrictive attributive clause: A clause that adds extra information to the main clause of a sentence.,His mother, who loves him very m
6、uch, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.,这两句可否去掉逗号变成限制性定语从句？,限制性,非限制性,限制性,限制性,限制性,非限制性,非限制性,非限制性,1. The famous basketball star, _ comes from America, will visit our school soon. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr black,with _ she had a wonder
7、ful time.,whom,who,Practice,3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot. 4. Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city.,which,Practice,which,5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.,where,when,Practice,7. John said h
8、ed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. 8. _ we all know, he is good at English.,As,which,Practice,非限制性定语从句考点归纳：,as 和which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句。,1. As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history. 众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。,Example:,2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是个教
9、师, 这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。 3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。,4. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. 他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。,Conclusion,1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时, as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。,2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于： (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首
10、,中,末,which引导的定语从句不放在句首。 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。另外,as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。,Practice,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. 2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. _ is expected, the England
11、 team won the football match.,As,which,which,4. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. 5. _ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.,which,As,II. all / some/ of + whom / which引 导非限制性定语从句,Example:,He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long
12、 Match. 2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.,Conclusion,在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。,1. Many students in this school
13、, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets. 2. There are 57 students in our class and ten of whom come from US.,whom,Correction:,them,3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. 4. I have many friends in this town, some of wh
14、ich are businessman. 5. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.,which,which 或 all 前加and,whom,Practice time,1. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. A. which was B
15、. that was C. which were D. that were,B,D,Comparison,2. He has two sons, _ are college students. He has two sons, and _ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of it,C,B,3. He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east. He still lives in the room, the w
16、indow _ faces to the east. He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city. He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of which,C,A,D,B,4. _ we all know, China is rich in natural resources. _ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
17、_ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.A. Which B. As C. It D. That,B,C,B,5. Is this museum _ he visited last month? The teacher tells us that _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who,B,D,1) His dog, _was now very old, became ill and died. 2)
18、Yesterday I met Li Lei,_ seemed to be very busy. 3) Football, _is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 4) He lives in the city, _there is a high tower. 5) The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949, _he was born. Then deal with Exercises 2-3 on Page 41.,which,who,which,where
19、,when,1. A fast food restaurant is the place _, just as the man suggests, eating is performed quickly. (2004上海) A. which B. where C. there D. what 2. York, _ last year, is a nice old city. (2003 北京) A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited 3. Anyway, that evening
20、, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachles place. (2004 浙江) A. when B. where C. what D. which,B,B,D,4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. (2000 上海) A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 5. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. (2004 广西) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which,B,A,Assignment Newspaper B4 Grammar Translation exercises about Non-restrictive attributive clauses.,Thank you!,
