1、过去分词 the past participle,过去分词知识总结 I 过去分词的形式II 过去分词的性质III 过去分词的用法,构成形式“动词原形+ed”规则形式: e.g. open love study stop 不规则形式： e.g. cost bend keep fight break rise swim 过去分词没有时态和语态的变化,I 过去分词的构成形式,opened,loved,studied,stopped,cost,bent,kept,fought,broken,risen,swum,II 过去分词的性质,过去分词既有动词性质，也有形容词和副词性质1)动词性质表现为:可以有
2、自己的状语并组成过去分词短语。He likes to read the books written by Lu Xun.(过去分词短语) 2)形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在句中可作定语、表语、状语、补足语等。,译：他喜欢读鲁迅写的书。,We should pay attention to our spoken English.,This is one of the schools built in 1980.,过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后，与 被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，相当于一个 定语从句，但是更简洁。,= This is one of the schools whic
3、h were built in 1980.,Prices of daily goods bought through acomputer can be lower than store prices., The injured boy can not take part in the sports meet.,The boy who is injured can not take part in the sports meet., III 过去分词的用法,过去分词（短语）作定语,单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之前, 和它所修饰的名词存在动宾(被动)关系。,All books that
4、were borrowed from the library should be returned by Friday., All books borrowed from the library should be returned by Friday.,过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，相当于一个定语从句，但是更简洁。,习题：, I m very thirsty. Youd better drink some _ water.A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. to be boiled,C,单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。
5、现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表明动作已经完成。,过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词(词组)之后，与其所修饰的名词(词组是)动宾关系,且动作已经完成。 译:公元前776年举行的奥运会只持续了一天。,2)The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C. lasted for only one day.,A,过去分词invited作定语修饰指示代词those,意为“被邀请的那些人”,两者是动宾（被动）关系。 those invited = those people who have been invited单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前,但是something、anyth
6、ing、nobody、nothing、 those等代词的定语需后置。,3. Please dont forget him. He is one of _.A. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting those,A,现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别,现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成a moving movie 感人的电影a moved audience 被感动的观众boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的水boiled water 已煮沸的水develop
7、ing countries 反展中国家developed countries 发达国家falling leaves 落叶(正在进行)fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成),a retired worker,过去分词（短语）作表语,过去分词（短语）用在系动词之后作表语，和句子主语之间存在动宾关系。,The children were satisfied with his explanation.,She looked worried.,1. The rooms are _, so you cant move in.A. painted B. painting C. being painte
8、d D. to be painted,2. As soon as he entered the city, he _.A. was losing B. got losing C. lost D. got lost,3. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him.A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed aboutC. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointin
9、g by,C,C,D,(get hurt get excited get pleased ),习题：,This river is polluted.（过去分词作表语，表状态） 译：这条河被污染了 This river was polluted by the chemical plant.（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作） 译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。,过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：,The windows are closed .,译：窗户是关着的。,The windows were closed by Jack.,译：窗户是被杰克关起来的,过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被
10、动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的发出者。,过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语,I found the small town changed a lot.(表动作已完成),He wants the letter typed right away.(动宾关系),We must get our homework finished on time.(动宾关系),过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成， 或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示 “感知”（如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等)、 “意愿”（如want, wish, ex
11、pect, 等) 的动词， 或是使役动词（如make, have, keep, get 等）。,习题：,1.We saw the thief_ (catch) by the police.,caught,译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。（过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。),2. I saw him _ (get on ) the bus .,getting on,译：我看见他正在上车。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动作正在进行。）,3. I will have/get my hair _ (cut) tomorrow.,cut,译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动。),过去分词
12、（短语）作状语,过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。,a、表示时间,Seen from space, the earth looks blue.,When the earth is seen from space, the earth looks blue.,b、表示条件,Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,If these vegetables are kept in refrigerator, these vegetab
13、les will remain fresh.,When you cross the road, you should be careful.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴随情况,e、表示让步,Deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.,As the girls were deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.,She walked out of the house, followed by her daughter.,She walked out of the house, an
14、d was followed by herdaughter.,Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,1._ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not received,C,2. _in her new skirt ,s
15、he tried to make herself _at the party . A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticedC. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; being noticing,3. _ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better A. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To give,B,(he和 receive 是主谓关系，且receive 先于decide之前发生。),A,4. Unless _ to speak,
16、you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited,A,5._ by his teachers, he has made great progress in his lesson. A. Helping B. To help C. Help D. Helped,D,6. _his telephone number, she had some difficulty gettingin touch with Bill. Knowing not B.
17、 Not known C. Not knowing D. Not know,C,8. The old man walked in the street, _. A. following his son B. followed his son C. and following his son D. following by his son,A,9. _ a white sweater, she looks much more beautiful.Dressing B. wearing C. Dressed D. Having dressed,B,10. _, the little boy is
18、living a happy life. Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of,D,Consolidation,1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. boughtC. been bought D. buying,B,2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-ele
19、cted president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settlingC. to settle D. being settled,C,3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. known,D,不要使用只有专业人士才明白的词语、词组或短语,4. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. pin, read B. pinning, readingC. pinned, reading D. pinned, read,C. pinned, reading,
