1、六级写作技巧明析,走出误区写作技巧简单易懂的秘诀,走出误区四六级写作高分诀窍作文,误区 使用句型太复杂以致出错作文的写作强调的是内容连贯,句子通顺,语言流畅,并且句子与句子之间能够用恰当的关联词衔接起来,并不要求写出多复杂的句子。但有些考生理解为只有句子长了,所用的从句多了才更纯正,所以使用各种从句分词等,致使文章言不达意,错误百出,效果适得其反。,误区 加入太多的想象成分,使内容细节过多,文章冗长,学生在写作中的一大担心就是文章的长度不够,再加上对于“可适当增减细节,不可字对字的翻译”的误解,于是加入了很多离题较远的细节,乱了主题。不可字对字其实只要求学生不可简单照译,并非不可翻译。学生只要
2、在理解写作要求的基础上以翻译为主,在要点之间加上简练恰当与必要的关联词和关联句即可。翻译要点可直译也可意译,但要恰当准确,用已学过的词语与句型,切不可生搬硬造。,误区 书写不规范造成大量失分,由于判卷的主观性,作文的卷面分往往不只1、2分。因此写作的规范与书法非常重要,甚至所用墨水的颜色也应列入考虑之列,比如,浅色的墨水或油笔写出的字就显得乱,而深色的如碳素则给人以整齐美观的印象。这里介绍几个应注意的地方。,1. 好的开头和结尾,由于评卷人的主观性,好的开头与结尾往往给人以好的印象。一般开头不要写得太罗嗦,要找着恰当的切入点,快速入题,简洁明快。结尾同样不拖泥带水,最好还能适当评论,写出点睛之
3、笔。,2. 用好关联词,在写作的过程中,以下关联词的应用非常关键。比如,表并列的 besides,as well as,in addition to,not onlybut also,when,表递进的furthermore,whats more,whats worse,表转折的while,on the contrary,on the other hand,however,表选择的eitheror,whetheror,otherwise等。有了这些词的连接,就会使文章变得语句通顺,层次清楚,有声有色,考生勿需用很多的复合句也能让评卷人感觉到你的水平不同一般。,3. 用好标点符号、大小写,安排好
4、段落,如果是汉语作文,大多注意标点符号,但写英语时一些考生就不够认真。一篇文章下来一逗到底,没有标点的变化,没有大小写,没有段落划分。,4. 书写清楚,整洁,规范 5. 词汇的使用上请多用六级词汇,以区别于四级。,写作技巧,一、 长短句原则。 工作还得一张一驰,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题。,二、 主题句原则,国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成 “群龙无首” 之感!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!特别提示:隐藏主体句
5、可是要冒险的!,三、 一二三原则。,领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点. 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。,1)first, second, third, last(不推荐) 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐) 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐) 4)in the first place, in the s
6、econd place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐) 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 8)most important of all, moreover, finally (强烈推荐) 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 10
7、)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况),四、 短语优先原则。,写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!,五、 多实少虚原则。,这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如:走出房间,ge
8、neral的词是:walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!,简单易懂的秘诀,Agreement: 主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致,关系代词与先行词的一致。 Ambiguity: 尽量不去使用可能引起歧义的词语或句子。 Brief: 文章 “简为贵”,要抓住要点,简明扼要。 Coherence: 文
9、理通顺,前后连贯。 development: 主题的发挥应当充分、合理、正确。 Division: 词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当,划分要清楚,避免使用重复字句和种子片段。,Figures: 正确合理使用各类修辞格式。 Key: 用适当的关键词突出主题,每段都应有主题句。 Logical: 内容要符合逻辑。 Message: 信息要新鲜、确实、可信。 Omit: 合理删除多余的不必要部分。 Proposition: 主张、观点、论述要清楚肯切、合情入理。,Punctuation: 正确适时使用标点符号。 Relevant: 文章一定要要题。 Sentence pattern: 句型要尽量多样化
10、。 Straight: 开门见山,直来直去。 Style: 文体恰切,适合内容要求。 Tense: 动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。 Theme: 选题得当,主题突出。,一、图表作文,图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分,而当前的图表作文大多还有第三个段落。图表作文的规律性很强,不像图画式作文那样富于变化。 1首段的写作 图表作文有表格(table)、柱形图(bar chart)、饼状图(pie chart)和折线图(diagram)之分,后三种都是属于图表的范畴(chart)。不管是chart还是table,都需要进行描述,一般放在文章的第一部分,长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几
11、个变量(A),每个变量有几个数据(B),不妨以A*B表示。 如果只有一个变量,有三个数据,可以描述如下: From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.,如果是最常见的是2*3的情形,可以描述如下: From the cha
12、rt, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period. 这里用了while引起从句来突显对比,是一种非常好的办法,如果用两句话来描述,也完全可以。 如果是1*n(n3)的情形,将头与尾描述出来即可,比较好的方法就是在句
13、中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。 碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形,大家应首先进行分类,分成上升、下降两类,或者上升、下降、不变三类,这样问题就迎刃而解了。,2 第二段的写作,第二段是解释原因的段落。 就是此段的主题句(topic sentence)的问题。此句或主观或客观并无拘束,只要上下文风格统一即可。 主观:We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. In my mind, th
14、e reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows.,主观之变体(使用插入语,突显主语): Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon. Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon. Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.,注意:插入语的使用属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧,可以达到
15、很好的效果。 主观之变体(使用插入语):Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon. 客观:Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. 在主题句之后,可以使用连接词分两个、三个或四个方面来写,其中分三个方面来写最为常见。这里就与普通的说明文与议论文一样了-可以由最重要的到最不重要的,也可以由最不重要的到最重要的,也可能平行分布,依具体情况而定,不一而足。,3 第三段的写作,第三段直接写结论的情况已基本没有了。如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题,那么这一段写解决办法的
16、可能性最大。 如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化,那么这一段很可能是两种情况-可能写负面的影响或存在的问题,或者写未来趋势或发展方向。 咱们看看很象利弊类的情况,如一篇文章的第三段: 上述情况均是依提纲而定,提纲中如果没有第三点,那么一般说来,若是问题则写办法,若是好事则写展望,根据具体情况而定。,2010年6月四六级作文前瞻1:国学热 Sinology,Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of “The rehabilitation of Sinology
17、”. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1、近年来,国学变得流行 2、国学热的意义是什么 3、我们应该,事件背景:2010年电影孔子的热播掀起了新一轮的国学热,使得国学再次成为当今的热门词汇。国学热,即中国传统文化学习的热潮。古老的学术(如周易、中医等)、传统(如成人礼)成为如今的时尚。同时,借助百家讲坛栏目,一批批学者登上电视讲台为国人讲述典籍,分享自己的体会,这使得国学也越来越大众化。,文章写作思路:现象描述+意义阐述+个人评论,第一段: (主题句:)In recent years,
18、 Chinese traditional culture, as Sinology, has become increasingly prevalent.(举例法扩展段落:exemplification) For instance, it is reported that many primary and secondary schools have set up courses of sinology, in which students are taught and required to recite classical work by Chinese ancient educators
19、 and philosophers, like Confucius. (或者以百家讲坛为例进行说明:A good illustration is CCTV Lecture Room, where famous scholars, such as Yi Zhongtian and Yudan, give lectures on Chinese ancient philosophies and literatures.),第二段: (主题句)It is of vital significance for the public to acquire knowledge on Sinology. (起
20、)For one thing, it is the essence of Chinese civilization with more than 5000 years. Thus, for individuals, they can enlarge their scope of knowledge, enrich their experience and adapt themselves to the complicated society. (承)For another, the rehabilitation of Sinology can contribute to a harmoniou
21、s society.,第三段: (主题句)It is highly expected that all Chinese people young and old- should inherit the merits of Sinology. Therefore,(起) in the first place, we are well-advised to read books by ourselves or to attend lectures on this issue.(承) In the second place, we have the obligation to advocate an
22、d encourage others to learn. Then, it is necessary for us to introduce Sinology to the world. By doing so, not only can we inherit it, but also make it glorious and prosperous.,2010年6月四六级作文前瞻2:低碳生活 Low-carbon Life,Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the top
23、ic of “Low-carbon Life”. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1、低碳生活方式受到人们的欢迎 2、低碳生活的意义 3、我们应该,Recently, low-carbon becomes a high-frequency and fashionable word which gets the greatest concern in the world. Low-carbon life means a kind of lifestyle in which people
24、do their best to reduce energy consumption and carbon greenhouse gas emissions.,It is of vital importance for the whole world to practice the low-carbon lifestyle. Firstly, our natural resources and energy are limited; therefore, it is absolutely necessary for us to save and protect them. Secondly,
25、in order to protect our environment from serious greenhouse effect, we need a low-carbon emission. It is low-carbon life that enables our next generations to live a better and superior life.,What we should bear in mind is that the earth is common home. Thus, every one is well advised to practice thi
26、s lifestyle and there are several ways for us to do this. Firstly, every one is expected to cultivate their awareness of saving energy. Then, we are also hoped to help our families and friends to live a low-carbon life. Only by doing so can we hope to create a world where all humans enjoy a clean and tidy environment. (185words),