1、虚拟语气,The Subjunctive Mood,1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气. 2. 虚拟语气定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,一、虚拟语气定义,虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道： If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have been
2、 C. could have been D. would be,二、虚拟语气的高考考点 1、if条件句中虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法； 5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。,虚拟语气的 “四种形式”及“三点注意”,一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式 （1）if条件从句+主句 （2）名词性从句中的虚拟语气 （3）特殊句型wish, as if ,if only 等虚拟形式 （4）It is (high/about)time that 的虚拟形式 二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象 （1）含蓄条件句 （2）时间错综句 （3）虚实
3、错综句,一：虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法关键词：与三个时态的相反倒装,1 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。,句型： if条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his ball.,The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained,答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。,1. If I had HIV, I would know
4、because I would feel sick. 2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6. I think we could do it, if we
5、 planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,与未来事实相反,2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中含有should，were， had 三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have ru
6、n round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do?a flood, what should we do?,Should there be,1.The rice _ if you had been more careful.A. would not be burning B. would not burnC. would not have burnt D. would not burnt 2.If
7、 my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would preventD. were ; would have prevented 3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 4._ fo
8、r the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not 5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt getC. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got,高考
9、链接,6.If she had worked harder, she _.A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeed 7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned ; would not takeB. had been warned ; would not have takenC. would be warned ; had not takenD. would
10、 have been warned ; had not taken 8.If it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike.A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rain 9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 10.If I _ you, I would not do it.A. am B. were C.
11、shall be D. being,二：虚拟语气在名词性从句中用法 关键词：一坚持；二命令；三建 议； 五要求 (should) do,一个坚持：insist; 两命令：order, command; 三建议：suggest, propose, advise; 五要求：desire, demand, ask, require,request 1. 宾语从句 I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans.I suggest that we (should) set off at once.I insiste
12、d that we (should) decide what to do with him.,sb +v+that sb (should) + do,2. 主语从句It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party.It is best that he (should) set off at once.It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts.
13、,It be + 上述动词的过去分词 + that sb (should) + do,It is (was) + important / necessary / better / strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that sb (should) + do,3 表语从句 My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor.Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go.His only request
14、is that you (should) give him more time. 5. 同位语从句 Do you know the order that you (should) leave now?,上述动词的名词形式+be+表从 sb (should) + do,上述动词的名词形式 +同从 sb (should) + do,1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately.A. has been sent for B. sends forC. will be sent for D. be sent for 2.It is suggested that the j
15、ob _ done in another way.A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be 3.He had an idea that we _ by bike.A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go 4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow.A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting,高考链接,5.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ f
16、ree.A. did ; set B. had done ; should be setC. do ; be set D. does ; would be set 6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be 7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once.A. will be started B. must be started C. be started D. should start 8.The
17、 guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey,三：虚拟在特殊句型中的用法 关键词：wish,as if/though,if only,would rather与事实时态的相反,wish/as if/if only,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时 (did/were),had done,would/could/might+V.,would rather that,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时 (did/were),had done,过去时,1）wish +
18、 宾语从句,I wish I were a bird. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.,2） as if /though + 从句,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the wh
19、ole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,3）If only (要是就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,4）would rather that -,现在： 过去： 未来：,I wou
20、ld rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,had done,1.I wish I _ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broke
21、n D. had been broken 3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend.A. went ; should come B. should go ; had comeC. had gone ; came D. go ; come 4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 5. I blamed her yesterday. I w
22、ould rather you _ that.A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do 6. He is a very brave man. Yes. I wish I _ his courage.A. have B. had C. will have D. would have,高考链接,It is time that 的虚拟形式It is (high/about) time that,动词过去式 (be -were) /Should do,It is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：,It is time (f
23、or sb.) to do sth.It is time for sthIt is the first/ time that (从句用现在完成时) e.g:It is the first time that I have visited Beijing.,该是做某事的时候了(不用虚拟),Its( high/about) time +that -,should +V.,过去时,你该立刻走了 ( leave),我们该睡觉了 (go to bed),Its high time that you left. Its high time that you should leave.,Its time t
24、hat we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,1.It is high time you _ the bus.A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch 2.Its about time he _ to do the work.A. begins B. will begin C. begin D. began 3. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would go B. went C. go D. will go 4.It is time
25、 we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum,高考链接,（一）、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。,Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be,Without electricity = If there were
26、no electricity,（二）、时间错综句从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：,If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.,. If the flower had been watered, it _ now.A. wouldnt die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die,（三）、虚实错综句所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细
27、心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。,The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did ; set B. had done ; should be setC. do ; be set D. does ; would be set,自我检验 虚拟语气历年高考,1. When a stick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it_. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brok
28、en 2. “Are you going to the ball tonight?” “Its too late now. How I wish about it earlier!” A. Ill know B. Ive known C. I know D. Id known 3. The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 4. “Jacks been ill for some weeks.” “I know. I wish se
29、e a doctor.” A. he should B. he can C. hell D. he could 5. “You should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday. The film was very good.” “I wish I yesterday off. Id have gone with you.” A. have had B. had C. have D. had had 6. It is time that we this practice. A. stop B. stopped C. will stop D. ha
30、ve stopped 7. I wish I as healthy as my cousin. A. were B. am C. was D. will be 8. The two strangers talked as if they friends for years. A. have been B. are C. were D. had been,C,D,B,D,D,B,A,D,9. If it for the heavy rain, we the Mount Emei yesterday.A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; coul
31、d climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 10. Without electricity, human life so easy today. A. isnt B. will not be C. would not have been D. would not be 11. “If Mr. Black , he that food.” “Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.” A. was warned; would not tak
32、e B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 12. I didnt see Mr. White at the meeting. If he , he would have given a lecture.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 13. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the ear
33、th at night , too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. would be frozen cold C. would be freezing coldly D. can freeze coldly,C,D,B,D,A,14. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they not 15. You didnt acc
34、ept my help. If we it together, you so tired. A. did; didnt B. do; wouldnt get C. were doing; wouldnt D. had done; wouldnt have got 16. “What would you wish to do if you were given another chance to go to college?” “Thats not easy to say, but I wish I when I was a college student.” A. have not studi
35、ed biology B. did study biology C. had studied biology D. studied biology 17. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. had slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 18. It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time that he _ doing his lessons.
36、 A. might have spent B. must have spent C. should have spent D. could have spent,C,D,C,A,C,19. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 20. Good morning, sir. I expected you yesterday. I _ if it _ fine. A. would come; were B. would have co
37、me; had been C. will come; is D. would come; was 21. If all places_ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were 22. Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade. A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been des
38、troyed 23. The insects would eat up all our crops, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.A. it is not B. it were not C. were it not D. they were not 24. If I _ in the twenty-second century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.A. should live; would spend B. will live; should s
39、pendC.are living;should have spent D. will be living; would have spent,A,B,D,D,B,A,25. _, we could not have finished the work on time.A. If they do not help us B. Was it not for their helpC. should they offer to help us D. But for their help 26. If we had been more careful, we _ much better results
40、now.A. got B. had got C. would be getting D. would have got 27. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 28. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my fr
41、iends.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 29._I you, I wouldnt spend so much money on clothing.A. Could B. were C. Had D. Should 30. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 31. What would have happened, _ to the river b
42、ank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walked fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther,D,C,D,D,B,B,C,32. If there were not subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 33. _ fine tomorrow, we would go to see the wedding
43、 suit for her.A. If it will be B. If we have C. Should it be D. If it would be 34. _ to do the work, I should do it some other way.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 35. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were;
44、would prevent D. were; would have prevented 36. The new airport _ if they had not stopped working on it.A. would complete B. had been completed C. had completed D. would have been completed 37. _ five minutes earlier, I _ the train.A. If I left; would have caught B. Had I left; would have caughtC. I
45、 had left; would have caught D. Do I leave; will catch,D,C,C,A,D,B,38. _ the captain, the ship would have sunk.A. If it has been for B. If it has not been forC. Had it been for D. Had it not been for 39. Without careful treatment, the wounded_ well so quickly.A. wouldnt have been B. wont be C. hadnt
46、 been D. werent 40. Without your help, I _ the work ahead of time.A. could not have finished B. cant have finishedC. mustnt finish D. mustnt have finished 41. But for his help, I _.A. should not have succeeded B. have not succeededC. did not succeed D. had not succeeded 42. He hesitated before kicki
47、ng the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 43. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 44. Ive been too busy recently, otherwise I_ to you two days ago.A. would have written B. would write C. wrote D. had written,
