1、第七讲 定语从句,关系代词引导的定语从句.,关系代词: 关系代词是用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词. Eg. The people whom you met in the campus yesterday are from England. Eg. The book which you are reading is written by a contemporary American novelist.,.使用要点 ）关系代词的省略 作直接宾语时可以省略Eg. The man (whom) you saw just now is our manager. Eg. Is there anyth
2、ing (that) I can do for you ?,b. 关系代词放在介词后作宾语时，不能省略但介词位于句尾时，关系代词可以省略。 Eg. This is the girl with whom he worked. This is the girl (whom) he worked with. Eg. This is the room in which Churchill was born.This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.,2) 如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面，不能用who, that ,只能用which, whomEg. Th
3、is is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.Eg. The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit strange.,3) 如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little ,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which. Eg. Please just tell me anything that you know
4、 about the author of the book. Eg. Thats all that I could do at that time. Eg. She hates everything that is modern.,4)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰时，关系代词常用that ，不用which, who, whom.Eg. He is the only person that was present at the time.Eg. This is the best TV se
5、t that is made in China.,5)在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，做宾语的代词也不能省略。Eg. The Heavenly Lake, which is one of the world famous scenic spots, is on Tianshan Mountain.Eg. There are thirty students in the class, the majority of whom are from the city.,6). 在“It is +名词+定语从句+定语从句”结构中，后一定语从句要用 that.Eg. It is always the
6、 mouth which talks too much that arouse trouble.Eg. It is a man who is honest that can do the work.,7) 若定语从句表示“所属”关系，先行词指人时，用“名词+ of + whom”结构，先行词指物时，用 “名词+ of +which”结构.Eg. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women.Eg. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s.
7、,Eg. The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.,8) 先行词是集体名词用who还是 which如果作先行词的集体名词着眼与集体的整体，关系代词用 which；如果指集体中的各个成员用 who. Eg. The basketball te
8、am, which is playing very well, will come out first.The basketball team, who are having a rest, will begin another match in 20 minutes.,9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody，应用 who， whom，不用 whichEg. Is there anyone here who can speak English?,10) 如果有两个或两个以上先行词，兼指人或物，应用that
9、.Eg. The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students. Eg. A victim is a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, etc.,11) that有时相当于for which 或 in which，表示原因或方式Eg. He apologized to her for the very reason that (for which) he had w
10、ronged her.Eg. I wish you would see things in the light that ( in which) we see them.,二关系副词引导的定语从句 .关系副词也可以引导定语从句，并在从句中分别表示时间，地点或原因等 关系副词相当与“介词+which结构”. Eg. He will always remember the day when (on which) his father returned from America. Eg. The book-store where (at which) his sister works is the
11、largest one in Nanjing.,2.that 有时可以代替关系副词when, where, (how), why引导定语从句，表示时间，地点或原因，that也可以省去 Eg. This is the university that (where) he studied at 20 years ago. Eg. Do you still remember the day that (when) he arrived?how 不能引导定语从句 Eg. This is the way how he behaves. (X)This is how he behaves.,三as在定语从
12、句中的用法在限制性定语从句中，as多和such或the same连用， 构成 “suchas”和 “the sameas”结构，可以代替先行词是人或是物的名词在 “the sameas” 结构中, “as”也可以用 “that”代替. Eg. Such people as were recommended by him were reliable. Eg. I would like to use the same tool as (that) is used here.,四but在定语从句中的用法but作为关系代词也可以引导定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物在意义
13、上等于 “thatnot”, “whonot”, “whichnot”只用于限制性定语从句,Eg. There was not one house but ( which was not ) was burnt down.Eg. There are few of them but admire your achievement.Eg. Not a day went by but (which did not) brought us good news.,五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句差异的比较 Eg. I dont like people who lo
14、se their temper easily. Eg. He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the amount I needed.,2. 关系代词还是关系副词a.弄清楚代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语，宾语，定语还是状语 b.辨别先行词表示的是人，物，时间，地点还是原因 c.判断从句是限定性还是非限制性,Eg. This is the place where traffic accident occurred.This is the place which the foreign guests are going to
15、 visit. Eg. The reason which she gave is unbelievable. The reason why she refused her is not known.,3. 关系代词用做表语关系代词that, which, as 可用做表语. that在限定性定语从句中作表语，可省which 在非限定性定语从句中作表语，不可省as 可在限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句中做表语，并可指人，一般不省,Eg. She is not the sweet girl (that) she was.Eg. He is a fool, which you are not.Eg.
16、 He looks like an honest man, as he is not.,4. as和 which 引导非限制性定语从句 ）as引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，通常翻译为“正如一样，正象一样”which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 Eg. As might be expected, John was admitted to the university. Eg. He will wear red clothes, which will distinguish him from his fellow men.,）as 既可指前面已
17、经提到的情况，也可指后面将要提到的情况Eg. More American troops are being sent to the Middle East, as (which) I have learnt from the newspaper.Eg. As a poet points out, life is but a dream.,3) 在某些习惯用法中, 多用as, 较少用which, 如: as we/you know, as may be imagined, as is well known.Eg. She has gone out for a walk, as may be im
18、agined. Eg. The telephone, as we know, was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell.,4) as 后若为被动语态，被动语态中的be动词可以省略，which后的be动词在同样情况下则不可省Eg. Football and basketball, as played in the United States today, are basically modifications of games that originated in England.,5）as 引导的从句往往表示一种附加说明，which引导的从句则为较重要的评说Eg. The material is elastic, as shown in the figure.Eg. She wrote a great novel, which it still is today.,
