1、现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词1. 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词（短暂性动词或瞬间动词） 。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间，如: for 2 years; since 从句, 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点，如 since last year, since 5 days ago。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作, 这种动作发生后立即结束。在现在完成时的肯定句中，短暂性动词不能与表示时间段的for 短语，since 短语或从句连用。也不能与表示
2、时间段的 how long 引起的疑问句连用。例如：(1) I have bought the book for 2 weeks. ( x )I have bought the book. ()I have bought the book since two weeks ago. ( x )I have bought the book two weeks ago. ( x )I have had the book for two weeks. ()(2) The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.
3、It is/has been 4 years since the old man died. Four years has passed since the old man died.2. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：(1) go (to)/ come (to)/arrive/get to/reach/move-be in/at become-be return/go back/come back-be back例如：He arrived in Beijing ten minutes ago. = He has been in Beijing for ten minutes.My siste
4、r became an engineer in 2005.= My sister has been an engineer since 2005.They went to Shanghai yesterday.= They have been in Shanghai since yesterday/for one day.(2) open-be open close-be closed die-be dead marry-be married get married-be married leave- be away finish/end-be over begin/start-be on g
5、o to sleep/fall asleep- be asleep fall ill-be ill get up-be up sit down-be seated go to school - be a student例如：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.The film began ten minutes ago. = The film has been on since ten minutes ago.(3) buy-have borrow/lend-keep/have catch a cold-h
6、ave a coldput on-wear get to know-know begin to study-study例如：She bought this book last year. = She has had this book since last year.(4) join- be in/ be a member of+the 组织机构/be a 组织机构 memberjoin the Party =be in the Party=be a Party member=be a member of the PartyJoin the army=be in the army=be a solider 参军He joined the League in 2013.He has been in the League since 2013. He has been a member of the League since 2013.He has been a League member since 2013. It is three years since he joined the League.
