1、,直接引语与间接引语,常熟市中学 周文忠,!,一、基本概念 1、一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语(Direct Speech) ；直接引语必须都放在引号中，其位置常在句尾或句首。例：“I dont know where your bike is,”said the Arab.,2、用自己的话转述别人的话；被转述的部分就叫间接引语(Indirect Speech)；间接引语不必用括号，一般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。例：,Mr. Smith said that he was very frightened then.,二、主要规则 当直接引语变为间接引语时，有关的人称
2、、语序、时态、关联词、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词都要作相应的改变。,1、人称代词的变化,在直接引语变简接英语时，人称代词应遵循“一随主，二随宾，三不变”的原则。即直接引语中第一人称应改为与主语相对应的人称，第二人称应改为与宾语对应的人称，第三人称保持不变。例：Tom said to me, “I will help you with your English tomorrow.” 应改为 Tom told me that he would help me with my English the next day,2、时态的变化,一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来
3、时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变),2、时态的变化,例如：1) Mr. Smith said, “ I am very frightened.应改为 Mr. Smith said that he was very frightened. 2) She said, “ I read the book yesterday.”应改为She said that she had read the book the day before. 但是在下列情况下时态仍保持不变 1)客观真理 例如：The teacher told us, “ The e
4、arth moves round the sun 应改为 The teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun.,2、时态的变化,2) 历史事件 (直接引语中有绝对的过去时间做状语时) 例： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” 应改为 The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,3、各类句子的变化,.转述陈述句时变为以that引导的宾语从句。that在口语中常省略例：She said, “Our train will arrive in
5、 five minutes.”应改为She said (that) their train would arrive in five minutes. .转述一般疑问句变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。例： 1.He said,“Can you swim,John?”应改为He asked John if he could swim. .转述特殊疑问句仍用原特殊疑问词加正常语序的宾语从句。例：1. He said,“Where are you going?” 应改为 He asked where I was going.,3、各类句子的变化,转述祈使句时如果直接引语是表示请求的口气，则间
6、接引语用 ask sb.to do sth.如果直接引语是表示命令的口气，则间接引语用 tell / order sb.to do sth. 否定式是not to do sth. 例： “Do not eat cold food ” , the doctor said. The doctor told the patient not to eat cold food. “Do some shopping for me , please.” ,he said to her. He asked her to do some shopping for him. 转述感叹句时，变间接引语时可用what
7、或how引导，有时也可用that引导。例： She said,“What a lovely day it is!”应改为 She said what a lovely day it was. 或 She said that it was a lovely day.,4、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词的变化,指示代词： this that these those 时间状语：now then today that day this week/ month that week/month yesterday the day before last week/month/year the wee
8、k /month/year /before three days ago three days before tomorrow the next/following day next week/month/year the next (following) week/month/year,4、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词的变化,地点状语: here there 动词: come go bring take must had to,They said to us, “ Will you visit this house tomorrow ?”They asked us _ we woul
9、d visit _ house_.A. that this tomorrow B. that that the next day C. if this tomorrow D. if that the next day,D,例题,Exercises,1-10 D C B D D, B C A A B11-20 B C D A B, D C A C D,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedth
10、at day D. I lookedthat day,Exercises,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that
11、_ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They
12、 said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week bef
13、ore C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holida
14、ys?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her,
15、“|Does the sun rise in the east ?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,11.He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” He often tells me that _ will tell _ about _.A. Iyouthem B. hemethem C. heyouus D. Imeyou,B,12. You must say to he
16、r, “ I dependon you and him .”You must tell her that _ depend on _ and _.A. Iyouhim B. sheyoumeC. youherhim D. youmehim,C,13. She asked,” Whose house will hebreak into next time ?” She asked whose house _ breakinto _. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he willnext time D. he wouldthe next
17、time,D,14. -Do you remember _ he came?-Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if,A,15. Have you decided when _ for London? A. will you leave B. you will leaveC. are you going D. you are going,B,16. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? - Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can
18、get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station,D,17. Can you tell me which room _? A. does he live in B. does he lives C. he lives in D. he lives,C,18. Would you please tell me _ with Peter? He looks unhappy. A. whats the matter B. what wrong is C. the wrong is wh
19、at D. what wrong it was,A,19. No one told us _, so we need your help. A. how should we do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it,C,20. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he comeC. if he comes D. whether hell come,D,阅读理解,1. We are told that in a fami
20、ly about 1900s _.,A. A few children died before they were five. B. Seven or eight children lived to be more than five C. The youngest child would be fifteen D. Four or five children died when they were five. 细节理解题。文章第1段第2句中的of whom four or five lived till they were five years old说明，在那个年代，有些孩子往往活不过5岁
21、。A项符合题意。故正确答案为A。,2. One reason with the woman of today may take a job is that she _.A. is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselves B. does not like children herself C. neednt worry about food for her children D. can be free from family duties when she reaches sixty细节理解题。文章第1
22、段结尾句说明，现在的妇女们到她们的孩子长大后还很年轻，可以上班挣工资。故正确答案为A。,3. Many girls are now likely to _.A. give up their jobs after they are married B. leave school as soon as they can C. marry so that they can get a job D. continue working until they are going to have a baby细节理解题。见第2段第4句中的more married woman stay at work at
23、least until shortly before their first child is born.。可知D项正确。故正确答案为D。,4. According to the passage, it is now quite common for women to _.A. stay at home after leaving school B. marry men younger than themselves C. start working again late in life D. marry while still at school选 C细节理解题。见短文第2段第5句中的Man
24、y more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work.。由此可知C项正确。故正确答案为C。,5. Now a husband probably _.A. plays a greater part in looking after the children B. helps his wife by doing part of the housework C. feels dissatisfied with his part in the family D. takes a part-time job so that he can help
25、 at home.推理判断题。由文章结尾句可知，现在越来越多的丈夫们在家庭生活中承担了更多的责任和义务，所以B项的“帮助妻子分担家务”最有可能发生。故正确答案为B。,6. Find in the passage a word opposite in meaning to the underlined word “recklessness”.,(Caution) 由最后一段倒数第二句“They dont pay attention to speed-limit signs nor drive with caution in changing lanes.”可知caution与recklessne
26、ss意思相反。,7. What does Carters words in the last paragraph mean?（回答字数不超过5个）,(Teen drivers are careless)由于字数限制以及 “havent been made aware of，dont pay attention to, nor drive with caution,”可知粗心大意，没什么顾忌，想怎么开就怎么开，故只能填 careless.,8. What kind of personality did Eric have according to the passage? （回答字数不超过3个）,(popular and outgoing) 由第四段首句话“Erics mom, Janet Celly, is still haunted by the death of her popular, outgoing son.”可知他的性格是外向的。,Good-bye!,
