1、1,直 接 引 语 间 接 引 语,直接引语:直接引述别人的话,前要加引号. 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,不用引号.在多数情况下构成宾语从句. 例.John said, “I like reading story books.” 直接引语John said that he liked reading story books.间接引语直接引语变为间接引语1.直接引语为陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),则常构成一个宾语从句,从句的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。在这一方面,汉语和英语有很多相似之处,因此,在做直
2、接引语与间接引语的转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义。,3,人称变化,一 随 主,二 随 宾,三不变,引号内的第一人称 变间引后与主句主 语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that sheliked tennis.,He said to Lily, “ you must get up early.”,He told Lily thatshe must get upearly.,She said to me , “ They want to help him
3、.”,She told me that they wanted to help him.,使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致.,注意:以下几种情况时态 不变直接引语是客观真理。The teacher said “The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me” Jack said he was doing cho
4、res when Tom came to see him.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:Jack said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.“ Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:He said, “I get up at six every morning。” He said he gets up at six every morning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变 (
5、例:could, should, would, might) The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.”若已经是过去时的形式也不变。例: ought to, had better, used toPeter said. “You had better come here today.“ Peter said I had better go there that day., 如果主句是一般现在时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的时态不变。
6、 He says, “Im not good at math. ”,He says that he is not good at math.,2.祈使句转述祈使句时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据句 子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词,如果祈使句谓否定式,在不定式前面加not。例 如:The hostess said to us , ” Please sit down.”The hostess asked us to sit down.,Father said to him , “Go away.”Father ordered him to go aw
7、ay.Mother said to me , “Come back before 10:00.”Mother told me to go back before 10:00.He said , “Dont make so much noise , boys.”He told the boys not to make so much noise.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)”如:He said, “Lets go to the movies.“ He suggested going to the movies. 或He su
8、ggested that they should go to see the movies.,2. 直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接引语时,要 把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。1)一般疑问句。用whether或if(是否)引导。主句中的动词say或said时,要改为ask 或asked . Eg. He said, “Are you a student?”疑问语序,He asked me whether /if I was a student.,陈述语序,没有间接宾语的,可以根据情况加上,例如:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the wri
9、ter says.The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.He said , “ Are you interested in English?”He asked (me) If I was interested in English.She said , “ Did you see him last night?”She asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before. 注意:大多数情况下,if和whether 可以互换,但后有or not,或在动词不定式前,
10、或放 在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如:She asked me whether he could do it or not.He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.,2)特殊疑问句直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问句引导,例如:“What do you want?”he asked me.He asked me what wanted.“What do you call your dairy?”Annes sister asked her.Annes sister asked her what she called her diary.“When did you go to bed last night?”Father said to Anne.Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.,