1、Words and Phrases,tense: a. 1. tightly stretched; taut 拉紧的；紧绷的e.g. tense muscles绷紧的肌肉 2. in a state of mental or nervous tension 心理或神经紧张的e.g. The players were tense at the start of the game.队员们在比赛开始时很紧张。 vt. & vi. to make or become tense 使或变的紧张 tension: n.紧张(状态), 不安, 拉紧, 压力, 张力, 牵力e.g. The tension i
2、n the Far East is building up again.中东的形势又逐步紧张起来。adjust the tension of a violin string / a tennis racket 调小提琴弦 / 网球拍的松紧,excess n. an amount that is more than enough a. being more than is usual, required, or permitted,Translation Luggage in excess of 100kg will be charged extra. The fat man went on a
3、 diet to get rid of his excess weight.,Key超过一百公斤的行李要额外收费。那个肥胖的人通过节食去除其多余的体重。,exceed vt. 1. to be greater than, surpass (数量, 程度等)超过 2. to go beyond the limits of 超越的界限 e.g. exceed speed limit超过速度限制exceed ones authority越权exceed sb. in courage勇气超过某人,形近词: access, excel access n. entering or approaching,
4、 way in excel v. to do or be better than; surpass 优于,attributevt. ( sth to sb./sth) to relate to a particular cause or source; ascribe 把归因于,Translation 他们把成功归因于朋友的鼓励。,Key They attributed their success to their friends encouragement.,n. a quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to someone o
5、r something 归结为某人某物的属性或特征,形近词: contribute, distribute contribute vt. ( sth to sb/sth) to give or supply in common with others 捐赠，贡献， vi. ( to) to help bring about a result; act as a factor 有助于， 促成 distribute vt. to divide and dispense in portions 分发，分配,Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cau
6、se high blood pressure. (2001.6. CET 4)A. attribute to B. attend toC. contribute to D. devote to,exterior n. the appearance or outside surface of sth外部, 表面 a. outer, external 外面的, 外在的,Translation 你不能以貌取人。,Key You can not judge people by their exteriors.,Translation 对谈判的外界影响,Key exterior influences o
7、n the negotiations.,反义词: exterior - interior,Translation On the exterior, she is timid and weak-willed; but on the interior, she has a rather strong mind and never yields to any difficulties.,Key 她貌似怯弱，但内心却十分坚强，在困难面前从不屈服。,More words with “-ior”? prior, superior, inferior, junior, senior,perceive: vt
8、. become aware of, notice, observe 察觉到，意识到，注意到e.g. I perceived a change in his behavior / that his behavior has changed. 我察觉到他的行为有些变化。 perceivable: a.可察觉的,trick: n. 诡计, 骗局, 恶作剧, 窍门, 诀窍 vt. 欺骗, 哄骗 e.g. I can do magic tricks.我会玩魔术。Is there a trick to getting this window to stay up?有没有窍门能让窗户保持拉起着?He go
9、t the money from me by a trick.他用诡计骗走了我的钱。The children played a trick on their teacher.孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。He tricked me into giving him the money.他哄骗我给了他钱。,delegate: vt. & vi. 1. to authorize and send (another person) as ones representative 授权并派遣（他人）作某人的代表e.g. delegate sb to a conference选派某人做代表出席会议 2. to c
10、ommit or entrust to another 委托他人e.g. A boss must know how to delegate (work). 当老板的要知人善任。delegate a task to a subordinate.把任务委托给下属 n. 代表 delegation: n. 代表团, 授权, 委托,give emphasis to,看重/强调 ,In the course of childrens growth, we should give as much emphasis to the cultivation of their love for others as
11、 to their intellectual development.,在孩子的成长过程中，我们应把对孩子的爱心培养和智力发展看得同等重要。,stir vt. & vi. move in a round motion 搅拌，搅动 move slightly 微动 make active, excite 激发,e.g. Use a spoon to stir. Not a breath of air stirred. The story stirred the boys imagination.,stir n. action of stirring 搅拌，搅动 great excitement,
12、 shock or anger among people激动，纷乱，骚乱,e.g. Give the soup a stir. The news of the terrorist attacks in New York caused quite a stir in the whole world.,Translation 禽流感在一些国家引起恐慌。,KeyBird flu has caused a stir in some countries .,outlet: n. 1. way out 出路，出口e.g. an outlet for water 排水孔 2. a means of rele
13、ase or gratification, as for energies, drives, or desires:发泄途径,（精力、欲望或冲动）得以发泄或满足的方法e.g. He needed an outlet for his anger.他需要将他的怒气发泄出来。,“the + 形容词（或副词）比较级, the + 形容词（或副词） 比较级”的结构，构成“越是，就越”的结构。,Complete the following sentences.,一个人越有学问，就往往越谦虚。The more leaned a man is, _.,2) 你越早动身，就能越快到达那里。The earlier
14、 you start, _.,the more modest he usually is,the sooner you will get there,hostile: a. 1. of, relating to, or characteristic of an enemy敌方的，敌对的，敌人的e.g. hostile forces敌对力量 2. feeling or showing enmity or ill will; antagonistic敌意的，恶意的e.g. a hostile remark充满敌意的话Ever since I got better marks than Parker
15、, he has been hostile to me.自从我比派克得分高以后，他就对我不友好了。 hostility: n. 敌意, 恶意, 不友善, 敌对, 对抗,recommend: vt. 1. to advise or counsel 劝告建议或忠告e.g. I recommend you to wait.我劝你等一等。She recommended that we avoid giving offense.她建议我们避免找麻烦 2. to praise or commend (one) to another as being worthy or desirable 推荐, 向另外一
16、个人称赞或推荐（某人或物）e.g. Can you recommend a good dictionary?你能介绍一本好词典吗?recommend him for the job推荐他做那项工作 recommendation n. 推荐, 介绍(信), 劝告, 建议,substitutev. replace (with),Translation我们这把破损的椅子得换个新的。你代我去开会好吗？,Key We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. Can you substitute for me at the meeting?,subs
17、titute n. a person or thing acting or used in place of another 代用品, 代替者, 替代品,Use it Can telephone be substitute for e-mail as a way of communication? Why or why not?,substitution n. 代替, 取代作用, 代入法, 置换,stimulate: vt. make sb/sth more active or alert; arouse sb/sth 刺激, 激励, 激发, 使兴奋e.g. Light stimulates
18、the optic nerve.光刺激视神经。Exercises stimulate the flow of blood.运动促进血液流动。 stimulate sb. to (make) further efforts 激励某人作更大的努力,stimulant / stimulus: n. 刺激物, 促进因素e.g. Light is a stimulant / stimulus to growth in plants.光是植物生长的促进因素。 stimulation / stimulus: n. 激励, 鼓舞, 刺激e.g. These youngsters need some stimu
19、lus / stimulation to make them work.为了使这些年青人工作, 需要鼓励一番。 stimulating: a. 起激励作用的，使人兴奋的e.g. the stimulating effect of coffee咖啡的提神作用,even/mild/sweet hot/quick/short moody good bad/ill,-tempered,性情平和/温和/温柔的,脾气急噪的,喜怒无常的,好脾气的,坏脾气的,-tempered (L48)a. having the specified type of temper,Collocation,Other phra
20、ses,cut downreduce, make less in number or amount,Translation 如果不能完全戒烟，至少要少抽点。,Key If you cant give up smoking completely, at least try to cut it down.,Matching Game,cut back cut off cut down cut away cut out cut across,take a short cut across omit stop while in conversation remove or shaping by cut
21、ting reduce the length of sth. return quickly,Practice,F,C,E,D,A,B,He _ through the woods to where he had been standing before. Youd better _ the last paragraph of your article in order to make it short. The operator _ me _ before I had a chance to talk to him. We may as well _ the playground. We ha
22、ve kept him waiting for half an hour.,Fill in the blanks with “cut” phrases,cut back,cut out,cut off,cut across,priority: n. 1. the thing regarded as more important than others优先的事物 e.g. Rebuilding the area is a (top) priority. 重建这一地区是当务之急。Your trouble is that you have got your priorities back to fr
23、ont. 你因为本末倒置才出了麻烦。 2. the state or right of coming before others in position or time 居先，优先权e.g. The government gave (top) priority to reforming the legal system.政府将改某法制列为工作的重点。This research took priority over all other studies.在各项研究中，应首先解决这项研究。,好争吵的,成为负担的,烦人的,孤单的,More?,troublesome a. causing trouble
24、/anxiety/pain,Word Formation n./v. + some = a. liking to/causing or producing,e.g. quarrelsome burdensome tiresome lonesome,It goes without saying that a peaceful and stable environment, among other things, proves to be of vital importance for China.,不言而喻，除其他因素之外，一个和平稳定的环境对中国至关重要。,among other things,
