1、,2009-2010 年低碳精品研究报告集,http:/,2009 世界低碳产业研究报告 72P,2009 中国发展低碳经济途径研究报告 35P2010 年低碳经济主题研究报告 51P2050 低碳能源革命技术路线图2050 碳捕获和储存技术路线图 52P,2050 低碳革命核电技术路线图 52P,2050 低碳革命水泥行业技术发展蓝图 36P2050 低碳革命太阳能发电技术路线图 49P2050 低碳革命太阳能光伏产业路线图 48PG20 低碳发展竞争能力研究 65P,Globel Clean Revolution_II 54P低碳地产研究报告 70P,低碳发展：地方创新能力的作用 20P低
2、碳技术项目计划书（精华）37P,低碳经济：安全、稳定与绿色增长 55P,低碳经济：低碳产业政策的经济分析与实证研究 134P低碳经济：跨区域低碳计划开发分析 19P,低碳经济Towards a Low-carbon Economy 24P,低碳经济的构建：一个关于 2008 气候变化法案的应用 56P2009 中国可持续发展战略报告：探索中国特色的低碳道路（低碳经济）Building a low-carbon economy 511P低碳经济经典资料整理 37P,低碳经济时代的信息通讯技术发展趋势分析 48P,低碳经济与企业发展机遇：基于英国企业的研究报告 48P改变的力量-低碳技术与投资机遇
3、 37P,构建低碳经济的路径：基于能源体制改革的视角 117P环境保护与低碳经济 102P,汇丰银行：2009 年全球低碳经济研究报告 61P麦肯锡关于低碳的研究报集Low Carbon莫尼塔调研：迎接低碳时代的到来 54P欧洲低碳岗位：当前机会与发展前景 36P清华建筑讲座低碳经济与低碳建筑世界低碳产业研究报告 72P,通向低碳经济之路的能源政策和体制转变 43P外行报告 2010 年低碳技术行业研究报告 80P我们的未来：低碳经济发展趋势 23P,中国城镇化发展与低碳生态城规划建设的探索与实践 52P中国的清洁革命 2-低碳商机 88P中国低碳领导力-城市 20P中国低碳能源未来,中国能源
4、转型：通向低碳发展之路 80P,http:/,低碳能源&碳信用研究文献,A review of carbon trading theory and practice.pdfAn instrument for carbon bears.pdf,Analysis of prefix u.s. Greenhouse gas tax proposals.pdfAppendix to meta 125 studies .pdf,Carbon creditsproject financing the“green”way.pdfCarbon markets and technological innovat
5、ion.pdfCarbon markets, institutions, policies,.pdf,Carbon motivated regional trade arrangements.pdfClimate policy and corporate behaviour.pdfCommercial.pdf,Contracting for soil carbon credits design and costs of.pdf,Designing a carbon tax to reduce u.s. Greenhouse gas emissions.pdfDiscounting for cl
6、imate change.pdf,Disentangling the effects of industrial production.pdfEfficient contracts for carbon.pdf,Energy risk management with carbon assets.pdf,Equity weighting and the marginal damage costs of climate change.pdf,Eu climate change policy 2013-2020 using the clean development mechanism more e
7、ffectively.pdfEuropean carbon prices and banking restrictions.pdfFactors affecting levels of international.pdf,Greenhouse gas reductions under low carbon fuel standards.pdfInternational technology transfer.pdf,Moving to a low carbon economy through socially responsible.pdfRisk aversion.pdf,Ssrn-clim
8、ate policy and the optimal extraction of high-and-low-carbon fossil fuels.pdfSsrn-international investment law and climate change.pdfSsrn-why and how to tax carbon.pdf,State trends of the carbon market 2009 final.pdfTax policies for low-carbon technologies.pdf,The developing carbon financial service
9、 industry expertise,.pdfThe eu ets co2 prices drivers.pdf,The impact of climate change on the balanced growth.pdfThe incidence of u.s. Climate policy.pdfWho pays a price on carbon.pdf,更多精彩资源 http:/,http:/,Towards a Low Carbon Economy economic analysis and evidence for a low carbon industrial strateg
10、y,The Office of Government Commerce (OGC) and the former DIUS published guidance,in April 2009 on how to embed skills and training into public procurement, taking,account of EU rules and the need to obtain value for money. 51,This commitment is particularly important in the context of the drive towa
11、rds a,low-carbon and more resource efficiency economy when considered in conjunction with,additional commitments on the use of public procurement as a driver of demand in,low-carbon and more sustainable markets, discussed further below. The Government has,also committed to bring forward shortly furt
12、her sector specific commitments in those,areas where it is thought that public procurement can help address skills gaps and,shortages.,It is important to ensure that UK businesses have the necessary skills available to allow,them to meet the challenges and opportunities of working in an increasingly
13、,low-carbon world. The Government needs to ensure that failures in the market that,prevent the identification of and funding in the necessary skills are corrected to ensure,that all businesses are able to obtain the skills sets that they require at the right time.,Finance for low-carbon and green pr
14、ojects,INVESTMENT TRENDS,Estimates by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Organisation of Economic,Cooperation and Development (OECD) 52 suggest that in order to reduce current levels,of CO 2 emissions by 50 per cent by 2050, additional investment of US$45 trillion will,be required over th
15、e business-as-usual scenario. This figure represents a total,investment requirement of around US$1.1 trillion per year an average of 1.1% of,global GDP each year from now until 2050. This includes additional investment in,R&D, increased deployment of technologies that are not yet cost competitive an
16、d,investment by businesses in low-carbon options across power, transport, buildings,and industrial sectors.,To reach the UKs own targets, the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) suggests that,achieving an 80% cut in carbon emissions by 2050 is likely to cost between 1 and 2%,of the UKs GDP in 2050. As
17、 part of the move towards a low-carbon economy, the CCC,also suggest that it will cost less than 1% of GDP in 2020 in order to meet the cost of,the proposed carbon budgets. 53,Ensuring that this investment is delivered in a timely way will be vital to minimising,the cost of making the transition to
18、a low-carbon economic base, and will provide,maximum opportunity for businesses to capitalise on future low-carbon business,opportunities.,51,DIUS/OGC (2009),52,IEA/OECD (2008),53,CCC (2008),42,55,57,The financial services sector has already taken advantage of the move to more,comprehensive pricing
19、of some environmental impacts of economic activity. The,pricing and trading of carbon in particular has grown considerably over recent years,as governments have sought to correct the failure of the market to adequately,internalise the social costs of carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions.,Despit
20、e the economic crisis, the overall carbon market continued to grow in 2008,with total value transacted by the end of the year reaching approximately 86 billion(double its 2007 value). Of this around 63 billion was accounted for by transactions,and derivatives under the EU ETS this represents a year-
21、on-year growth rate of over,80%. 54 The UK has benefited considerably from the development and growth of this,market with London established as the world centre for carbon trading.,Increased requirements for carbon reduction and wider environmental measures will,necessitate the embedding of climate
22、change risks and future carbon emissions,profiles of technologies and businesses into all investment decisions. Despite the,increasing importance of climate change in future shareholder value a recent report,for Ceres and the Environmental Defence Fund (EDF) suggested that many of the,worlds leading
23、 corporations are failing to provide a full account of the risks and,potential costs of climate change. The report highlighted that only small number of,firms provided a sufficient account of the potential costs, despite noting that financial,regulators have put increasing pressure on companies to d
24、isclose climate,change risks. 55,A recent report 56 by the Carbon Trust emphasised the varied nature of impacts that,could be felt by different sectors of the economy by looking at how tackling climate,change might affect company value. Companies in some sectors could expect to gain,value (for examp
25、le consumer electronics or building insulation), while others would,need to transform their activities to maintain or improve company value (for example,the automotive and aluminium sectors). The report highlights that investment and,business decisions to date have not put us on a path to a low-carb
26、on economy.,However, the risks and opportunities associated with climate change have begun to,be better understood and embedded into decisions by investors. Although,considerable uncertainty remains, climate change is now recognised as key strategic,issue in most industries.,Considering potential dr
27、ivers of value such as changes in consumer behaviour,technology innovation and regulatory environment, the headline findings of the report,suggested that tackling climate change could create opportunities for a well-positioned,and proactive company to increase its value by up to 80%. In contrast, if
28、 a company is,poorly positioned or lacking in action in this area, up to 65% of its value could be,threatened. 57 Mitigation of the potential downside should therefore become of,increasing importance to investors when considering investment opportunities.,54,World Bank (2009),The Corporate Library (
29、June 2009) for Ceres and the Environmental Defence Fund (EDF),56,Carbon Trust (2008),Carbon Trust (2008) 57 Analysis focussed on Automotive, aluminium, Oil and Gas, Building insulation, Consumerelectronics and Beer sectors. Sectors chosen on the basis of high value to institutional investors, the po
30、tential forsignificant change resulting from the move to a low-carbon economy and are different in terms to their exposure todifferent climate change-related drivers.43,58,Towards a Low Carbon Economy economic analysis and evidence for a low carbon industrial strategy,There is widespread evidence ac
31、ross most global financial markets of greater interest,in the risks and opportunities from climate change to investors. Over recent years,there has been a rise of the number of market indices, investment funds and,individual companies offering investment opportunities that take account of, for,examp
32、le, clean technology and climate change, sustainable development and,corporate social responsibility. This suggests increasing demand from customers and,investors for these types of investment opportunity. Examples of these new indices,are covered in Box 3.2 below. 58,Box 3.2: Examples of climate ch
33、ange and sustainability focussed investment,indices,HSBC: Climate Change Benchmark Index,Launched in 2007, this Index has been designed to reflect and track stock market,performance of key companies that are best placed to profit from the challenges,presented by climate change. From this benchmark,
34、HSBC has established four,investable climate change indices that can be used to create portfolios for a diverse,range of investment needs:,Climate Change Index (includes stocks that derive over 50% of their total revenue,from climate change related activities);,Low Carbon Energy Production Index (in
35、cluding solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal);,Energy Efficiency and Energy Management Index (including fuel efficient autos,energy efficient solutions and fuel cells);,Water, Waste and Pollution Control Index (including water recycling, waste,technologies and environmental pollution control);,At its l
36、aunch the Benchmark Index had outperformed the MSCI World Index by,around 70% when tracked back to 2004.,RBS/ABN Amro: Climate Change and Environment Index,Also launched in 2007, this index tracks the performance of stocks directly related,to businesses that are involved in tackling the adverse effe
37、cts of climate change,and mitigating environmental degradation. The Index therefore gives exposure to,companies that are involved in:,Reduction of CO 2 , through renewable energy,Clean soil and water through water and waste management,Cleaner and less toxic air and water through reduction in global
38、warming,emissions using catalytic converters,Sources include HSBC press releases, FTSE press releases and BiTC (October 2008).,44,59,FTSE Environmental Markets Index,Announced as part of FTSEs Responsible Investment tools, this comprises two,main indices:,Environmental Technologies Index measures th
39、e performance of companiesglobally whose core business is in the development and deployment ofenvironmental technologies including renewable and alternative energy,energy efficiency, water technology, etc. It requires companies to have over50% of their business activities derived from environmental
40、markets andtechnologies;Environmental Opportunities Index includes companies that have significantinvolvement in environmental business activities, as listed above. The Indexrequires companies to have at least 20% of their business derived fromenvironmental markets and technologies.,Alongside a larg
41、e number of funds that invest in ethical, green or sustainable,investments, there are also a number of indices that measure the performance of,companies that meet particular standards with respect to corporate responsibility.,For example, the FTSE4Good Index series (launched in 2001) and the Dow Jon
42、es,Sustainability Index (launched in 1999) in particular focus on companies that meet,globally recognised corporate responsibility standards and those that are more,sustainably-driven. Similarly, the Business in the Community (BiTC) Corporate,Responsibility (CR) Index, launched in 2002, which captur
43、es the extent to which CR,is integrated into corporate strategy and translated into responsible practice,throughout an organisation. Research into the link between managing and,measuring corporate CR and financial performance (shareholder return, dividend,yield and stock price volatility) suggested
44、that as well as demonstrating a,correlation (although not necessarily causality) with reduced volatility, companies,consistently participated in the CR Index outperformed the FTSE 350 on total,shareholder return between 2002 and 2007 by between 3.2% and 7.7% per year.,The United Nations Environment
45、Programmes Sustainable Energy Finance Initiative,regularly publishes assessments of global trends in sustainable investment. The,analysis shows that, between 2004 and 2007, global investment in sustainable energy,had increased substantially year on year, with an average annual growth rate of over,65
46、%. Total financial transactions in sustainable energy, including acquisition activity,were approximately $205 billion, with new investment into the sector accounting for,around $148 billion of that total. 59,UNEP/SEFI (2008); UNEP assessments (New Energy Finance), monitor investment in renewable ene
47、rgy and energyefficiency. This includes all investment in biomass, geothermal and wind generation projects of more than 1MW, all hydroprojects of between 0.5 and 50MW, all solar projects of more than 0.3MW, all marine energy projects, all biofuels with acapacity of 1 million litres or more per year
48、and all energy efficiency projects that involve financial investors.45,LevelofVentureCapitalInvestment(US$,millions),10,1,20,1,Q,30,1,Q,40,1,Q,10,2,Q,20,2,Q,30,2,Q,40,2,Q,10,3,Q,20,3,Q,30,3,Q,40,3,Q,10,4,Q,20,4,Q,30,4,Q,40,4,Q,10,5,Q,20,5,Q,30,5,Q,40,5,Q,10,6,Q,20,6,Q,30,6,Q,40,6,Q,10,7,Q,20,7,Q,30,
49、7,Q,40,7,Q,10,8,Q,20,8,Q,30,8,Q,40,8,Q,10,9,Q,Q,UKpercentageofEuropeVC,62,Towards a Low Carbon Economy economic analysis and evidence for a low carbon industrial strategy,In spite of the economic crisis, new investment into the sector rose to $155 billion in,2008. However, within this, the levels of investment in the second half of the year,were 17% lower than the first half of 2008 and down 23% from the equivalent period,
