1、政府工作报告REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT 2019 年 3 月 5 日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上Second Session of the 13th National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China, March 2019 国务院总理 李克强Li KeqiangPremier of the State Council各位代表：Fellow Deputies, 现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。On behalf of the St
2、ate Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval. I also invite comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). 一、2018 年工作回顾I. 2018 in Review 过去一年是全面贯彻党的十九大精神开局之年，是本届政府依法履职
3、第一年。我国发展面临多年少有的国内外复杂严峻形势，经济出现新的下行压力。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，砥砺奋进，攻坚克难，完成全年经济社会发展主要目标任务，决胜全面建成小康社会又取得新的重大进展。The year 2018 was the first year for putting the guiding principles of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fully into effect. It was also this gove
4、rnments first to perform, in accordance with law, the functions of office. In pursuing development this year, China faced a complicated and challenging domestic and international environment of a kind rarely seen in many years, and its economy came under new downward pressure. Under the firm leaders
5、hip of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we, the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, forged ahead and overcame difficulties. The years main targets for economic and social developmen
6、t were accomplished, and in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we made major progress toward a decisive victory. 经济运行保持在合理区间。国内生产总值增长 6.6%，总量突破 90 万亿元。经济增速与用电、货运等实物量指标相匹配。居民消费价格上涨 2.1%。国际收支基本平衡。城镇新增就业 1361 万人、调查失业率稳定在 5%左右的较低水平。近 14 亿人口的发展中大国，实现了比较充分就业。The main economic indica
7、tors were kept within an appropriate range. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 6.6 percent, exceeding 90 trillion yuan. Economic growth matched electricity consumption, freight transport, and other indicators. Consumer prices rose by 2.1 percent. In the balance of payments a basic equilibrium was
8、maintained. A further 13.61 million new urban jobs were added, and the surveyed unemployment rate remained stable at a comparatively low level of around 5 percent. As a big developing country with a population close to 1.4 billion, we have attained relatively full employment. 经济结构不断优化。消费拉动经济增长作用进一步增
9、强。服务业对经济增长贡献率接近 60%，高技术产业、装备制造业增速明显快于一般工业，农业再获丰收。单位国内生产总值能耗下降 3.1%。质量和效益继续提升。Economic structure was further improved. Consumption continued to play an increasing role in driving economic growth. The service sectors contribution to growth approached 60 percent. Growth in high-tech industries and equi
10、pment manufacturing outstripped that of other industries. Harvests were again good. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 3.1 percent. The quality and returns of growth continued to improve. 发展新动能快速成长。嫦娥四号等一批重大科技创新成果相继问世。新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业加快转型升级。大众创业万众创新深入推进，日均新设企业超过 1.8 万户，市场主体总量超过 1 亿户。新动能正在深刻改变生产
11、生活方式、塑造中国发展新优势。New growth drivers grew rapidly. A number of major scientific and technological innovations were made, like the Change-4 lunar probe. Emerging industries thrived and traditional industries saw faster transformation and upgrading. Business startups and innovation continued to surge nat
12、ionwide, with an average of over 18,000 new businesses opening daily and the total number of market entities passing the 100 million mark. New growth drivers are now profoundly changing our mode of production and way of life, creating new strengths for Chinas development. 改革开放取得新突破。国务院及地方政府机构改革顺利实施。
13、重点领域改革迈出新的步伐，市场准入负面清单制度全面实行，简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革力度加大，营商环境国际排名大幅上升。对外开放全方位扩大，共建“一带一路”取得重要进展。首届中国国际进口博览会成功举办，海南自贸试验区启动建设。货物进出口总额超过 30 万亿元，实际使用外资 1383 亿美元、稳居发展中国家首位。New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. Institutional reforms of both the State Council and local governments were implemented s
14、moothly. New progress was made in reform in key fields. The negative list system for market access was put fully into effect. Reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services were intensified, and our business environment rose significantly in interna
15、tional rankings. Opening up was expanded on all fronts, and joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) made significant headway. The first China International Import Expo was a success. Work began on building the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone. Chinas total volume of trade in g
16、oods exceeded 30 trillion yuan, and its utilized foreign investment totaled US$138.3 billion, ranking China first among developing countries. 三大攻坚战开局良好。防范化解重大风险，宏观杠杆率趋于稳定，金融运行总体平稳。精准脱贫有力推进，农村贫困人口减少 1386 万，易地扶贫搬迁 280 万人。污染防治得到加强，细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度继续下降，生态文明建设成效显著。The three critical battles got off to a goo
17、d start. We forestalled and defused major risks. The macro leverage ratio trended toward a stable level; the financial sector was generally stable. Precision poverty alleviation made significant progress, with the rural poor population reduced by 13.86 million, including 2.8 million people assisted
18、through relocation from inhospitable areas. Pollution prevention and control was strengthened, and PM2.5 concentrations continued to fall. Marked achievements were made in ecological conservation. 人民生活持续改善。居民人均可支配收入实际增长 6.5%。提高个人所得税起征点，设立 6 项专项附加扣除。加大基本养老、基本医疗等保障力度，资助各类学校家庭困难学生近 1 亿人次。棚户区住房改造620 多万套
19、，农村危房改造 190 万户。城乡居民生活水平又有新提高。Living standards continued to improve. Per capita disposable personal income grew by 6.5 percent in real terms. The threshold for individual income tax was raised and six special additional deductions were created. Support for basic elderly care and basic health care was
20、 strengthened. Close to 100 million payments were made to assist students from families in financial difficulty, covering all school types. More than 6.2 million housing units were rebuilt in rundown urban areas and 1.9 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated. Urban and rural living standard
21、s continued to rise. 我们隆重庆祝改革开放 40 周年，深刻总结改革开放的伟大成就和宝贵经验，郑重宣示在新时代将改革开放进行到底的坚定决心，激励全国各族人民接续奋斗，再创新的历史伟业。We solemnly commemorated the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, thoroughly reviewed its great achievements and the valuable experience gained in its pursuit, and pledged our resolve to see r
22、eform and opening up through in the new era, thus galvanizing the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to continue their hard work to make new historic achievements. 回顾过去一年，成绩来之不易。我们面对的是深刻变化的外部环境。经济全球化遭遇波折，多边主义受到冲击，国际金融市场震荡，特别是中美经贸摩擦给一些企业生产经营、市场预期带来不利影响。我们面对的是经济转型阵痛凸显的严峻挑战。新老矛盾交织，周期性、结构性问题叠加，经济运行稳中有变
23、、变中有忧。我们面对的是两难多难问题增多的复杂局面。实现稳增长、防风险等多重目标，完成经济社会发展等多项任务，处理好当前与长远等多种关系，政策抉择和工作推进的难度明显加大。经过全国上下共同努力，我国经济发展在高基数上总体平稳、稳中有进，社会大局保持稳定。这再次表明，在中国共产党领导下，中国人民有战胜任何艰难险阻的勇气、智慧和力量，中国的发展没有过不去的坎。Looking back at the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.What we faced was profound change in
24、our external environment. Setbacks in economic globalization, challenges to multilateralism, shocks in the international financial market, and especially the China-US economic and trade frictions, had an adverse effect on the production and business operations of some companies and on market expecta
25、tions. What we faced were severe challenges caused by the growing pains of economic transformation. An interlacing of old and new issues and a combination of cyclical and structural problems brought changes in what was a generally stable economic performance, some of which caused concern. What we fa
26、ced was a complicated terrain of increasing dilemmas. We had multiple targets to attain, like ensuring stable growth and preventing risks; multiple tasks to complete, like promoting economic and social development; and multiple relationships to handle, like that between short-term and long-term inte
27、rests. And the difficulty of making policy choices and moving work forward increased markedly. With the concerted efforts of the whole country, the Chinese economy, from a larger base, achieved generally stable growth while making further progress; and social stability was ensured. This once again s
28、hows that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have the courage, vision, and strength to prevail over any difficulty or obstacle. There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome in Chinas pursuit of development!一年来，我们深入贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构
29、、惠民生、防风险，稳妥应对中美经贸摩擦，着力稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期，主要做了以下工作。Over the past year, we fully implemented all major policies and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and worked holistical
30、ly to maintain stable growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks. We handled economic and trade frictions with the United States appropriately. We worked to ensure stable employment, a stable financial sector, stable foreign trade, stable f
31、oreign investment, stable domestic investment, and stable expectations. Our main work of the past year was as follows. 一是创新和完善宏观调控，经济保持平稳运行。面对新情况新变化，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，保持宏观政策连续性稳定性，在区间调控基础上加强定向、相机调控，主动预调、微调。坚持实施积极的财政政策，着力减税降费、补短板调结构。下调增值税税率，扩大享受税收优惠小微企业范围，出台鼓励研发创新等税收政策。全年为企业和个人减税降费约 1.3 万亿元。优化财政支出结构，盘
32、活财政存量资金，重点领域支出得到保障。坚持实施稳健的货币政策，引导金融支持实体经济。针对融资难融资贵问题，先后 4 次降低存款准备金率，多措并举缓解民营和小微企业资金紧张状况，融资成本上升势头得到初步遏制。及时应对股市、债市异常波动，人民币汇率基本稳定，外汇储备保持在 3 万亿美元以上。First, we developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance. Facing new circumstances and developments, we
33、were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies, and we maintained the continuity and consistency of macro policies. As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out a
34、nticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy, focusing on cutting taxes and fees, strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment. We reduced VAT rates and expanded the coverage of tax relief for small businesses with low profits, and
35、introduced preferential tax policies to encourage R as a result, investment in manufacturing and private investment rebounded markedly. Policies were adopted to stimulate consumer spending. Internet Plus initiatives were advanced across the board, and new technologies and models were used to transfo
36、rm traditional industries. We deepened efforts to streamline government functions and cut taxes and fees. A number of government permits were abolished, the reform separating permits from the business license was implemented nationwide, the time needed to start a business was considerably shortened,
37、 and the types of industrial production permits were cut by over a third. Oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results was implemented nationwide. We overhauled the charges and fees levied on businesses, and encouraged c
38、uts in the cost of energy, broadband services, and logistics. We advanced the Internet Plus Government Services initiative, the local authorities explored and extended a number of distinctive reform measures, and both businesses and the public now enjoy increasingly better access to government servi
39、ces.四是深入实施创新驱动发展战略，创新能力和效率进一步提升。大力优化创新生态，调动各类创新主体积极性。深化科技管理体制改革，推进关键核心技术攻关，加强重大科技基础设施、科技创新中心等建设。强化企业技术创新主体地位，将提高研发费用加计扣除比例政策扩大至所有企业。制定支持双创深入发展的政策措施。技术合同成交额增长 30%以上。科技进步贡献率提高到 58.5%。Fourth, we continued to implement the innovation-driven development strategy and further increased innovation capacity
40、and performance. We greatly improved the innovation ecosystem to keep innovators of all kinds fully motivated. The reform of the management system for science and technology was deepened, steps were taken to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies for key fields, and the building of major science
41、 and technology infrastructure and innovation centers was stepped up. We strengthened the principal position of enterprises in technological innovation, and extended the policy on raising the proportion of additional tax-deductible R grain output was kept above 650 million metric tons. Solid progres
42、s was made in the pursuit of new urbanization, and close to 14 million people originally from rural areas gained permanent urban residency. A full range of reforms and innovative measures were introduced to advance development in the western region, revitalize the northeast, energize the central reg
43、ion, and support the eastern region in spearheading development. Major progress was made in boosting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Along the Yangtze Economic Belt, efforts to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development were strengthened. Substant
44、ive steps were taken in the planning and building of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was opened to traffic. We expanded support for reforms and development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border area
45、s, and poor areas.Another 4,100 kilometers of high-speed railways opened to traffic, and over 6,000 kilometers of expressways and more than 300,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or improved. With all this, the balance in development between rural and urban areas and between regions has contin
46、uously improved.七是坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，改革发展成果更多更公平惠及人民群众。针对外部环境变化给就业带来的影响，及时出台稳就业举措。大力推动义务教育教师工资待遇政策落实，加强乡村小规模学校和乡镇寄宿制学校建设，促进高等教育内涵式发展。建立企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度，提高退休人员基本养老金，城乡居民基础养老金最低标准从每月 70 元提高到 88 元。继续提高优抚、低保等标准，残疾人“两项补贴”惠及所有符合条件人员。加强退役军人服务管理工作，维护退役军人合法权益。深化医疗、医保、医药联动改革。稳步推进分级诊疗。提高居民基本医保补助标准和大病保险报销比例。加快新药审评
47、审批改革，17 种抗癌药大幅降价并纳入国家医保目录。加快推进文化惠民工程，持续加强基层公共文化服务。全民健身蓬勃开展，体育健儿在国际大赛上再创佳绩。Seventh, we continued to ensure and improve living standards in the course of pursuing development and enabled the people to share more fully and fairly in the benefits of reform and development.We took prompt steps to ease th
48、e impact of changes in the external environment on employment. We made strong moves to ensure the implementation of policies on pay packages of teachers in compulsory education, stepped up the development of small rural schools and boarding schools in towns and townships, and fostered development of
49、 substance in higher education. We established a system for the central government to allocate nationwide enterprise employees basic aged-care insurance funds, raised retirees basic pensions, and increased the minimum basic aged-care pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents from 70 to 88 yuan per person per month.We continued to increase benefits for entitled groups and subsistence allowances, and ensured that all people with disabilities who are eligible can access living allowances and nursing care subsidies. For demobilized military personnel, we
