1、专升本语法复习 主谓一致,在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。,一、谓语动词为单数的情况 1.由and连接的 并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼两职或成套事物 a worker and writer;a knife and forke.g.1.The poet and writer .(come）2.A hammer and a saw useful tools.考点：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整 体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife
2、 and fork(刀叉)等 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。,has come,are,2. Every and(every)/eachand (each)no and (no), many aand (many a)连接两 个单数名词作主语.e.g.1.Every boy and every girl_ to go swimming. 2. No teacher and no student_absent from the meeting.3. Each man and (each) woman _asked to help.,likes,was,is,考点：用连接的并列主语被each, ev
3、ery 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。 something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。,思考：1.Many a boy playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。2. More than one student .不只一个学生迟到。3.More persons than one help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。,likes,was late,come to,考点：若主语中有more than one 或many a/an， 尽管从意义上看是复数，但它
4、的谓语动词仍 用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语 时, 谓语动词仍用复数。,e.g.1.Serving the people _my greatest happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.2. When well go out for an outing_. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。,is,has been decided,3.不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。,e.g. 1. Air as well as water matter.空气和水都是物质。2. No one except two servants late f
5、or the dinner.除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。,is,was,4.单数主语即使后面带有with, along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数,5. one/every one/each /either/the number of +复数名词作主语e.g. Each of us something to say.我们每个人都有话要
6、说。,has,考点：each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each, 谓语动词用复数。,思考：None of us perfect.人无完人。None of this me.这事一点不使我着急。,are (is),worries,考点：none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数。,6.无生命集体名词clothing /cloth /furniture /traffic /jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery（机器)/baggage做主语e.g. 1. Clothi
7、ng _ badly needed in this flooded area. 2.The number of the unemployed _ still increasing. 3. All their baggage _ stolen. 4.The furniture _ convenient to move. 5.All the machinery in the factory _ made in China.6. Jewelry _ used for decoration and wear.,is,is,is,was,is,is,7. 以ics结尾的学科名称：physics, mat
8、hematics, 以-s 结尾的疾病名称：arthritis (关节炎），diabetes （糖尿病），bronchitis(支气管炎）单一政治实体：the United States；The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。e.g. Arthritis _a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.Physics_an important subject in middle schools.,is,is,8. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。 e.g.Tw
9、enty years has passed since he left his hometown.,is,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1. 由and /bothand连接的并列主语 2. 有生命的集体名词people , police, cattle, vermin(害虫）, poultry（家禽） 等作主语。 The police _looking for the missing child. 3. 由山脉(The Himalayas)、群岛、瀑布(The Niagara Falls) 、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games _ held once ever
10、y four years. 5. a number of/ a group of +名词作主语。,are,are,6. 由两个部分组成的名词，以-s 结尾，scissors，glasses, trousers 谓语动词必须用复数，但这些名词前若出现 a pair of,谓语一般用单数。,e.g. One pair of scissors _ enough.,7. 这些以-s结尾的名词：goods, clothes, arms（武器）, fireworks , stairs（楼梯）, wages 做主语，谓语动词用复数。,is,1. 集体名词class, family, army, team,
11、club, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。 His family _ a great one. His family _ music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。 The steel works _ near the station.,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,3. “kind, sort, pair, type，amount，quantity +名词” 作主语，以这
12、些名词本身的单复数而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. “half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数、百分数 + of + 名词”作主语:谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。,例：The rest of the bikes today.剩下的自行车今天特价出售。60% of the apple eaten by the little b
13、oy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。,are on sale,was,考点一：主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及 “分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复 数取决于连用的名词。,Here the bus 公共汽车来了。Here a pen and some pieces of paper for you.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。,comes,is,1.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have
14、 been D. has been,D,2.Mary is one of those people who pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。,raise,强化练习,3.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：A 4.The father as well as his three children _ skating
15、 on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：C,5._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；areC.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are解析：表示分数时，分
16、子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：C 6.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are usedC.has been used D.have been used解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：C,7.As a result of destroying the forests，
17、a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.number；has B.quantity；hasC.number；have D.quantity；have解析：a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；a large quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。答案：B 8.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been解析：有the only修饰先行词，其后的
18、定语从句中谓语用单数。答案：D,9.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its population _ peasants.A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。答案：A 10.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris tomorrow.A.are to；for B.is to；forC.is to
19、；to D.are to；to解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for sp.，动身去某地。答案：B,11.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.are B.have C.is D.had解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。答案：C 12.30% of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat.A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is解析：句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the cattle，即“牛/余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。答案：A,13.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China.A.were B.have beenC.was D.has解析：the writer and actor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)，谓语动词应为单数。答案：C,Good-bye!,
