1、专升本英语语法,代词篇,代词的分类人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 指示代词 疑问代词,人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。,1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他。She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.在it is/was.that/who.强调句型中，若被强调部分作主语，虽然跟在is/was后，也用主格形式。It is I who did it. 这件事是我做的。3.在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格
2、代词。Jack is as good a student as he/him.,若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格。 He loves you more than I. 他爱我胜过我爱你。 He loves you more than me. 他爱你胜过爱我。 4.用来表示感叹时，常用宾格形式。 Dear me！ 天哪！ Goodness me！ 天哪!,She的用法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等，以表达喜爱、亲切之情。We love our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。
3、The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。,2. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 单数场合：youhe/sheIYou, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜欢音乐。 复数场合：weyoutheyWe,you and they are all Chinese. 男女并列场合：heshe He and she dont agree with me.,it的用法： 1. it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。Whats the weather li
4、ke today? Its windy.今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。Its about five minutes walk from home to school.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。,2. it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人. Who is the person over there? It is the headteacher.,3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳。Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。Its good for you taking a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步
5、是有好处的。,it 的常用结构： A. 代替动名词： it is no use doing sth. 做某事没用。 it is no good doing sth. 做某事没好处。B.代替that从句 it is a pity that 可惜的是。 it is a fact that. 事实上是。 it is certain that. 一定。 it is necessary that. 有必要。 it happened that. 碰巧。 it is said that. 据说。 it is reported that. 据报道。 it turns out that. 结果是。,1. - W
6、ho is knocking at the door?- I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was.A. he B. she C. it 2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put _.A. one B. it C. that 3. I cant find my hat . I think I must buy a new _.A. it B. one C. that,固定句型 1. 做某事情对某人来说是It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do
7、sth. It is hard for me to do this work. 2. 轮到某人做Its ones turn to do sth. Its your turn to clean the room. 3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了Its time (for sb.) to do sth. Its time for you to do the homework. 4. 据说 Its said that Its said that your teacher leave our school.,5. 某人花费做某事It takes sb. some time to do sth. 6.
8、自从以来，已经有（时间）了。It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时) 7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的find sb. think feel,+ it + adj. to do,I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study .A. its B. it C. that 2. It _ my father a whole month to go on business .A. spent B. cost C. took,二.物主代词,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,t
9、heir,mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。 These books arent ours. Ours are new.(our books = ours) This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room = ours),2.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。Tom is a fr
10、iend of mine. 汤姆是我的一个朋友。,1. She is a friend of _.A. my B. mine C. I 2. This isnt my pen ,it is _.A. her B. his C. him 3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _?A. her , mine , herB. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him,4. _ school is much bigger than _.A. Our , theirB. Ours , theirs C. Ou
11、r , theirs 5. The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt .A. it B. its C. its,myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,themselves,herself,itself,反身代词,1. 反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快 自学请随便吃自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己,enjoy oneself teach / learn oneself sth. help oneself to sth.say to oneselfby oneselffor o
12、neselfmake oneself at homelose oneself indress oneselflook after oneself,注意：1） oneself 有单复数之分* I enjoy myself.* Children, help yourselves to some fish.2）反身代词可以加强名词或代词的语气，一般表示“亲自，本人”的意思。I can manage it myself. 我自己能处理。3）反身代词的动词短语。 （P25）,The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things .A. he B. his C. h
13、imself 2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it?- I made it by _.A. me B. myself C. itself 3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests.A. yourself B. yourselves C. your,不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某些人、某些食物的代词叫做不定代词。all, each, every, both, either, neithernone, one, little, few, many, muchother,
14、 another, some, any, no one由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词,it,one, the one, ones, the ones, that 与those的区别it,one, the one, ones, the ones, that 与those都可以替代上文出现过的名词，但它们所指代的情况不同。 具体区别如下：其中it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。 I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money
15、to buy it.其余几个词替代上文提到的名词时不表示同一个，而是同一类。除了替代不同类型的名词外，还有泛指与特指的区别。 P28替代不可数名词只能用that。,几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/anysome（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中There are some flowers in front of the house.any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句Do you have any picture-books?,注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中，希望对方给予肯定的回答或料想对方会作肯定回答。Would you like some meat?你想要
16、些肉吗？May I ask some questions?我可以问问题吗？Could I have some apples?我可以吃苹果吗？ Will you give me some water?你能给我些水吗？,2. many/muchmany 修饰或指代复数名词There are many eggs in the basket.Many of us like playing games.much 修饰或指代不可数名词He doesnt know much English.,3.another/otheranother 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个I dont want this coat
17、. Please show me another.other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的Do you have any other questions?,4. the other/others/the othersthe other 1. 特指两个中的另一个He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor.2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.,others泛指其他的人或物He often he
18、lps others. Some are playing basketball, others are playing football. the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.,5.few/a few/little/a littlefew/a few 修饰可数名词little/a little 修饰不可数名词few, little 表示否定意义, 译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”a few, a little 表
19、示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点”,Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam.A. few B. a few C. a little 2. Dont worry .There is _ time left .A. little B. a little C. few 3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it .A. A little B. Little C. Few,6.every/eachevery单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共
20、性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用Every child likes playing games.each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用Each student was asked to try again.Each of them has a nice skirt.,each every, I gave them _ an apple.A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goe
21、s shopping _ five days.A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天来这里。 He came here _ day.,every other,7.all/noneall “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前 P30We are all from Canada. They all like English.none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可） None of us is/are afraid of dogs.,none no one, How many pe
22、ople are there in the room? _.A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room? _.A. None B. No one C. one None of them _ China.A. come from B. is from C. is come from,8.both/either/neitherboth “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定
23、意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数Neither answer is right.,either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数There are trees on either side of the street.= There are trees on both sides of the street.,有关词组及应用both of/either of/neither ofBoth of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Nei
24、ther of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。, _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card.A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers.A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor.A. works; is B. work; is
25、C. work; are,either neither both,bothand（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。,either neither both, Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the sho
26、p.A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I _ a scientist.A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary _ hard.A. studies B. study C. studying,The students are all from Foshan . They _ like their city .A. both B. all C. eitherLucy and Lily _ agree with us.A. all B. both C. neitherHow are your parents ? The
27、y are _ fine.A. both B. all C. no,9.something/anything/nothingsomebody/anybody/nobody 当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置 I have something important to tell you.Is there anything else in the box?Nobody can answer the question. every, everyone, everybody, everything 与 not 连用表示部分否定，意为“并非每个.都.” Every man is not honest.=
28、 Not every man is honest.,1. Do you have _ to do this evening?A. important something B. anything important C. something important 2. _ is watching TV . Lets turn it off .A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody 3. Would you like _? I can get it for you .A. something else B. anything elseC. everything else,
29、one it, The box is in the middle of the room. Move _ away.A. it B. one C. / I have lost my pen. I have to buy _.A. one B. it C. / How nice your bag is! I want to buy _.A. it B. one C. /,one 同类不同件 it 同类同件,指示代词 表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括:this/that (单数) these/those (复数)1. this,these指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远
30、的人或物This is my shirt, thats yours.These TVs are made in China, Those are made in Japan.,2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.,四.指示代词, The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan.A. that B. t
31、his C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao.A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight.A. it B. this C. that,疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 常见有：who whom whose what which 通常做主语宾语定语表语What makes you think like that ? 做主语Who (Whom) were you talking with?
32、 做宾语,Which bus do I need? 做定语Whats your father? 做表语 注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用， 但在介词后只能用WhomWith whom did he play games?With who did he play games?(错),Try it out,( )1 Is this your football, boys?No, it is not _A. yours B. our C. mine D. ours ( )2 The bird builds _ nest in the tree.A. her B. its C. its D. he
33、rs ( )3 The maths problem _ is wrong.A. himself B. he C. itself D. herself,D,B,C,( )4 I have five pencils, one is red, _ is blue and _ are green.A. another, the other B. the other, others C. others, the others D. another, the others ( ) 5 I have found _ on the Internet.A. a few informations B. a lit
34、tle informations C. a few information D. a little information,D,D,( ) 6 I have Chemistry classes _ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.A. each other B. every other C. this and other D. all other ( )7 - _ is the man under the tree? - Jims father. A. When B. What C. Where D. Who,B,D,课堂达标,11. This stick
35、is _.A. him B. he C. his 12. He is always ready to help _.A. another B. the other C. others 13. _ is Jacks aunt.A. He B. She C. It 14. She sent several cards to _ of her friends.A. some B. any C. no 15. _ subjects do you have this term?A. Which B. Whose C. What 16. _ of them has a computer.A. Each B
36、. Every C. All 17. Can your brother look after _?A. himself B. him C. his,8 Which of _ bikes is yours?A. this B. that C. these 19. _ are good friends.A. You, he and I B. She, you and I C. I, you and he 20. She hasnt brought _ pen today. Will youlend her _?A. her, your B. hers, yours C. her, yours 21
37、. Very _ of them knew the hotel.A. few B. little C. a few 22. The jacket is too short. Please show me _.A. other B. another C. one 23. Some city people grow vegetables _.A. herself B. himself C. themselves,用恰当的词填空。I am a student. _ name is Lily. Ioften teach _ English. 2. Tom is too young. Please look after _. 3. He is fourteen. _ name is Tom. This book is _. He can look after _. 4. Well go fishing later. Would you like tocome with _? 5. Looking at the boys. _ are playing games. _ names are Mike and Bill. They enjoy _.,My,myself,him,His,his,himself,us,They,Their,themselves,
