1、2012 高考英语常用词汇辨析 washwash away wash 表示“洗(手、衣服等) ”,既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词; wash away 表示“冲走” 、 “冲垮” 、 “洗掉” ,作及物动词短语用。 EXERCISES The flood some of the houses in the village He his face and hands,then went downstairs You must before dinner (Keys: washed away washed wash) wear;have on;put on;dress ;(be)in颜色(服装、
2、眼镜等) wear 主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜(手套、首饰、帽)等,以强调“穿(戴)着”的状态。例如: Mr Wu always wears a blue coat in winter 吴老师冬天总是穿着一件蓝色大衣。 have on 作“穿(戴)着 ”解,同 wear 一样,也表状态,但不用于进行时态。例如: Xiao Wang has on a white shirt today (Xiao Wang is wearing a white shirt today ) 小王今天穿着一件白衬衫。 put on 着重强调“穿(戴)上”的动作。例如: I like to put on my hat w
3、hen I go out in winter 冬天,我喜欢外出时戴上帽子。 dress 既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,所接宾语是人而不是衣、帽等物。例如:1)Her mother is dressing her 她母亲正在给她穿衣服。 2)The nurses are dressed in white 护士穿着白衣服。 “( be)in颜色或服装、眼镜等”也表示“穿着”的状态,在句中作表语或定语。例如: He is in uniform today 他今天穿着制服。 work onwork at work on 表示“从事” 、 “创作” 、 “进行” ,后面接名词、代词或Ving,强调做
4、具体的事;还可表示“继续工作” 、 “努力说服” ,既可作及物动词短语用,又可作不及物动词短语用。例如: Miss Liu is working on a new book刘老师正在写一部新书。 Well work on till midnight我们将继续工作到午夜。 work at 表示“致力于” 、 “从事于” 、 “研究” 、 “学习” ,后面接名词、代词或Ving,强调把时间和精力等用在某一方面的事情上,侧重于说明所从事的工作性质。例如: Mr.Zhang is working at a new invention张先生正从事于一项新的发明。 He has worked at thi
5、s subject for many years他研究这门学科已经好多年了。 would do sth; used to do sth这两个短语都可以表示“过去经常做某事” ,但区别是: would do sth表示过去某一段时间内习惯性的行为、活动;used to do sth在时间上主要是同现在对比,暗含“现在已不这样了”的意思;其后既可接表示动作的动词,也可接表示认知或状态的动词。2012 高考英语常用词汇辨析 500 例 V vast; huge两者都是形容词,意思是“巨大的、庞大的” 。 在强调面积和范围的宽广或博大时,用 vast;指体积或容量等方面“巨大、超过一般标准”时,用 h
6、uge。如:This area is covered in vast forests 这个地区被一片广阔无垠的森林覆盖。Thats a huge ship 那艘船好大。 very; right; just 三者都含有“正好;就是”之意, very 是形容词,用来修饰名词,位于 the, this,my 等限定词后; right 和 just 作副词,用来修饰谓语(常为动词 be)或作状语的介词短语等,须放在 the, this,my 等限定词之前。如: At the very beginning of this term, they took an exam 就在学期开始的时候,他们举行了一次
7、考试。 He is just the actor I want他正是我所想要的演员。 The police looked at the thief right in the eye警察目不转睛地盯着小偷。 2012 高考英语常用词汇辨析 500 例 U used to; be used to; get used to used to 意为“过去常常(做某事) ”,后接动词原形。常用来表示今昔对比,含“(现在)已不那样做了”之意。如: She used to work hard她过去工作很努力。 (暗指现在工作不努力了。 ) be used to 有两个含义:“被用来做某事” ,后接动词原形。“
8、习惯于;适应” ,后接名词、代词或 ving,表示一种状态。如: Computers are used to do many things for people now 现在计算机被用来做许多事情。 He is used to hard work 他现在习惯于艰苦的工作。 She isnt used to living in the countryside now 她不习惯在乡下生活。 get used to 意为“习惯于” ,表示一个动作,含“由不适应向适应的转变” ,其后接名词、代词或 ving。如: Youll soon get used to the weather here你很快就会
9、适应这儿的天气。 2012 高考英语常用词汇辨析 500 例 T take along; take care of; take place; take out 1) Miss Wang a handkerchief and blew her nose 2) Mr Zhang some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there 3) Since 1996, great changes in our school 4) My grandmother was illI must stay at home to her 析: took out
10、。表示“拿出;掏出” 。 took along。表示“携带;随身带着” ,其中along 是副词。 have taken place。表示“发生” ,相当于一不及物动词,无被动语态。 take care of 。表示“ 照料;照管;照顾” 。 tell from; tell between 二者均为习惯用法:tell A from B 意为“区分 A 和 B”,也可以说成 tell the difference between A and B。如:Can you tell American English from British English 你能分辨出美国英语和英国英语吗?To tell
11、 the truth, I really cant tell the differences between the Maori and American Indians 老实说,我真的分不清毛利人和印第安人。 the same as;the same that the same as 是表示“相似或同一类的人和事”之意。例如: Many of the sports were the same as they are now 过去的很多体育项目和现在的一样。 This is the same book as Mr Wang lost 这本书跟王先生丢失的那本一模一样。 而 the same t
12、hat 作“同一个人或同一件事”解。例如: This is the same book that Mr Wang lost 这本书就是王先生丢失的那本书。 That is the same bike that I lost 那辆自行车就是我丢失的那辆。 think ofthink aboutthink over 这三个词组都与“想”有关,但所表达的含义有所不同。 think of 多用来指 “想起,认为 ”。 如:Last night,before I went to bed,I thought of my parents昨晚我睡觉前,想起了我的父母。 What do you think of
13、 that book?你认为那本书怎么样? think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考” 。 如:Think about what you have done!想想你所做的这一切吧! think over 意思是“仔细考虑,认真思考” 。 如:Before you answer this question,please think it over在回答这个问题之前,请认真考虑一下。 this kind of, of this kind 二者都表示“这种” ,但“this kind of名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与 kind 保持一致;“名词of this kind”作主语
14、时,谓语动词的数常与该名词保持一致。如: This kind of actress is easy to find but directors of this kind are scarce 这种女演员不难找,可是这种导演却不多见。 though;although;as 这三个词都可以表示“虽然” 、 “尽管” 。though 和 although引导让步状语从句时,常可互换,只是 although 的语气更强一些。如: ThoughAlthough it was late,the farmers kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of th
15、e tractors 此外, though 可以用于省略句,although 很少这样用 though 引导的从句可以部分倒装,although 引导的从句不用倒装语序。如: Though poor, he is always neatly dressed Poor though I am, I can afford it as 表示“虽然” 、 “尽管”引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序,将表语、状语等置于句首。 Tired as he was, he went on working with his workmates Child as he is, he knows a lot abo
16、ut the computer 注意:as 引导让步状语从句时,若充当表语的名词位于句首,则该名词前面不用冠词。 through; over; across; into 1) The PLA man jumped the water to save the boy 2) The highway goes under the river the tunnel 3) There is a bridge the river 4) The ship sailed the Atlantic 5) The students walked the gate with Mr Liu 析: into。意为“进入
17、;到里” ,含动作方向为由外向里之意。 through。意为“通过;穿过” ,侧重于指从物体的中间穿过。 over。此处意为“(位置)横跨;在上面” ,表示动作时为“越过”之意。 across。意为“横过;穿过” ,一般指从房间、原野、海洋等一端横越到另一端或两个动作方向成十字交叉状。 trip;journey;travel;tour trip 是非正式用语,指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。如: We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seaside during our vacation 在假期里我们到最近的海滨作了一次愉快的旅行。 journ
18、ey 常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是比较正式的用语。如: He made a long journey from Beijing to London 他从北京到伦敦做了一次长途旅行。 travel 泛指旅行、游历,是最为普通的用语,但无路程的含义。如: He came home after five years of travel 五年的旅行后,他回到家中。 tour 常指访问多处的观光旅行,常指周游后回到原出发地之意。如: Confucius began to make his tour among the states 孔夫子开始周游列国。 try on; try ou
19、t try on 指“试穿(衣服、鞋子) ”及“试戴(帽子) ”等,其中的 on 为副词,当宾语是代词时,该宾语要放在 on 之前;如果宾语是名词,该宾语放在 on 之前或之后均可。例如: try on a coattry a coat on 试穿衣服 The new hat is for youPlease try it on 这新帽子是给你的,请试试看。 try out 指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法,其中的 out 为副词,当宾语是代词时,try out 要分开用。例如: We tried out this new crop on a large area last year 去年
20、我们大面积试种这种新庄稼。 Ill try it out and see if it works 我来试试看能否行得通。 2012 高考英语常用词汇辨析 500 例 T take along; take care of; take place; take out 1) Miss Wang a handkerchief and blew her nose 2) Mr Zhang some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there 3) Since 1996, great changes in our school 4) My grand
21、mother was illI must stay at home to her 析: took out。表示“拿出;掏出” 。 took along。表示“携带;随身带着” ,其中along 是副词。 have taken place。表示“发生” ,相当于一不及物动词,无被动语态。 take care of 。表示“ 照料;照管;照顾” 。 tell from; tell between 二者均为习惯用法:tell A from B 意为“区分 A 和 B”,也可以说成 tell the difference between A and B。如:Can you tell American
22、English from British English 你能分辨出美国英语和英国英语吗?To tell the truth, I really cant tell the differences between the Maori and American Indians 老实说,我真的分不清毛利人和印第安人。 the same as;the same that the same as 是表示“相似或同一类的人和事”之意。例如: Many of the sports were the same as they are now 过去的很多体育项目和现在的一样。 This is the same
23、 book as Mr Wang lost 这本书跟王先生丢失的那本一模一样。 而 the same that 作“同一个人或同一件事”解。例如: This is the same book that Mr Wang lost 这本书就是王先生丢失的那本书。 That is the same bike that I lost 那辆自行车就是我丢失的那辆。 think ofthink aboutthink over 这三个词组都与“想”有关,但所表达的含义有所不同。 think of 多用来指 “想起,认为 ”。 如:Last night,before I went to bed,I thoug
24、ht of my parents昨晚我睡觉前,想起了我的父母。 What do you think of that book?你认为那本书怎么样? think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考” 。 如:Think about what you have done!想想你所做的这一切吧! think over 意思是“仔细考虑,认真思考” 。 如:Before you answer this question,please think it over在回答这个问题之前,请认真考虑一下。 this kind of, of this kind 二者都表示“这种” ,但“this k
25、ind of名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与 kind 保持一致;“名词of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与该名词保持一致。如: This kind of actress is easy to find but directors of this kind are scarce 这种女演员不难找,可是这种导演却不多见。 though;although;as 这三个词都可以表示“虽然” 、 “尽管” 。though 和 although引导让步状语从句时,常可互换,只是 although 的语气更强一些。如: ThoughAlthough it was late,the farm
26、ers kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors 此外, though 可以用于省略句,although 很少这样用 though 引导的从句可以部分倒装,although 引导的从句不用倒装语序。如: Though poor, he is always neatly dressed Poor though I am, I can afford it as 表示“虽然” 、 “尽管”引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序,将表语、状语等置于句首。 Tired as he was, he went on working w
27、ith his workmates Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer 注意:as 引导让步状语从句时,若充当表语的名词位于句首,则该名词前面不用冠词。 through; over; across; into 1) The PLA man jumped the water to save the boy 2) The highway goes under the river the tunnel 3) There is a bridge the river 4) The ship sailed the Atlantic 5) Th
28、e students walked the gate with Mr Liu 析: into。意为“进入;到里” ,含动作方向为由外向里之意。 through。意为“通过;穿过” ,侧重于指从物体的中间穿过。 over。此处意为“(位置)横跨;在上面” ,表示动作时为“越过”之意。 across。意为“横过;穿过” ,一般指从房间、原野、海洋等一端横越到另一端或两个动作方向成十字交叉状。 trip;journey;travel;tour trip 是非正式用语,指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。如: We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seas
29、ide during our vacation 在假期里我们到最近的海滨作了一次愉快的旅行。 journey 常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是比较正式的用语。如: He made a long journey from Beijing to London 他从北京到伦敦做了一次长途旅行。 travel 泛指旅行、游历,是最为普通的用语,但无路程的含义。如: He came home after five years of travel 五年的旅行后,他回到家中。 tour 常指访问多处的观光旅行,常指周游后回到原出发地之意。如: Confucius began to make
30、 his tour among the states 孔夫子开始周游列国。 try on; try out try on 指“试穿(衣服、鞋子) ”及“试戴(帽子) ”等,其中的 on 为副词,当宾语是代词时,该宾语要放在 on 之前;如果宾语是名词,该宾语放在 on 之前或之后均可。例如: try on a coattry a coat on 试穿衣服 The new hat is for youPlease try it on 这新帽子是给你的,请试试看。 try out 指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法,其中的 out 为副词,当宾语是代词时,try out 要分开用。例如: We
31、tried out this new crop on a large area last year 去年我们大面积试种这种新庄稼。 Ill try it out and see if it works 我来试试看能否行得通。 考试管理中心 2009-08-23 22:59 2012 高考英语常用词汇辨析 500 例 S satisfaction; content satisfaction“满足” ,为名词,指达到希望时所感觉到的较强的满足感,其形容词为satisfactory(指事物,不可用人作主语)或 satisfied(可用人作主语) 。例如: His success gave me gr
32、eat satisfaction 他的成功令我非常满意。 Your work is satisfactory 你的工作令人满意。 I am satisfied at your success 我对你的成功感到满意。 content“满足” ,为普通用语,语气较弱,其要求值不高,一般的事情只要过得去或没有什么不满就算 content,可作名词或形容词(可用人作主语) 。例如: He takes content in nothing 他这人从不知足。 He takes content in everything 他这人容易满足。 He is content to live in the count
33、ryside 他满足于住在乡下。 search;search for ; searchfor;in search of search vtsearch sb搜某人的身; search a place 搜某个地方。如: The policeman is searching a thief那警察正在搜小偷的身。 search for sbsth搜寻、寻找某人、某物。如: They searched for that man everywhere他们到处寻找那个人。 searchfor sbsth搜寻找某人、某物。如: They searched the woods for a lost child他们在树林里搜寻一个丢失的孩子。 insearch of 中的 search 为名词,意为“寻找;寻求” 。如: They went to Australia in search of gold他们去澳大利亚寻找金子。 search; search for; look for search 用作及物动词,后跟“人”时,意为“搜身” ;后跟地点名词时,表示“对某地进行搜查” 。也可在宾语后加 for 短语,表示搜查具体目标。如: The policemen searched everyone at the party 警察对参加聚会的每个人都进行了