1、作文常见的类型,常见的类型-按要求的呈现方式分,英语高考作文为Guided Writing， 题目要求的呈现方式分为两种： 纯文字如： 2004年上海高考老师要求你负责班级墙报工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈想法。B图片或图表加文字,常见的类型-按要求的呈现方式分,如： 2004 年上海春-图片简要描述图片，并谈谈你对学生在业余时间参加过多的补习和培训的看法。,常见的类型- 阐述主题型,高考英语作文常见的类-按内容分 阐述主题型： 描述所给的现象，提出观点并阐述理由如：2008年上海高考你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长
2、希望大家积极参加。对此谈谈你的看法。你的文章必须包括以下内容：你是否会参加比赛你做出该决定的具体理由。,At the news that our class will call on some students to take part in the group dancing competition in school, I feel very excited. As one student in our class, I will take part in the competition. The reasons why I have decided to do so are as fol
3、lows:The first point is that Im keen on dance. And Im one of the members of our school dancing group. If I can take part in the competition, I may take advantage of my dancing skills and help other students in my class to improve their dancing skills.In addition, the group dancing competition may ad
4、d a brilliant touch to our school life. Since life in school is always very busy, we may as well make full use of this opportunity to relax ourselves. Furthermore, dance is a kind of physical activity which can benefit our health. Last but not the least, I feel it an honor to represent my class to t
5、ake part in the group dancing competition. Because of the love for my class, Im sure to take part in such a good chance to make some contributions for my classmates. I will treasure it as a most happy time in my memory.,（2002年上海春季高考）某城市今年每百人中手机用户增长 （示意图）,根据所给图表，简要描述某城市今年每百人手机（mobile phone)用户增长情况，并试分
6、析其增长原因。,如： 2002 春考-图表,From the chart we may see that the percentage of people owning mobile phones has risen sharply since 1995, when only 1 percent of people owned mobile phones. And in 2001 half of the population had mobile phones. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows.,First of all, peop
7、les living standard has been greatly improved, and more and more people can afford such modern equipment as mobile phones. Secondly, mass production has brought down the prices, which contributes to the popularization of them. Last but not least, people have come to realize the importance of informa
8、tion in what is known as “information times”. Those who have access to the latest news are somewhat more competent in the society.,I think that the trend of owning mobile phones will continue into the 21st century. With the development of modern science and technology, not only will mobile become sm
9、aller and cheaper, they will also have more functions.,2009年某海外学校举办英语夏令营，开设了如下课程：园艺 (gardening)，烹饪 (cooking)，防身术 (self-defence)，护理 (nursing)。假如你是王跃华（不可以用自己的真实姓名），写一封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习。信的内容必须包括： 你感兴趣的课程 你期望从这门课程中学到什么 为什么想学这些内容,Dear leader，I am very glad that your school will hold the English Summer Ca
10、mp that contains many courses ，such as gardening, cooking, self-defense, nursing and so on. I want to register to attend a course about gardening, because I have liked flowers ,grasses etc. since I was a little child. I especially like playing in the garden where I can enjoy the beauty of nature. Fo
11、r one thing, I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major in gardening and study it more easily when I attend university. Besides, I can realize the hardship of the work in the garden and care more about the plants much more. For another, after graduation from col
12、lege, I will choose to be a gardener, cultivating the flowers and grasses with which I believe our country will become one of the most beautiful around the country.Im looking forward to your course beginning very soon. Yours, Wang yue hua,2007年上海高考以“礼物”为主题写一篇作文。该文章必须包括以下内容： 1）你送礼物的对象及所送的礼物； 2）该礼物对他（
13、她）可能产生的影响或带来的变化。,常见的类型- 阐述主题型,As it is universally acknowledged that presents may convey friendship and precious feelings, I have an idea in my mind that a unique gift should be sent to my intimate friend who will leave for the U.S.A in August.The present consists of two parts- one photo album and a
14、 letter. As she opens the album, the hours of happiness and the period of sorrow that we shared together will be unfolded, thus locking the days into her permanent memory. When she misses her homeland and her friends, this album may act as the most effective medicine on homesickness. As for the lett
15、er, I hope that it may give her power and courage when she is depressed. So I will write in the letter that “There is no way to happiness, happiness is the way. Complete darkness may endure for a night, but it will never overcome the radiant light of morning.”On the whole, the present bears my since
16、re wishes and it will become an everlasting symbol of our friendship.,常见的类型- 阐述主题型,. 阐述主题型 这类题型要求围绕一个主题或一句话（名言，谚语），给出理由或以具体事例来说明。如：2005年上海高考作文古人云：“天生我材必有用。” 通过描述你生活中的一件事，说明人各有所长，无论才能大小，都能成为有用的人.,There is an old English saying that there must be a use for my talent. I have regarded it as my motto for
17、 many years. From my point of view, there is no difference between one person and another. With some useful talent, youre sure to make your contributions to our society.When I was ten years old, there was an old man living at the corner of xx road /next to me. He didnt have the opportunity to study
18、in school, but he learned how to make wooden furniture. Every time people went to ask him to solve some problems of furniture, he was always ready to help.,To my surprise, in his spare time, he would make some toys with small pieces of wood. Some of them were sold in the toy store and the others wer
19、e given to us. The moment I see the lovely toys made by him I would remember /sight of those lovely toys usually reminds me of the happy childhood.From the old mans story, we can see whatever kind of talent you have, you can find your own method to display your talent. The important factor is your c
20、onfidence. If you believe that there must be a use for your talent, you will succeed/As long as you believe you can, you can.,常见的类型- 解决方法型,. 解决方法型 这类题型要求考生针对问题提出合理的解决问题的建议或途径 如：轿车大量进入家庭后，给交通和环境造成了负面的影响。对此，请你提出一些合理的建议。,Nowadays the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Like everything
21、 else, private cars have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the favorable aspects can be listed as follows:First, private cars can bring convenience and mobility to owners. A car allows a person to move comfortably and safely as well as quickly and freely. Because my family owns a ca
22、r, we are able to make extensive journeys every year. Therefore I believe the tourists industry in China will develop more quickly with the increase in the number of private cars.Secondly, if more people buy cars, the automobile industry will develop dramatically. Whats more, the growth of the autom
23、obile industry can trigger the boom of other important and related industries such as iron and steel production, energy and technological application.,Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, too many cars will give rise to a series of problems, such as seriou
24、s environmental pollution and more traffic accidents.In addition, the driver may have to drive around and around looking for available parking spaces. Through above analysis, we can see that private cars should be restricted rather than encouraged.,常见的类型- 利弊型,.利弊型 这种题型往往要求考生说明一下现状，对比两个事物的利弊，最后要求考生表明
25、自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）如：目前,城市的街头出现了越来越多的猫与狗, 对此 中学生英语报组织了一场讨论:城市内是否可以饲养宠物. 请你根据下表所提供的信息,介绍讨论情况,并就这一问题说明自己的观点与建议.,范文的解读：,内容语言 3. 组织结构,Recently, a discussion of which the topic is whether keeping pets should be allowed in cities has been held.In the discussion, some people think that there are several adva
26、ntages of keeping pets. For example, pets can keep old people company, helping them get rid of loneliness. They can also add a lot of fun to life.Others hold the view that keeping pets has more disadvantages. They say that it will lead to the pollution of the environment. And pets sometimes can be v
27、ery noisy. They will even hurt people.,In my opinion, keeping pets should be permitted in big cities, but we should pay attention to the wayof keeping pets/ pets are kept. We should teach the pets where to shit and what they should or shouldnt do. Wed better take good care of our pets for fear that
28、they should bark in the night or be unfriendly to other people.In this way, keeping pets could be fun both for you and for the society.,Nowadays, more and more children are growing up with no brothers or sisters to play with, then isnt a pet better than just an advanced computer for them? Pets can h
29、elp to cultivate the emotion of love and care. They can ease our pressure and give us a sense of pleasure. Although some people think they may carry fatal disease, we can take measures to protect ourselves. As long as we keep them in a proper way, they will be members of families as well as the whol
30、e society.,条理清晰的开头：,There are more and more cats and dogs in the streets. A discussion was held to talk about whether people can keep pets in cities. Some people said pets could accompany those old people and make us happier. However, others pointed out that pollution might be caused and sometimes t
31、hey would bark or hurt people.In my point of view, we should ,简洁有力的开头：,Whether we should raise pets in cities is now a controversial question. Many people hold the view that raising a pet does good to themselves. On the other hand, some other people cant bear a pet around them. From my perspective,
32、raising pets is quite a good thing.,不落俗套的开头：,Nowadays, more and more people tend to raise a pet because it can keep old people company as well as add a lot of fun to their daily life. But others who are against keeping pets hold the view that pets are quite dirty, noisy and sometimes even dangerous.
33、 In my opinion, youll find your life better than ever if you are able to raise a pet properly.,良好的衔接：,Is it good to keep cats and dogs in our city? Someone says that.But the opposite voice says thatWell, I think,良好的衔接与呼应：,There are both advantages and disadvantages of raising a pet. Frankly speaking
34、, these problems do exist, but there are ways to overcome them. First, Secondly, Pets can keep us company, and a life without those cute little creatures would be much more boring.,有力的论述：,As for me, raising pets is surely a pleasure. Not only for the fun pets can bring about, but also in that we can
35、 feel a call of the wild and a sense of nature, which can hardly be found in cities.,观点的充分阐述、有力的结尾：,In my view, like many other activities, raising pets, though having shown some negative effects, should be allowed in the city. What matters in how we raise them Its whether youre responsible for them
36、 that decides whether you can live happily with your pets and other people.,建设性的建议：,It seems hard to decide whether we can have pets in the cities. My point of view is that we can set up a system to control it, from the birth of a pet to its death. Medical examinations and special training is requir
37、ed if one wants to have a pet.Then it will be fun and safe to have a pet as a friend.,Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports,Going to sports is an important part of our life. We often play football or enjoy other kinds of outdoor activities in our free time. There are two major aspects of sport, go
38、od and bad.In the positive aspect, sports help us strengthen our physical body and build our competitive and cooperative mind. By enjoying it, we also can relax ourselves. On the other hand/In the negative aspect, sports may throw us into the risk of getting ourselves hurt. Some immoral people use s
39、ports for such bad purposes as gambling, and these things can be often seen from the screen and newspapers.,I like sport because it always gives me chances to enjoy myself. When I kick the ball into the goal in a football game, I feel that I am the hero and I think everyone likes that feeling. Why s
40、till wait there? Join us in the sports now!,常见的类型- 图表型,图表型 这类题型可分为读图和读表两种形式。这类作文通过画面（上海高考多为一张图片）提供的信息，或表格中数字文字提供的信息，让考生得出一个结论或形成一种观点，并对此加以阐述。如：）读图片2002年全国高考上海英语试卷,2002年全国高考上海英语试卷 Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in over 120 words based on the picture and the instructions given
41、 below.,简要描述图片内容，结合生活实际，就图片的主题谈谈自己的感想,In the picture, we can see that the girls parents and her grandmother are helping the girl, which makes it impossible for the girl to ride bicycle on herself. What is more ridiculous, her mother even takes some medicine.In fact, this is not a picture just for fu
42、n. It tells us that parents shouldnt help their children too much. They should let their children be more independent.Many parents share the opinion that they must get every thing ready for their children so that their children could put more emphasis on their study.,图表型-读图片：这类作文通过画面（上海高考多为一张图片）提供的信
43、息，让考生得出一个结论或形成一种观点，并对此加以阐述。,They all failed to consider that with help of this kind, children wont be able to live their own life without their parents in the future. Nowadays, It is often reported that a certain college student doesnt know how to wash her socks! How can she compete with others afte
44、r graduation?Love and attention is needed in the growth of a child, but it should never be too much or youll spoil the child and he will accomplish nothing in his life.,常见的类型- 图表型,如：） 读图表： （2006上海上海高考）下表提供了你所心仪的南、北两所大学的招生信息。通过比较作出选择，并结合个人情况说明理由。,I am a senior three student and will begin to receive
45、my high education from this September. So I am considering which university I should apply for.Among the universities all over the country, the Southern University and the Northern University are my favorite ones, and both have respective advantages. The expense of the Southern University is 8,000yu
46、an per year, 3,000yuan more expensive than that of the Northern University. However, the number of students that will be admitted into the Southern University is twice that of the Northern University, accounting for 20. As to the Northern University, what attracts me most is the beneficial policy th
47、at if I apply for it, I will get an extra 20-point in my college entrance exam. Its really a remarkable factor/ real bonus.,Having thought twice, difficult as making the final decision is, I choose the Northern University. First, its cheaper studying there, so that my parents burden of money will re
48、latively light. Second, 20 point is of considerable amount, which will certainly help me in my exam. Although it will enroll only 10 students, I have the confidence to be admitted. 评价： 能根据题目要求，对表格中所提供南北两所高校的不同方面进行比较，从而作出决定，并结合个人的实际，比较具体地阐明了自己对各种条件的态度和想法。表达较流利，错误很少，展示出一定的遣词造句能力，是一篇写得较好的作文。,常见的类型-按要求的
49、体裁分,英语高考作文若按文体分，常有四种体裁： A信 B. 讲稿 C. 日记 D. 一般的文章如果作文有明确的体裁要求，应注意文章的基本格式,(Nanchezhan Road.) Jan. 21, 2009 Dear Mr./ Mrs./ Ms. /Miss. + surname, Dear Sir/ Madam/ Sir or Madam,Im writing to you about/ + doing sth Yours sincerely/ faithfully, X X X,结束语,签名,称呼(注意标点）,正文,写信人地址和日期,体裁-信的格式,Good morning, X XX! / Hello， Everyone! Today/ Here Im going to talk about./ The topic of my speech today is. Thank you for your attention/ joining me!,体裁-演讲的格式,日期 + 星期 + （天气） （第一行）,体裁-日记的格式,正文注意时态：叙事用过去时；发表看法用现在或将来时。,
