1、英语词类、句子成分及句子(一),初高中英语教学衔接,词类,词类也叫词性,分为10种:名词、动词、形容词、代词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。 其中,名词、动词、形容词、代词、副词、数词六种为实词,冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四种为虚词。感叹词可忽略不管。,词类的英文缩写 名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 代词 pron. 副词 adv. 数词 num. 冠词 art. 介词 prep. 连词 conj. 感叹词 interj.,实词可单独充当句子成分,虚词不能单独充当句子成分。,句子成分的定义,组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分,包括主语、谓语(由动词充当)、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定
2、语、状语和同位语(通常由名词充当,在教材中讲)。其中,主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语及表语称为句子的基本成分。 而定语、状语和同位语称为句子的附属成分。,noun adj. / adv. etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,及物动词vt.,连系v.,不及物动词vi.,noun. / pronoun.,noun. / pronoun.,句子基本成分与词类的关系,be/become /get/ grow / turn etc.,adj. noun. pronoun. etc.,v.,1 主语:一般在句子开头。如:,Lucy is an American girl. We study in Jiaozh
3、ou No.1 Middle School. The rich should help the poor.,注意 there be 句型,主语不是there。 There are a lot of children in the street.,2 谓语:通常放在主语之后,谓语在人称和数方面必须和主语一致。,The sun rises in the east. He likes English. Her parents are workers. She is running.,以上都是简单谓语,还有复合谓语。复合谓语由情态动词等助动词+动词原形构成。 I can swim. I dont le
4、arn Spanish.,3 宾语:只出现在两个地方,要么vt.后面,要么prep.后面。如:,He often helps me. We study English at school.,注意双宾语: Laura passed me an eraser.,4 宾语补足语:是补充说明宾语的。如:,His parents named him Jim.,We found the book interesting.,Lucy leaves the light on.,如何区分双宾语和宾语补足语?,We elected him monitor. John bought his brother a dictionary.,him 与monitor 是主谓关系, 宾补,his brother 与 a dictionary 是并列平行关系,是双宾语,5 表语:只出现在连系动词后面,连系动词后面的都是表语。如:,You are a student.,He looks nice.,We are at home .,