1、1,词语翻译,2,英汉词语在表达上的差异,词汇涵义的范围不同词义不完全对应,英语： 灵活，范围广， 依赖上下文,汉语： 严谨，凝滞， 范围窄,e.g. well ：涌出、喷出”（动词）；“好、很好、好意地、恰当地”（副词）；“健康、很好、可取的”（形容词）；“井、泉、源泉、令人满意的事物”（名词）；“咳、嗯、好吧”（语气词）,3,英语一词多义,Business was rather slow last month. 上个月生意不太景气 The book is rather slow. 这本书很乏味（不精彩）。 Youd better go slow in reaching a conclusi
2、on. 你最好不要急于下结论。 He is slow of understanding.他理解力较差。 He is so slow that I have to explain everything several times. 他太迟钝，所有的事我都得解释好几遍。 Be slow to promise but quick to practice. 不要轻易许诺，但一旦许诺要尽快实践。He is slow at speech with women yet. 跟女人说话，他还有点笨嘴拙舌。,4,Develop trouble Develop a force Developing a practi
3、cal rod Develop a statement Develop a theory Develop a new type of potato Develop a tuberculosis Develop his own manner of acting Develop all the natural substances,Develop the deposit Develop a design Develop the science of agriculture Develop a kind of paper Develop photos Develop an extramarital
4、affair Develop new materials Develop childrens interest Develop the western region,5,Oh, what a story. 哦，好个谎话。 To make a long story short. 长话短说。 It is another story. 这是另外一个问题。 He storied about his academic career and his professional career. 他编造了他的学历和经历。,6,Once the story got abroad, I would never he
5、ar the last of it. 要是这个奇闻传了出去，就会议论个没完没了。 You put me on the spot. I have to cook up a story this time. 你把我拖下水，这回我要找借口了。 It was reported that the general was dead, but officials refused to confirm the story. 据说将军已死，但官方拒绝证实这消息。,7,to launch a movement, campaign, drive 搞运动、活动； to launch a training progra
6、m, class, course 举办培训班， to launch a satellite 发射卫星 to launch a loan 发放贷款,8,翻译时注意：,平时多积累 Their people have always been available to offer assistance and answer technical questions. 他们的工作人员随时为我们提供支持并解答技术上的问题。 You have a creative edge in business. 你获得创造性地商业优势。,9,感情色彩 P20 正确使用语体 P21 符合逻辑和实际情况 P22,10,Hom
7、ework,写10个含kill不同词义的句子，并将句子翻译成汉语。 Translate the following sentences How to develop an online course? Scientists develop “brain chip”. The purpose of this course is to help students develop understanding of business communications in English at an intermediate level. From life to death is mans reach.
8、 The new principal has no previous experience of school government. He put forward some new ideas to challenge the interest of all concerned.,11,增词法、减词法,12,一、为了语法上的需要而增词 时态要求 补充原文因语法省略的词 二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词 增加动词 形容词 副词 名词 量词 三、为了增加背景文化知识 四、名词复数翻译的增词法,语气词 范畴词 概括性的词 承上启下的词,13,一、为了语法上的需要而增词,时态要求 汉语表示时态的词：着，
9、了，过等 P33 The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree.,14,补充原文因语法省略的词,Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.,从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好,end,15,二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词,增加动词 形容词 副词 名词 量词,语气词
10、 范畴词 概括性的词 承上启下的词,16,增加动词 In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.在中国，我们每到一个城市就遛大街、逛商店、游公园、看演出、吃名菜。（） In the evening, after the banquet, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看
11、乒乓球表演之 后，他还得起草最后公报。汉语动词连用 vs 只有一个定式动词I forgot my key我忘了带钥匙,why,二、为了表达清晰和自然而增词,17,增加形容词 The war made a man of him.战争把他锻造成一个堂堂的男子汉。 Deflation has now reached unprecedented level. 通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重的地步。,end,18,增加副词,The crowds melted away.,人群渐渐散开了,As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.,他一坐下来就讲开
12、了，滔滔不绝地讲的没完。,end,19,增加名词,不及物动词宾语隐含在动词后面,抽象名词后增加名词,具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词,在形容词前加名词,end,20,不及物动词宾语隐含在动词后面,First you borrow, then you beg.,头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭,Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.,他每天来干活扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。,end,21,形容词,This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.,这部打字机真是物美价廉。,He is
13、 a complicated manmoody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.,他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹豫寡欢。,end,22,To persuade To prepare Backward Tense Arrogant Mad antagonistic,说服 准备 落后 紧张 自满 疯狂 敌对,Persuasion Preparation Backwardness Tension Arrogance Madness antagonism,说服工作 准备工作 落后状态 紧张局势 自满情绪 疯狂行为 敌对态度,抽象名词后增加名词,
14、23,具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词,He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.,他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。,end,24,增加表示名词复数的词 增加重迭词表示复数 增加数词或其他词表示复数,Flowers bloom all over the yard,朵朵鲜花开满了庭院,The lion is the king of animals.,狮是百兽之王,25,The ASIAN countries have designated 1992
15、as “Asian Tourism Year”, and are cooperating in a drive to convince the worlds pleasure-and-culture-seekers of their attractions.,亚洲几个国家将1992年指定为“亚洲旅游年”，携手合作发起一场宣传攻势，旨在让世界各地的那些猎奇探胜的游客确信，他们这些国家也有许多引人入胜的旅游景观。,26,增加量词数词与可数名词直接连用有些动词或动作名词,27,数词与可数名词直接连用,A tractor A bike A full moon A mouth A bad dream,A
16、 red sun rose slowly from the calm sea,一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。,A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river.,一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。,end,28,增加语气词的、呢、吧、啊、呀等,Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you.,不要认真嘛！我只不过和你开个玩笑罢了。,As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.,我呢，从一开始就不赞成。,end
17、,29,增加概括性的词 Sino-British links have multipliedpolitical, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.,中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系进一步加强了。,The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.,论文总结了电子计算机，人造卫星，和火箭三方面的新成就。,end,3
18、0,增加承上启下的词,Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.,不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。,end,31,三、为了增加背景文化知识,揭示背景、介绍习俗及阐释典故,Pumpkin-eater,养不活老婆的人,Swan song,辞世之作，归天之作,Waterloo,滑铁卢,end,32,四、名词复数翻译的增词法,See course book p38-40,33,Homework,1Inflation was and still is the No.1
19、 problem for that country. 2.Your packing is not as good as your competitors. 3.Men and nations working apart created these problems, men and nations working together must solve them. (名词复数的翻译P.235） 4. He seized the chance for peace between them. 5. I like your policies of first come, first served.,
20、34,3.Men and nations working apart created these problems, men and nations working together must solve them. (名词复数的翻译,人与人之间以及国与国之间离心离德产生了这些问题：人与人之间以及国与国之间同心同德必定能解决这些问题。 人民和国家分开工作制造了这些问题，必须共同解决。,35,宾语代词,Any excuse will serve if one has not a mind to do it.,如果不想干， 总会找到借口。,We assure you of our reciproc
21、ation your courtesy at any time.,贵行的好意我方保证随时回报。,36,物主代词,固定搭配,He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.,他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。,37,省略It,非人称的it,和强势句中的it,It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.,她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。,It was with some difficulty that he found th
22、e way to his own house.,他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。,38,省略连词,He looked gloomy and troubled.,他看上去有些忧愁不安。,Because departure is not easy we made it brief.,告别这件事难得很，我们就做得简单一些。,39,省略冠词,China is changing, and the changes in China, if they continue, may profoundly change the world.,中国在发生变化，这种变化如果持续下去，就可能真正(彻底)（深刻）地改变全世
23、界。,40,前置词,Smoking is prohibited in public places.,公共场所不准吸烟。,On the 13th of May, 1956, I became a civilian again.,1956年5月13号，我又是一个老百姓了。,41,从修辞的角度,英语重复出现的短语,University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.,报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。,Domestic lighting circuits shou
24、ld be at least two in number.,家用照明电路至少用该是两条。,42,Homework,1.He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15. 2.She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 3.In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia. 4. It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. Domestic light
25、ing circuits should be at least two in number.,43,Tariffs may be used simply to obtain revenue. In some developing countries, revenue tariffs provide an important part of the governments income.,征收关税可能只是为了获得收入。有些发展中国家，财政关税在其政府收入中是很重要的一部分。,44,Often, however, tariffs are protective, and are designed t
26、o carry out a particular economic policy. They may help to reduce a balance of payments deficit or to protect an infant industry against strong international competition from older corporations.,然而，关税又经常具有保护性质，用来贯彻一项特定的经济政策。这类关税有助于减少国际收支逆差，或保护新生工业在国际竞争中顶住来自老资格公司的强大挑战。,45,A revenue tariff will always
27、 provide some protection, and a protective tariff will produce some revenue. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between revenue and protective tariffs form economic evidence alone.,财政关税总能提供某种保护，一项保护关税会产生一定的收入。因此，但就经济效益而言，很难区分财政关税和保护关税。,46,When a tariff is imposed on an import, the direct impa
28、ct on price is to raise it by the amount of the tariff. Market factors, however, can modify this effect. Hence, the final price increase due to a tariff may be less than, equal to, or more than the amount of the tariff.,对某一进口商品征收关税时，对价格的直接影响就是把价格提高到加上税额的水平。然而，市场的因素可以缓和这种影响。所以，因关税而引起的最终的商品提价可能低于税额，或与
29、税额相等，或者高于税额。,47,In many cases, though, the final price increase is reasonably close to the amount of the tariff. In contrast, the impact of a quota on price is much harder to predict.,不过，在许多情况下，最终的提价合理地接近税额。对比之下，配额对价格的影响更加难以预测。,48,The effects are particularly uncertain with goods which are not produ
30、ced at all domestically.,如果产品根本不是本国制造，其影响就更加无法确定。,49,For instance, many countries do not have their own car industry, so that an import quota can cause a considerable shift in automobile prices.,例如，许多国家没有汽车工业，所以一向进口配额会使汽车价格出现相当大的波动。,50,Letters of Credit for the importation of goods form foreign coun
31、tries into Canada are frequently required by the supplier to be established in his favor; sometimes these are for surprisingly small amounts, obviously where the importer is little known to the exporter, otherwise ordinary “bill for collection” or “open account procedure” whole be followed.,办理从外国向加拿
32、大进口货物时，供货人往往要求开立以它为受益人的信用证；有时信用证的金额小得惊人，尤其当进口商不大为出口商所了解时更是如此，不然的话就地采取普通的“票据托收”或者“开帐户”的方式来解决。,51,Many Canadian importers are therefore familiar with these instruments. The Canadian importer, when faced with such a request, applies to his bank for the facility.,因此许多加拿大进口商对这些支付方式很熟悉。加拿大进口商碰到这种要求时便向自己的银
33、行申请信贷便利。,52,As the banks undertaking will be replacing that of the importer, the bank will treat this as an application for credit and will give consideration to setting up a “lineof credit” in the same way as if it were an application for a loan. If the “line” is granted or has already been arrange
34、d, the importer completes an “Application for Commercial Credit” in which he gives full details of the Credit requires.,由于银行承诺将取代进口商的承诺，银行将此视为申请信贷，而且会考虑设立一个“信贷额度”，就和申请一笔贷款一样。如果这种“额度”已经提供或者安排妥当，进口商便办理“商业信贷申请”手续，向银行提供他所需信贷的详细要求。,53,Normally, the Credit will be “irrevocable”, that is once it has been r
35、eceived by or advised to the beneficiary it cannot be retracted or changed without the beneficiarys consent, and the opening bank must meet any drafts presented provided the terms of the Letter of Credit have been complied with.,在通常情况下，信用证是“不可撤销的”，就是说，一旦信用证被受益人收到或者通知给他，未经受益人同意该信用证是不能收回或者更改的，而且提示的任何汇
36、票，只要符合信用证的条款，开征银行都必须照样解付。,54,It is Shell companies policy to promote a management style of direct involvement of employees in decisions affecting their jobs. Staff are encouraged to discuss the objectives of the unit in which they work before these are finally established.,促进确立自己的管理风格是壳牌公司的政策。这种管理风格
37、就是让员工直接参与做出与其工作有关的决策，即在其所属部门的工作目标最终确立之前，公司鼓励员工参与这些目标的讨论。（公司鼓励员工参与所属部门的工作目标的讨论，然后才制定这些部门的工作目标。）,55,Through the staff reporting system, staff are also encouraged to take part in setting their work targets for the coming year, to identify their own training needs and to develop their own ambitions so t
38、hat these may be taken into account in career planning.,通过员工汇报制度，公司还鼓励员工参与制定他们 自己来年的工作目标，认同他们自己的培训需求，发展确定他们自己的雄心壮志（理想），以便公司在制定专业培训计划时把这些（因素）也考虑在内。,员工,56,This approach which Group companies believe to be beneficial to the business and to give recognition to the legitimate expectations of employees is the core of its employee relations philosophy.,这种做法是该公司雇佣关系哲学（理念）的核心，集团公司相信这种做法对公司有益，并且对员工的合理期望能给于承认。,
