1、Unit 1 Lexical Translation Lesson 4 Determining meaning: Equivalence vs. Nonequivalence: False Friends 江苏技术师范学院外国语学院 罗国青,,,Company Logo,5. “假朋友”的识别, 密码（误）secret code (正) password 口水（误）mouth water (正)saliva 手机（误）hand phone (正)mobile phone 救火（误）to save a fire (正)to fight a fire 洗牌（误）to wash the playin
2、g cards (正)to shuffle the playing cards 大片（误）big movie (正)blockbuster 早恋（误）early love (正)puppy love 青春痘（误）youth spot (正)acne 蝴蝶结（误）butterfly knot (正)bow 长镜头（误）long lens (正) zoom lens,,Company Logo,方便面（误）convenient noodles (正)instant noodles 牛仔裤（误）cowboy trousers (正) jeans 不冻港（误）non-freezing port (正)
3、ice-free port 隐形眼镜（误）invisible glasses (正)contact lenses 课堂测验（误）classroom exam (正)pop-quiz 流动资金 （误）circulating funds （正） working capital 拳头产品 （误）first product （正）knockout product 新闻自由 （误）freedom of news （正）freedom of Press 买一赠一 （误）Buy one, present one （正）Buy one, get one free,,Company Logo, 酸奶 sour
4、milk 绿豆 green bean 卧室 living room 试穿 to have a fit 食言 eat ones words 鞋展 boot fair,,Company Logo,靴筒 bootleg 番茄酱 tomato sauce 向外看 look out 高等学校 high school 戴绿帽子 have/wear a green bonnet 黄色书籍 yellow book 翻天覆地 to move heaven and earth 街上的行人 street people 万福大酒店 Wanfu Wine Shop,,Company Logo, 农民 peasant 宣
5、传 propaganda 价廉物美 cheap and good,,Company Logo, 个人主义 individualism 唯心主义 idealism 自由主义 liberalism,,Company Logo, 你红光满面 Your face is very red. 他是一个“气管炎”。He suffers from tracheitis.,,Company Logo, 假花 artificial flower 假牙 false tooth 假唱 lip-synch 假钞 counterfeit money 假酒 adulterated wine 假新闻 pseudo-event
6、,,Company Logo, 大雨 heavy rain 大风 strong wind 大雾 thick fog 自我意识 self-consciousness 竞争意识 competitive spirit 恶性循环 vicious circle 恶性肿瘤 malignant tumor 恶性通货膨胀 galloping inflation 一次性拖鞋 disposable slippers 一次性付款 lump-sum payment,,Company Logo, 就在这一年，也许是第二年吧，福州有了电灯公司。我们这所大房子里也安上电灯，这在福州也是一件新鲜事，我们这班孩子跟着安装工人们
7、满房子跑，非常兴奋欢喜。 That year, or the year later, Fuzhou began to have its own power company and electricity lights were to be installed in our big house too. That was something new in our hometown. We kids, wild with excitement and joy, ran here and there in the house at the heels of the electricians. （冰心
8、祖父和灯火管制，张培基译）,,Company Logo, 现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。 Of the present 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half are not native, and one in every four is of Asian origin. The 250000 Chinese Canadians, half of whom immigrated here only within in the recent five year
9、s, have been playing a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver.,,Company Logo, 现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。 Of the present 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half are not native, and one in every four is of Asian origin. The 250000 Chinese Canadia
10、ns, half of whom immigrated here only within in the recent five years, have been playing a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver.,,Company Logo,6. 词义空缺与翻译策略 :音译法,当汉语文化中特有的事物在英语文化中完全空缺时，可采用音译法将这些具有特殊文化内涵的词语“移植”到英语文化中去。,,Company Logo,“气功”qigong “功夫”kong fu “太极”tai ji “风水”feng shui
11、“阴阳”yinyang “磕头”kowtow “旗袍”（长衫）cheongsam,,Company Logo,“馄饨”wonton “豆腐”tofu “杂碎”chop suey “饺子”jiaozi “荔枝”litchi、“乌龙茶”oolong等等。 许多采用音译法翻译的词语已成为英语中的外来词，被西方大众广泛接受。,,Company Logo,6. 词义空缺与翻译策略:意译法,意译法是翻译具有文化特色的词语时经常使用的翻译策略。意译法舍弃了词语的语言形式和字面意义，着眼于传达词语的文化信息。,,Company Logo,“皮蛋”preserved egg “元宵”sweet dumpling
12、s made of glutinous rice flour “粽子” a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves “探花”title conferred on the one who won the third place in the highest imperial examination in the Ming and Qing dynasties,,Company Logo,“拜堂” perform the marriage ceremony “华表”an orna
13、mental stone column used to decorate important building or public places/ornamental column/cloud pillar “盲流”jobless migrants from rural areas to cities “拔火罐”cupping等等。 意译法的优点在于能很好的传递词语的文化内涵，而不足之处在于语言形式不够简洁，不利于该文化概念在译语为而变化中的广泛传播。,,Company Logo,6. 词义空缺与翻译策略:直译法,直译法也是填补词义空缺的一种常用方法。它既可以使译文简洁明快，又能保留汉语文化词
14、语的原汁原味。,,Company Logo,“易经”Book of Changes “号脉”feel the pulse “京剧”Beijing Opera “龙舟”dragon boat “春节”Spring Festival “春卷”spring roll “八宝菜”eight treasure pickles “纸老虎”paper tiger “北大荒”the Great Northern wilderness “灯影牛肉”Shadow beef,,Company Logo,“希望工程”Hope Project “思想改造”ideological remoulding “一国两制”one
15、 country, two systems “八宝莲子粥”Eight Treasure Lotus Seed Porridge “文化大革命”Culture Revolution “毛泽东思想”Mao Tse-Tung Thought “四个现代化”four modernizations。应该注意的是这种翻译方法具有很大的局限性，译文读者了解的仅仅是词语的字面意义，很难深入理解这些词汇的文化内涵，在必要的时候，译者可将直译法与加注法结合起来，使词语的文化内涵在翻译中得到更好的传达。,,Company Logo,6. 词义空缺与翻译策略:加注法,加注法就是通过注释的形式在译文中补充必要的文化背景
16、知识，以弥补汉英文化的差异，帮助译文读者更好的理解这些具有特殊文化色彩的词语。,,Company Logo,例如汉英大词典中的“八卦”这一词条，在直译为the Eight Trigrams 之后还加上了适当的注解：eight combinations of three lines all solid, all broken, or a combinations of solid and broken lines joined in pairs to form 64 hexagrams, formerly used in divination. 加上这一注释之后，“八卦”的文化内涵一清二楚，确保
17、了译文读者对词语的透彻理解。,,Company Logo,又如“八股文”这一中国传统文化特有的事物也可用直译加注法译为eight-part essay (a literary composition prescribed for the imperial civil service examinations, known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas)。,,Company Logo,“满月酒”可译为One-Month-Old Birthday Feast(a special ceremony held after a baby ha
18、s been one month old).,,Company Logo,“龙虎斗”可译为Dragon and Tiger Fight (a traditional dish in Canton cuisine including meat and snake, resembling dragon, and cat or leopard, resembling tiger, well-known for its medical function of reliving rheumatism, promotion blood circulation, repelling ailment, and
19、 reinforcing body fluid).,,Company Logo,“西岳”可译为the Western Mountain (another name for Mount Huashan in Shaanxi Province) “白军”可译为the White Army (the reactionary bourgeois troops, in China referring to the Kuomintang army during the Second Revolutionary Civil War, 1927-1937) “红案”可译为red board(cooking t
20、hat deals with dishes, both meat and vegetables).,,Company Logo,除了与直译法相结合外，加注法还可作为音译法、意译法的补充，为译文读者提供更为详尽的词语文化内涵，促进东西方文化的交流。,,Company Logo,例如：“围棋”weiqi (a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses) “散手”Sanshou(Chinese boxing) “西施”Xishi(a famous beauty in the late Spring and Au
21、tumn period ) “碑帖”a rubbing from a stone inscription (usually as a model for calligraphy),,Company Logo,“表妹”younger female cousin (the daughter of ones fathers sister or of ones mothers brother or sister ),,Company Logo,“抓周”the grabbing test on the occasion of a babys first birthday(in which various
22、 articles e.g. a book, a writing brush, an inkstone, workmans tools, playthings and eatables, cosmetics and many an unexpected gadget- are assembly and spread out before the baby and the one particular article he picks up is supposed to give a general idea of his feature character and pattern of lif
23、e, his career and behaviour, his habits and bobbies ),,Company Logo,“元宵节”the Lantern Festival (the 15th of the 1st lunar month)等等。,,Company Logo,除了以括号或注释的形式加注之外，文内加注也可以对词语的文化意义进行补充说明。 例如：“下海”，直译为jumping into the sea容易引起误解，可在词语中添加“商海”这一注解，改译为jumping into the sea of business, 既传达了词义，又保留了汉语原词生动形象的语言形象。,
