1、三、代词,考点一 人称代词 人称代词有主格和宾格之分,在句中作主语时用主格,作宾语或表语时用宾格。,语法精讲,Tom is a student.He works very hard. 汤姆是一名学生,他学习非常努力。 Please send her the parcel.请把包裹寄给她。 He has a dog to keep him company.他有一条狗陪伴他。,作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种 句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。Tom,go and clean the yard.汤姆,去打扫院子。Why me?为什么是我? 在比较状语从句中,than,a
2、s后用主格或宾格都可以。He is taller than I/me.他比我高。,特别提示,考点二 物主代词,The students are doing their homework.学生们在做作业。 Your room is big while mine is small. 你的房间大,而我的房间小。,考点三 指示代词 指示代词包括this,that,these,those,such,same等。指示代词在句中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。 This is an interesting book.这是一本有趣的书。 Such was her opinion before meeting
3、Alice.这就是她见到艾丽斯以前的看法。 考点四 相互代词 相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作表语。所有格是在其后加s,在句中作定语。 We have to help one another.我们得互相帮助。 They looked into each others eyes for a silent company.他们默默地对视了一会儿。,考点五 反身代词 反身代词包括oneself,himself,herself,itself,themselves,yourself,yourselves,myself,ourselves,可
4、以在句中作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。 1.与动词构成词组:be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然;enjoy oneself 玩 得开心;come to oneself 恢复知觉,苏醒过来;help oneself to sth.为 自己取用某物;devote oneself to sth.致力于 2.与介词构成词组:by oneself 独自地;for oneself 亲自;by itself 自动 地;to oneself 独占,独用 考点六 疑问代词 疑问代词用于引导特殊疑问句,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。who,whom,whose用于指人; which和what可指人
5、或物。,1.who通常作主语和表语,whom作宾语。在口语中,常用who代替whom,但如果 前面有介词,则仍需用whom。 Who is he?他是谁?(表语,问姓名)By whom was the book written? 这本书是谁写的?(介词宾语)试比较:Who is he?他是谁?(问姓名或关系)What is he?他是干什么的?(问职业或地位) 2.what,which均可作主语、宾语或定语。试比较:What sport do you like best?你最喜欢什么运动?(不定范围的选择)Which sport do you like better,football or v
6、olleyball?你更喜欢哪 项运动,足球还是排球?(确定范围的选择),3.whose可用作定语或表语。Whose dictionary is this?这是谁的字典?(定语),考点七 不定代词 1.another,the other,other,others 的区别 (1)another “又一;再一;另一”,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。This coat is too dark.Please show me another.这件外套颜色太深了,请给我 另拿一件。 (2)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指,常用于 one.the othe
7、r.He has two booksone is a textbook,and the other is a novel.他有两本 书一本是课本,另一本是小说。 (3)other作定语,表示“另外的,其他的”。We study Chinese,maths,English and other lessons.我们学习汉语、数学、英语和其他课程。 (4)others作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,相当于“other+复数名词”。Some are singing and dancing,some are drawing,others are climbing the hill.有的在唱歌跳舞,有
8、的在画画,还有的在爬山。,2.it,one(s),the one(s),that,those的区别 (1)it意为“它”,特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。I cant find my umbrella.I dont know where I have put it.我 找不到我的伞了。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。 (2)one替代单数可数名词,表示泛指,相当于“a/ an+单数名词”,ones为其 复数形式。 the one替代前面的单数名词,表示特指,其后往往带定 语,the ones为其复数形式。I havent a computer.I want to buy one next year.我
9、没有电脑,明年我想买一台。I like this book better than the one I read last time.比起上次我读的那本书,我更喜欢这一本。,one替代前面的名词,作其同位语,表示泛指。前面名词若是特指,要用 the one。 He is a kind student,one who always helps others. 他是一个好心的学生,一个总是帮助别人的学生。 He is the most excellent student,the one who wins the first prize. 他就是那个最优秀的学生,那个赢得一等奖的学生。,特别提示,3
10、.no one,nobody,none,nothing的区别(1)no one,nobody表示“没有人;谁也不”,只指人,作主语时,谓 语动词用单数形式。常用来问答who引导的问句。 Charles was alone at home,with no one looking after him. 查尔斯一个人在家,没人照顾他。(2)none“没人;没有任何东西”,既可指人,也可指物。none后可接of 短语,常用来回答how many/much引导的问句。How many of you have seen the film?你们中有多少人看过这部电影?None (of us).一个也没有。,
11、(3)nothing意为“没有东西”,一般回答what提问的句子。Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.我一生中没有什么像我第一次去故宫那样给我留下深刻印象了。 4.all,both,either,neither的区别(1)all指所有的人或物,表示“(三者或三者以上)全部;都”。 They all agreed to the plan.他们都同意这项计划。They were all very tired,but none of them would stop to ta
12、ke a rest.他们都非常累,但是没有一个想停下来休息。(2)both表示“两者都”。You are both too young.你们两个都太小了。,(3)either表示“(两者中)任何一个”。Either of the two stories is very interesting.这两个故事哪个都很有趣。 (4)neither表示“(两者)都不”。Because Henry and Mark had to work,neither of them came yesterday.因为亨利和马克要工作,所以昨天两人都没来。 考点八 it的用法 1.指代前面提到过的同一事物。Your s
13、tory is interesting,but I dont like it.你的故事很有趣,但是我 不喜欢。Have you found your pen?你找到你的钢笔了吗?No,I havent found it.还没有。,2.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时,可用it来表示。Its a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩? 3.it指代天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等。It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.这里离最近的医院有六英里。 4.it也常用来表
14、示一般的笼统的情况。How is it going with you?你近况如何? 5.it用作形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往 由动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句充当。Its very important to learn a foreign language.学会一门外语很重要。He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有 弄清楚何时何地举行会议。In my opinion,its no use arguing with him.依我看来,同他争论没用。,6.表示
15、“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词 有 enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate 等。Id appreciate it if you could give me a hand.如果你能帮我一把,我会很感激。,1.A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh,dear! Its (I).”(2014新课 标全国) 2.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let stay in the air for sec
16、onds.(2014辽宁) 3.Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said was a wonderful holiday destination.(2014广东) 4.We can choose our friends,but usually we cannot choose ourneighbors.However,to get a happy home life,we have to get alongwith as we
17、ll as possible.(2014湖南) 5.An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for .(2014湖南),真题链接,答案及剖析: 1.me/mine 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填人称代词me或名词性 物主代词mine。 2.it 考查代词的用法。此处指代上文提到的your leg,在句中作宾语,因 此用代词it。 3.it 考查代词的用法。此处指代上文提到的Miami,在宾语从句中作主语, 因此用代词it。 4.them 考查代词的用法。此处指代上文提到的our neighbors,作get along wi
18、th的宾语,所以用人称代词的宾格形式them。 5.others 考查代词的用法。句意:好邻居的一个重要品质就是为他人着 想。根据语境可知,此处填不定代词others。,6.When kids in parts of the world want to play,they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string.“ Because the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky,millions of real balls go flat
19、 (变瘪)within 24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen,a California businessman.Determined to solve this problem, created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol.(2013湖南) 7.The One World Futbol needs no pump and wont wear out,even on rough surfaces.When tested, withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car,an
20、d even being chewed on by a lion.(2013湖南) 8.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head.“Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class.I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds a
21、nd all the other students wondered what the boy would do.Then he took off,gave a big smile and said,“Thats cool.” (2012广东),答案及剖析: 6.he 考查代词的用法。此处指代上文提到的Tim Jahnigen,a California businessman在句中作主语,所以用人称代词的主格形式he。 7.it 考查代词的用法。此处指代上文提到的the One World Futbol,在 句中作主语,因此用代词it。 8.them 考查代词的用法。此处指代上文提到的glas
22、ses,作take off的 宾语,所以用人称代词的宾格形式them。,答案及剖析: 9.we 考查代词的用法。分析句子成分可知,宾语从句中缺少主语。由上 下文中的our可知此处用人称代词的主格形式we。 10.others 考查代词的用法。根据上文中的Some,Others可知,此处填不 定代词others。,9.Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.This does not mean that have to write or call our friends every day.(201
23、2湖南) 10.People have different habits about keeping in touch with others.Some like to call their friends,sometimes many times a day.Others prefer to e-mail their friends.Still prefer writing letters so that they can include photos or interesting articles in the envelopes along with their letters.(201
24、2湖南),填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。 1.If our parents do everything for us children,we wont learn to depend on . 2.He became famous for unusual clothes and behavior. 3.Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do . 4.To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her
25、students and thenof her colleagues.,语法专练,答案：1.ourselves 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处作depend on的宾语, 应该填we的反身代词ourselves。 2.his 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填物主代词his。 3.both 考查代词的用法。此处表示“两者都”,填不定代词both。 4.that 考查代词的用法。此处指代不可数名词trust,表示特指,因此用代词 that。,5.If youre buying todays paper from the stand,could you getfor me? 6.Ive li
26、ved in New York and Chicago,but dont like of them very much. 7.This project requires close teamwork. will be achieved unless we work well together.,答案：5.one 考查代词的用法。此处指代名词paper,表示泛指,因此用不 定代词one。 6.either 考查代词的用法。此处表示“(两者中)任何一个”,应该填不 定代词either。 7.Nothing 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填不定代词nothing。,8.The two girls
27、 are so alike that strangers finddifficult to tell one from the other. 9. is Tom? Is he a teacher? 10.One afternoon on our way home,we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud cry behind .,答案：8.it 考查代词的用法。此处在句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面 的动词不定式,因此用代词it。 9.What 考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处用来询问职业,因此用疑问 代词what。 10.us 考查代词的用法。此处作介词behind的宾语,所以用人称代词的宾 格形式us。,
