1、状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词、或者整个句子，说明动词或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。,状语,She studies diligently. 副词作状 He lived in Shanghai. 介词短语作状 She came specially to see you. 不定式作状 Not knowing what do do, he went to the teacher for help. 分词作状 Wherever you go, you should learn from others. 从句作状,状语从句 adverbial clause,状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词
2、和副词等。,The Adverbial Clause of Time1.when , while, as , whenever2.after , before , till/until, notuntil3.since4.as soon as=the moment=the instant=the minute=immediately=directlyno soonerthan=hardly(scarely)when5.every time=each time6.by the time7.the first time,1.时间状语从句 1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如： When
3、 he reached home, he had a little rest. She broke a glass as she stood up. Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车，有一个人向我走来。,When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 赶完活后，你可以休息一下。 2）as 表示 “一边一边” He sang as he went along.as 也可表示满意“随着” You will grow wiser a
4、s you grow older.,As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 3. While表示在的时侯（期间）Please write while I read.,while as when 1. Tom was about to go to bed _the telephone rang. 2. _the day went by, the weather got worse. 3. Two thieves broke in and stole her handbag _she was asleep.,when,A
5、s,while/ when,（and just at that moment),Error correction: Each time when he came to town, he would visit me. I will let you know the news as soon as I will get it tomorrow.,1.The children ran away from the orchard the moment they saw the guard. 2.I thought her nice and honest the first time I met he
6、r. 3.They told me the news immediately they got the message.,4. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. 5. Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise. 6. I had scarcely got home when it began to rain.,2.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如：Where I live, there are plenty of t
7、rees. 我住的地方有很多树。Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。,You should put the book _ you took it two days ago. You should put the book in the place _you took it two days ago.,where / in which,where,3.目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由 so that, in order that, lest(惟恐), for fear that, in case,(万一,以 防) i
8、n the hope that, for the purpose that等词引导。例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。,He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。,4.结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由soth
9、at 或 suchthat so that, to the degree that, to the extent that ,等引导 例如:,The boy is so young that he cant go to school. 这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。He is such a young boy that he cant go to school,注意so that引导状语从句，后有can为目的，后无can为结果 We put up our hands so that the teacher could notice us. (目的) Sam didnt say hello to S
10、arah this morning, so that she felt sort of upset. (结果),Tom took a taxi so that he could get there on time. Tom took a taxi so that he got there on time.,5.条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless/ifnot, as/so long as, as/so far as, provided (that) = providing(that)= supposing that,on condition that, once,等。unless
11、= if not. 例如：如果不太累，我们去散散步。,1.If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk. =Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 2.Take the umbrella in case it rains. 3.You can borrow the book so long as you return it on time.,典型例题 You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D.
12、 or答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dont leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子应为 You leave immediately or you will be late.,6.方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, （just） asso, as if, as though, in the way as, like,引导。 1）as, （just） asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just） asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如“，“就像“，
13、多用于正式文体。例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by (the others).你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。,As water is to fish, so air is (is air) to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。,2）as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多
14、用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛似的“，“好像似的“。例如：,They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）,He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lightning. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与过去事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气）,It looks as if the weather may pick
15、up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如：,He stared at me as if (he was) seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if (he was) to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if (they are) in anger. 波涛
16、冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。,She is behaving in the way as her sister used to. She cant cook like her mother does.,7.原因状语从句 比较because, since, as和for： 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。例如：,我不去是因为我怕。I didnt go, because I was afraid. 天气那么糟，旅行不得不推迟了。Since /As the weather is so bad, we ha
17、ve to delay our journey.As he is a League member, he is ready to help others.,2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如：,他今天缺席，因为他病了。He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。He must be ill, for he is absent today.,now that, seeing that,（既然）considering
18、 that（考虑到） given that, thanks to, in that,（因为） for the reason that等也可引导原因状语从句,8.让步状语从句 1）though, although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet, still可连用。例如： Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。,虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。He is very old, but he still works very hard. =Altho
19、ugh he is very old, but he still works very hard.（错误） = Though he is very old, he still works very hard.,2） as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。 Young as she is, she knows a lot.,3） even if, even thoug
20、h 即使。例如：Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。,4） whetheror not 不管都。例如：Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，这确实是真的。,5） “no matter +疑问词” 或“疑问词+后缀ever” 。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么，他不在意。,9.比较状语从句 由从
21、属连词asas, not so (as) as, than, the + 比较级（从句）+ 比较级（主句）等引导。 Hangzhou is not so (as) large as Shanghai. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.,He is as clever as I. She is taller than Mary. The more you read the happier you will be. He is no taller than I=He is as short as I.,EXERCISES:,Y
22、ou will be late _ you leave immediately . A . unless B . until C . if D . or _ I saw the computer , I showed great interest in it . A . At first B . For the first time C . Until D . The first time,EXERCISES:,I often visited Tian An Men Square _ I was staying in Beijing . A . until B . during C . whi
23、le D . throughout He always thinks I m wrong , _I may say . A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that,EXERCISES:,People dont know the value of health _ they lose it . A. till B. before C. after D. Either A or B I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class . A . since B . so that C . as if D . unl
24、ess,EXERCISES:,_ you cant answer the question , Ill ask someone else . A . Unless B . Since C . While D . Although His memory is so good _ his brain were an advanced computer . A . as if B . that C . even if D . as,EXERCISES:,If you _ him , be sure to ask him if he _ for Australia next week . A . will meet ; will sail B . will meet ; sail C . meet ; sail D . meet ; will sail _ the rain has stopped , lets continue to work . A . For B . Now that C . That D . Because,
