1、考试点12014年考研英语二真题出处分析2014考研英语二真题完型填空文章出处原文出处：美国大西洋月刊原文标题：IsObesityReallyaDisease?（肥胖症真的是一种病吗？）刊登时间：Jun242013原文节选：Thinner isnt always better. A number of epidemiological studieshaveconcludedthatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsome diseases, including cardiovascular disease, compared to those
2、whosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactuallyprotective.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodeveloposteoporosisthanthinwomen.Likewise,amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenanindicatorofgoodhealthOfevengreaterconcernisthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydi
3、fficulttodelineate.Itisoftendefinedintermsofbodymassindex,orBMI.BMIequalsbodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,inturn,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese(30to35),severelyobese(35to40),andv
4、eryseverelyobese(over40).Aheartyappetitegenerallyindicateshealthandmayevensuggestthatapersonknowshowtoenjoylife.Whilesuchnumericalstandards考试点2seemstraightforward,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,whileotherswithalowBMImaybeinpoors
5、hape.Forexample,manycollegiate and professional football players qualify as obese, thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.ByBMI,Dwayne“TheRock“Johnsonisobese.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbutanormalBMI.Todaywehaveatendencytostigmatizeobesity.Theoverweightaresometimespicturedinthemedi
6、awiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypesassociatedwithobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese.Evenveryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaproblem
7、inschools.2014考研英语二真题阅读理解文章出处Text1原文出处：经济学人（TheEconomist）原文标题：金钱和幸福（Moneyandhappiness）刊登时间：Jun22nd2013原文节选：WHATwouldyoudowith$590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacKenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,考试点3tin-roofed house inFloridato collect the biggest undivided lotteryjackpot in hi
8、story. The blogosphere is full of advice for this luckyPowerball pensioner. But if she hopes her new-found lucre will yieldlastingfeelingsoffulfilment,shecoulddoworsethanread “HappyMoney”byElizabethDunnandMichaelNorton.These two academics she teaches psychology attheUniversityofBritish Columbia; he
9、lectures on marketingatHarvardBusinessSchooluseanarrayofbehaviouralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandpalatialhomesonremotebluffs.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswears off fairly quickly. What was on
10、ce exciting and new becomesold-hat;remorsecreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDunnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtimeasstoriesormemoriesparticularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeis
11、packedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost “happinessbangforyourbuck”.Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision (something the average American spends a whopping two考试点4monthsayeardoing,an
12、dishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMcDonaldsrestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRibamarketinggimmickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsess
13、ion.Readersof “HappyMoney” areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfilment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancest
14、hepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthorspolicyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.Text2原文出处：星报在线（TheStarOnline）原文标题：怎样改善自己的相貌（How-we-really-rate-our-lo
15、oks）刊登时间：June29,2013原文节选：Someadvertisingwouldhaveusbelievethatweremorebeautiful考试点5thanwethinkweare.Infact,thereversemaybetrue.WEHAVEadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancing(tousethepsychologicalterminology)strategiestoachievethis.Socialpsychologistshaveama
16、ssedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe “above-averageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average inleadership,93%indriving(acrosstheagesandgenders)and85%atgettingonwellwithothers allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.We rose-tint our memorie
17、s and put ourselves into self-affirmingsituations. We become defensive when criticised, and apply negativestereotypestootherstoboostourownself-esteem.Westrutaroundthinkingwerehotstuff.PsychologistandbehaviouralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthanhave
18、peoplesimplyratetheirbeautycomparedwithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselvesfromaline-up,includingversionsthat had been morphed to appear more and less attractive. Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is “anautomaticpsychologicalprocess,occurring rapidly and intuitively with little
19、 or no apparent consciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalsely-flatteringimage whichmostdid theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.考试点6Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethatthosewhoself-enhancedthemost(thatis,theparticipants who thought the mos
20、t positively-doctored pictures werereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infact,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewerereal,directlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“I dont think the findings that we have are any evidence ofpersona
21、ldelusion,” saysEpley. “Itsareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.” Ifyouaredepressed,youwontbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpleysstudy,itmakessensethatmanypeoplehatephotographsofthemselvessoviscerally ononelevel,theydontevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.Faceboo
22、k,therefore,isaself-enhancersparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlytheflukiestofflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty, intellect and lifestyles. Its not that peoples profiles aredishonest,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin-MadisonUniversity, “buttheyportrayanidealisedversionofthemselves”.(Peoplearemuc
23、hmorelikelytoout-and-outlieondatingwebsites,toanaudienceofstrangers.)Text3原文出处：劳伦斯日报（LawrenceJournal-World）考试点7原文标题：科学发现情绪会影响眼泪的化学成分刊登时间：March1984原 文 节 选 ：Text4原文出处：英国卫报（Theguardian）原文标题：综合开支审查可能会扭转房市危机（Comprehensivespendingreviewcouldturnthehousingcrisisaround）刊登时间：June2013原文节选：Thegovernmenthasbeen
24、slowtowakeuptothefactthathousingispotentiallyoneoftheimportantdriversofeconomicrecovery.AsDannyAlexander,chiefsecretarytotheTreasury,recentlymadeclearinaspeechtotheManchesterChamberofCommerce,whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythe考试点8focusisusuallyonroads,railways,broad
25、bandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthe typical housing project. It is hard to jostle for attention amongmultibillion-pound infrastr
26、ucture projects, so it is inevitable that theattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Thisgovernmentdoesnotwanttoseeareturntolarge-scaleprovisionofcouncilhousing,soitisnaturallywaryofmeasuresthatwillleadusdownthatroute.Nevertheless
27、,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindica
28、tionsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsbornemayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. The cap,introducedin2012aspartoftheHousingRevenueAccountreform,has考试点9beenamajorissuefo
29、rthesector.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment, which would have a significantimpacton the ability ofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfro
30、mrevenues.Finally,theyshouldlookatthewayinwhichpublicsectorlandisreleased.Currentlyup-frontpaymentsarerequired,puttingafinancialburdenonthehousingprovider.Amorepositivestimuluswouldbetoencourageasystemwherethelandismadeavailableandmaintainedasalong-termequitystakeintheproject.Butitisnotjustdowntothe
31、government.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourparty has recently announced that it will retain a large part of thecoalitions spending plans if
32、it returns to power. The housing sectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntotheeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.2014考研英语二真题翻译文章出处原文出处：时代杂志原文标题：APrimerforPessimists考试点10刊登时间：March,2009原文节选：Most people would define optimism as being eternally hopeful,endlessl
33、yhappy,withaglassthatsperpetuallyhalffull.Butthatsexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldntrecommend. “Healthyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithreality,”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessorwhotaughttheuniversitysmost popular course, Positive Psychology, from 2002 to 2008. “Itcertai
34、nlydoesntmeanthinkingeverythingisgreatandwonderful.”Ben-Shahar,whoistheauthorofHappierandThePursuitofPerfect,describesrealisticoptimistsan “optimalists”notthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest,butthosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen.Inhisownlife,Ben-Shaharusesthreeoptimalistexercises,whichheca
35、llsPRP.Whenhefeelsdownsay,aftergivingabadlecturehegrantshimselfpermission(P)tobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction(R).Heanalyzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesnt.Finally,theresperspecti
36、ve(P),whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesntmatter.Studiessuggestthatpeoplewhoareabletofocusonthepositive考试点11aspectsofanegativeeventbasically,copewithfailurecanprotectthemselvesfromthephysicaltollofstressandanxiety.InarecentstudyattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFr
37、ancisco(UCSF),scientistsaskedagroupofwomentogiveaspeechinfrontofastone-facedaudienceofstrangers.Onthefirstday,alltheparticipantssaidtheyfeltthreatened,andtheyshowedfearhormones.Onsubsequentdays,however,thosewomenwhohadreportedreboundingfromamajorlifecrisisinthepastnolongerfeltthesamesubjectivethreat
38、overspeakinginpublic.Theyhadlearnedthatthisnegativeevent,too,wouldpassandtheywouldsurvive. “Itsabackdoortothesamepositivestatebecausepeopleareabletotolerateandacceptthenegative,” saysElissaEpel,oneofthepsychologistsinvolvedinthestudy.考研英语大作文写作复习经验谈今年大作文的字数不清楚具体要求多少，去年大作文的字数只要400字左右，而以前最多的时候是500600之间
39、。我想那时候对很多考生来说，怎样凑够字数是个很大的问题，因为实在不知道写什么东西。没什么东西好写很多人都有这样的感觉，原因在哪?回想我们高考时，语文作文的字数要求是700字，如果把700字翻译成英文的话，恐怕要上千字了吧。四年前高考时尚且有那么多东西可写，不至于读了四年大学就没东西可写了吧?原因在于写作文时用英语思考，这好比一个正常走路的人，突然要他用拐杖走，那怎么可能走得快呢。所以，在写作文时，首先需要转变的一个思想是用中文思考。比如2004的题目是 “最近几年，中国大学每年都在扩招。有些人大加赞考试点12扬，认为这是具有历史意义的进步，标志着高等教育普及的开始;还有些人认为这不过是教育领域
40、的“大跃进”，对高等教育的质量弊大于利。请写一篇500600字(英语)的议论文，表明你的观点。无论你观点如何，请自圆其说。须自拟题目。(InrecentyearsChinahaswitnessedadrasticincreaseintheannual enrollment of university students. While some hail it as anachievement of historical significance that marks the beginning ofpopularizingChinaseducationofhigherlearning， othe
41、rsdismissitasnothingbutaneducational“greatleapforward“thatwilldomoreharmthangoodtothequalityofcollegeeducationinChina.Writeanessayof500 - 600 words unequivocally expressing your stand on this issue.Whateverpositionyoutake。 makesuretojustifyyourdecision.Giveatitletoyouressay.)当我们看中文题目时，就会觉得这个题目好简单。简单
42、一句话，你对大学扩招这件事是什么态度?理由是什么?我们平常卧谈时，倘若遇到这样的题目，谁不能侃上个把小时?这个说大学扩招就为了圈钱，当年那个向国家总理提议的人就是这么说的，那个说还不是就业形势不好，让那么多人在大学里花钱，既减少就业压力，又拉动消费。还有的人说，大学一扩招，大学毕业生马上就不值钱了，物以稀为贵嘛。有反对的，也有支持的。有的说了，让更多人接受高等教育也很好呀，接受过高等教育的人，文化素质毕竟会高一些，而且为终生学习打下了基础，国家不是在提倡“终生学习”吗?另外还有人说了，本科生质量是没那么高了，那也只是平均状况，就好像酒里掺水，掺的多，酒更淡;但就个人来讲，好的依然好，不好的么，
43、就难说了。还有的说研究生招生把好关，国家科研能力不考试点13就没问题了。你看看，就这一个问题就有多少话可以说啊，怎么会没话说呢。只是用英文思考了，不觉间就纠结于字词语法，一下子就把思维给局限住了。所以，想内容，还是要用中文来思考。这话是对普通的人来说的，至于那些英文学得特别好的，用英文思考都没问题的，就自当别论了。有了内容了，该怎么构思，也成问题。比如上面讲了那么多内容，是不是都可以往里写?当然不可以。不是要考虑和谐的问题，是那些话题很多，一篇几百字的文章根本讲不清那么多东西。干脆就选上几个点，展开了说，也就够了。文章好，不但要有内容，也要条分缕析，逻辑清晰，太多了，就讲不清楚;太分散了，又没
44、有说服力。考研的英语作文都是议论文。这个应该是没有异议的。我看了广外几年的写作题目，还没有看到别的文体的。至于四六级作文，偶尔遇到说明文之类的，其实那也是议论文，不过要你先讲清楚某某图画的主要内容，接下来还是要发议论。假如要写记叙文或者别的文体，本科生恐怕写不出来，或者写的乱七八糟，阅卷老师肯定也阅得稀里糊涂，学校一般不会自寻烦恼。所以，不用担心，就准备议论就好了。如果是议论文，那么行文就方便地多，因为我们中国学生最擅长发议论了。什么是议论文?就是你有个想法，然后证明你的想法是正确的。这个想法就是论点，这个证明过程就是论证，那些拿来证明你想法的就是论据。高中都学过写议论文，这里就不赘述了。议论
45、文的结构一般可以分为五段。第一段引入话题，提出总论点。接下来三段是分论点，最后一段总结，重申论点。这就是议论文的五段论。这种结构极容易敷衍成文，又容易控制字数。如果要求写500字，那么就写五段，中间三段考试点14内容丰富点;如果要写400字，那就中间三段少写几句，第一段写上四十字就够了，大概三个句子，最后一段四十字，中间大概每段一百字左右。等到考场上的时候，也不必太过于拘泥了，中间三段可多可少，大致均匀就可以了。我总觉得五段是最合适的，哪怕是只要400字，因为五段不觉得分段多，而且段数多了，每段字数就灵活些，万一某个论点想不出写什么东西，就少写点，下面的段落可以补上。就拿2004的题目来说吧，
46、这里需要先拟一个提纲，就全用中文来写，也不要多少字，写出来总论点和三个分论点，就差不多了。这个地方是需要仔细的，因为总论点选得不好，分论点分得不合适，整个文章逻辑性就会受影响，逻辑性是平分的一个标准，那是要被扣分的。所以，要在意。另外，既然是选立场的，大概有这样几种立场：(1)完全赞成;(2)完全反对;(3)赞成但有所保留;(4)反对，但有所保留。凡事有利有弊，完全赞成和完全反对未免都有点绝对了，不如有所保留的话。过犹不及，议论也就少了说服力了。如果我们选“赞成但有保留”，可以这样构思。总论点是：我赞成大学扩招，这一举动利国利民。分论点是：(1)大学扩招可以为国家培养更多高学历的人才;(2)大
47、学扩招可以为让更多人接受高等教育，为个人以后的提升打下基础;(3)衡量高等教育水平的标准不只是“质”，还有“量”。大学扩招增加了受教育者的数量，只要采取有效措施，也可以防止“质”的下降。这样，我们整个文章的结构就已经有了，接下来需要做的，就是写“段落”，把每个论点扩展成段落，文章就不多完成了。议论文的首段和尾段，以及每一段的开头句和结尾句是最为关键的，这些地方需要特别注意，我建议手段和尾段要多花点时间，最好打个草稿，不需要什么考试点15都写，把需要选用的关键句型和词语要先想好;每一段的开头和结尾也需要如此。至于高分语言，我在谈翻译时已经讲过了，这里就不赘述了。在这里，第一段不妨可以这样写：Ov
48、erthelastdecade，universitieshaveadmitted more students than ever before. While some agree to thisexpansion， othersareopposedtoit.AsfarasIamconcerned， Iarguethattheincreaseinenrollmentisagoodthing. 这样第一段就写好了，三个句子，四十个单词，论点也表明了。至于中间三段，试举一例。就写第三段好了。顺便提一句，中间三段，尽量把短一点的放前面，长一点的放后面，简单的放前面，复杂的观点放后面，这样看起来由浅入深，层层递进，条理分明。第三段关键的是前两句和最后一句，这里最好打个草稿。前两句和最后一句写好了，中间的就好办了，即使写得不是很出彩，问题也不大。Finally，the quality is not the sole criterion to evaluate highereducation， because the number of graduates cultivated is also ofenormous significance. It is true that the rapid increase of collegestuden
