1、简单句的基本结构,句子成分(Members of a Sentence),句子的组成成分叫句子成分。 在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。通常，句子成分由词或词组充当。,句子成分(Members of a Sentence),现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、 表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。,句子的结构,简单句 只有一个主
2、语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。并列句 有两个或两个以上分句，表示并列、递进、转折、选择等关系。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接；其中各个分句同等重要，联系密切，无从属关系。 复杂句-复合句由一个主句加一个从句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只能用作句子的一个成分，不能独立存在，其语序与陈述句的语序相同，即主语在前，谓语在后。（名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句）,句子的类型,陈述句（肯定句，否定句） 陈述语序 疑问句： 倒装语序一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句 祈使句 感叹句,主语（the Subject）句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体。 谓语 (the Predi
3、cate)表示主语的动作或状态。 宾语 (the Object)表示及物动作的对象。 表语(the Predicative)放在连系动词后表示主语的身份或特征。,定语（the Attribute）限定或修饰名词的成分。 状语（the Adverbial）修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示时间、地点、状态、程度等含义。 宾语补足语（the Object Complement）对宾语动作或状态的补充。其他成分如：同位语；呼语 ；插入语 。,5个简单句基本句型,1.主语+谓语 S + Vi. 2.主语+谓语+宾语 S +Vt.+O 3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语S +V+ in O+ d O 4.主语
4、+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S +V + O + Oc 5.主语+系动词+表语 S + V + P,I.主语+谓语 S+Vi.,Notes: 主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。 不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 The sun is rising. The boy smiled slightly. Prices are going up quickly. The train had left when I arrived at the station
5、.,主语+谓语+宾语 S + Vt. + O,Mary knows my number.I wont give up my idea no matter how hard it is. Man can do nothing without its permission. He answered the question rudely.,主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S + V + in O + d O,Our teacher told us a funny story yesterday afternoon. = Our teacher told a funny story to us ye
6、sterday afternoon. Mum bought me a birthday cake.= Mum bought a birthday cake for me.Would you please show me your advice?= Would you please show your advice to me?,She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。,主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S + V + O + Oc,Who can
7、 make the boy laugh? I found the water so cold. He asks me to come here immediately. Mark finds him crying. He left him in the kitchen. He called the kid a fool. Everyone thinks it terrible to stay alone in the deserted building.,主语+系动词+表语 S + V + P,Jim looks quite delighted. The fruit tastes very d
8、elicious. I am not a little girl any longer.He is growing tall and strong. His face turned red. Stay hungry, stay foolish.,Stay hungry, stay foolish.,Keys to Quiz 1,1.主语+谓语 S+Vi. 2. 3 2.主语+谓语+宾语 S +Vt.+O 5. 10 3.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语S +V+in O+d O 6. 9 4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语S +V+O+Oc 4. 7 5.主语+系动词+表语 S +V+P 1. 8
9、,Quiz 2,1. The poor fellow cried sadly.S + Vi. 2.The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled. (重庆2012)S + Vi. 3.I missed a wonderful film with a lot of fantastic songs. S + Vt. +O,sadly,4.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. (重庆2012)S + Vi. 5.Look，here comes
10、your dream girl. Invite her to dance. (重庆2012)S+Vi. S +V+O+Oc 6.Mike , can you give me my overcoat?S + V +in O +d O,7.Justin Biebers latest movie covers his childhood and his rapid rise to fame. S +Vt.+O 8.I find it amazing that everyone, including old people , would want to listen to that music.S +
11、Vt.+O+Oc 9. Jim looked seriously worried because of his toothache. S +V+P,长句分析,1.He believed that no class hour is successful if students and the teachers cant share several chuckles and at least one loud laugh. (From B I U1) Q: Whats his attitude towards a class?,Challenge yourself!,2.We know moms
12、generally teach their kids to stick to a routine but dads inspire kids to be more flexible. (From Test 1) Q: Who make kids life easier, dads or moms?,难句分析,3. .60 cents per auctionBut the best part of Quibid may be the “Buy-It-Now” feature.This allows bidders who did not win the auction(拍卖) to still
13、buy the product they want and apply the cost of the bid they placed as a discount on the regular product price. (From Test 1) Q:A buyer who did twice for a $20 Mp3 can get one from “Buy-It-Now” for_?A.$18.8 B.$19.4 C.$20 D.$21.2,A.$18.8,Assessment,What have you learnt from this part? What will be your next step for the further study about this part?,Thank you ! Bye!,
