1、,Present participles as adverbial modifiers,-Group D Speaker:Peach,现在分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即现在分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致。,Usage,Indicating time Indicating reason/cause Indicating simultaneous events Indicating way Indicating condition,1） Indicating time,Eg: Opening itthe package,she set the button unit on the tabl
2、e.Arriving in Paris, I lost my way.Coming here, I met my friend. 表示与主句中谓语动词同时性的现在分词强调时间意义时，分词前可以加上after, before, since, while, when等从属连接词。如: Hes been different since coming back from America.While flying over the channel , the pilot saw what he thought to be a UFO.When crossing the street, do be car
3、eful,2)Indicating reason/cause,Having no work to go to and no family to provide for, he was free. Being so excited, he did not know what to say.The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport.,3)Indicating simultaneous
4、 events,Reading through Vernes books ,one finds it hard to believe that they were written almost 100 years ago.Sue sat there staring at the wall.Molly just stood there, wondering what to do next.,4）Indicating way,可以用连词as if/as though引导He run up to me breathing heavily From time to time Jason turned
5、round as if searching for someone.,5)Indicating condition,可以用连词 if, once, unless等引导 Turning to the left, you will find the post office. Unless receiving visitors, patients must observe normal hospital rules. If coming by air , inform me in advance.,Do the exercises,1.They talked to her for a good ho
6、ur, trying to persuade her to stay on . 2.Reading the book again,she discovered that she had missed a lot in the first reading. 3.The door opened.It was Harley ,who entered ,looking dirty and tired,carrying a suitcase and an umbrella. 4.Having taken the injured boy and his parents to hospital,the ta
7、xi driver left quietly. 5.All those years ,she would often sit by the window and look out ,hoping to see her son returning home.,6.Gelieo died on January 8,1642,leaving the world he loved better informed than it was when he entered it. 7.Realizing it was dangerous to continue in the dark, they decid
8、ed to camp for the night where they were. 8.I should wish to die while still atwork ,knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do ,and (being)content in the thought that what was possible has been done.,Complement,1)分词(participle)也是一种非限定动词，它兼有动词和形容词的特征。 2)分词分为现在分词和过去分词 。 注意区别：现在分词通常表示主动
9、、进行，而过去分词往往表示被动、完成。,非谓语动词分词,分词的时态和语态 现在分词有一般式和完成式，并有主动和被动语态。过去分词则只有一种形式，现以动词study为例： 现在分词 主动 被动 一般式：studying; being studied 完成式：having studied; having been studied过去分词：studied,分词的时态和语态 1） 现在分词的完成式：having done表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. Not having made
10、adequate preparations, we postponed the sports meet. 2） 现在分词的被动式：being done，表示某一被动动作在讲话时正在发生，或与谓语的动作同时发生。 Who is the patient being operated on? 正在被做手术的那位病人是谁？（作定语） You will find the matter being talked about all over the town. 你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事情。（作宾补） 3）现在分词完成时的被动语态：The man, having been disturbed so b
11、adly, almost lost his memory.,现在分词和过去分词的区别,现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。 1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较： surprising使人感到惊讶的(主动) surprised自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的) an exciting story一个令人兴奋的故事(主动) excited spectators激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的) a moving film一部感动人的影片。 A moved audience受感动的观众 A tiring journey累人的旅行
12、 A tired football player累了的足球运动员 He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。 She is interested in astronomy.她对天文学有兴趣。,也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如： fallen leaves落叶 the exploded bomb已爆炸了的炸弹 a retired miner退休矿工 returned students归国留学生,2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词
13、所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较： the changing world正在变化着的世界 the changed world已经起了变化的世界 boiling water正在开的水 boiled water已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水) developing countries发展中国家 developed countries发达国家,分词的形式,以上表格需牢牢记住！,动名词与现在分词作定语的区别,动名词与现在分词作定语时，两者的拼写形式完全相同，可以从以下四个方面着手区分： 发音。现在分词做定语时，分词与被修饰的词都重读；而动名词做定语时，动名词重读，受动名词修饰的词不重读。 功能。现在分
14、词做定语时，表示的是所修饰词的“性质”或状态；动名词做定语时，通常表示所修饰词的“目的”或“用途”。 与被修饰语的关系。现在分词与被修饰的名词有逻辑主语关系；动名词与被修饰的词无主谓关系。 位置。现在分词短语作定语时须后置；动名词不以短语形式做定语。,现在分词和动名词做定语例解表格,现在分词和动名词作表语的区别：,（1）现在分词用来说明主语的性质，可用very 来修饰。 如：The news is surprising. (surprising 用来说明The news 的性质.可以说very surprising .) His words were encouraging .(encoura
15、ging 用来说明His words 的性质.可以说very encouraging .) *动名词和主语说的是同一件事，不可用very 来修饰。 如：My job is teaching English. (My job=teaching English,不可说very teaching English .) Teaching is also learning .(Teaching =learning ,不可说very learning.),(2)注意现在分词和动名词作表语与现在进行时的区别。 如：His view is very alarming (现在分词作表语表示主语的性质) What he likes to do is staying at home alone and reading .(动名词作表语表示的是某一件事情) He is watching the football game on TV.(现在进行时表示某动作在进行),Thats all,thank you!,
