1、现在分词和过去分词的对比,Contrast between present and past participles,现在分词和过去分词的对比,现在分词和过去分词统称为“分词” 现在分词和过去分词具有相同的性质，在句子中可作同样的句子成分，但表示的含义是不同的 一般来说，现在分词表示“主动”和“进行”的含义，过去分词则表示“被动”或“完成”的含义,现在分词和过去分词的对比,具体对比： 1. 分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语的关系 2.分词所表示的动作与句子谓语动作的关系 3.现在分词所表示的“主动、进行”与过去分词所表示的“被动、完成”的交叉使用，即：“主动、完成”和“被动、进行”,1. 分词所表
2、示的动作与其逻辑主语的关系,现在分词的“主动”含义与过去分词的“被动”含义主要表现在它们所表示的动作与它们的逻辑主语之间的主、被动关系上。 如果逻辑关系有“主动”含义，则用现在分词 如果逻辑关系是“被动”含义的，则用过去分词 分词作定语时，其逻辑主语是所修饰先行词 分词作表语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语 分词作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的宾语 分词作状语时，如果其本身没有带自己的逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,1. 分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语的关系,Who is the man standing by the door? Who is the man taken to the h
3、ospital? The news we heard was surprising. We were surprised when we heard the news. I saw a boy cleaning the window. When we entered the room, we found the windows cleaned. Arriving at the station, he found the train left. Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks very beautiful. Guided by thes
4、e theories, doctors of traditional Chinese medicine emphasize not only localized treatment but treatment of the body as a whole.,2.分词所表示的动作与句子谓语动作的关系,现在分词的“进行”含义一般是指分词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作是同时的 过去分词的“完成”含义是指分词表示的动作出现谓语动词的动作之前 Looking out of the windows, you could see lots of trees around. Moved by his spe
5、ech, we made up our minds to work hard. We visited the temple built in Qing dynasty. Would you please ask the girl standing over there? Developed over the course of more than five thousand years, traditional Chinese medicine is unique because of its special methods of treatment.,现在分词和过去分词的对比,如果分词需要表
6、示“主动、完成”的含义，则用现在分词的完成时“having +过去分词” Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play. Having watered the vegetables, he took a rest.,现在分词和过去分词的对比,如果需要用分词表示“被动、进行”的含义，则用现在分词的被动式“being + 过去分词” The son felt unhappy when he saw his classmates wearing famous brand clothes or being driven to school in a car. They have just paid a visit to the hotel being built in the center of the city.,
