1、动词与动词词组,Song,动词分类 动词的时、体、态式概说 Exercise,动词分类,主动词和助动词 及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词 动态动词和静态动词,动词分类,主动词和助动词英语动词按其在构成动词词组中所起的作用分为主动词和助动词两大类。如前所述,动词词组是以助动词为中心词的词组,它可以仅由一个主动词构成,这叫做简单动词词组。例如: He buys lemonade every time he goes shopping.,动词词组也可由一个或一个以上的助动词价主动词构成,这叫做复杂动词词组。例如: She is visiting Copenhagen. They have been t
2、aking music lessons.由上述诸例可以看出,主动词构成动词词组的语义核心,它表示动词词组的基本意义,因此,主动词又叫“实义动词”。,助动词的语法功能是协助主动词表示不同的语法意义或情态意义,比如表示某一动作正在进行或已经完成,“应该”做某事或“不应该”做某事。 英语的助动词分为三类:基本助动词、情态助动词和半助动词。,及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词主动词按其是否必须跟有补足成分以及必须跟有什么样的补足成分如宾语、补语、状语等,分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词。,及物动词,及物动词之后须带宾语。例如: John is playing cricket.有些及物动词可带双宾语,即间
3、接宾语和直接宾语。例如: The new lamp gave us more light.有些及物动词在一定上下文中不仅须带宾语,而且宾语之后还须带状语。例如: I put the book on the shelf.,不及物动词,不及物动词之后不须带宾语。例如: The present is speaking. 有些不及物动词在一定上下文中,其后须带状语,否则语义不全。例如: Betty and Sue have lived in Atlanta since 1975.,连系动词,连系动词之后须带主语补语。例如:The capital of the United States was onc
4、e New York City.When did you become suspicious?,动态动词和静态动词英语动词,按其词汇意义,又可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词时表示运动状态的动词,而静态动词则是表示一种相对静止状态的动词。,动态动词,动态动词,按词汇意义,又可分为3个小类:一是表示持续动作的动词,如drink,eat,fly,play,read,run,stand,sleep,talk,watch,write,work等。这类动词可用于非进行体,也可用于进行体。例如: She works at a chemical factory. She has been working t
5、here for a long time.,二是表示改变或移动的动词,如arrive,become,change,come,get,go,grow,leave,reach,turn等。这类动词也是既可用于非进行体,也可用于进行体。例如: I turned my head and saw the profile of a man. The weather is changing for the better.,三是表示短暂动作的动词,如hit,jump,kick,knock,open/close(a door),put(something on the table),shut take out等
6、。这类动词可用一般现在时表示说话时正在进行的短暂动作,若用进行体则表示短暂动作的不断重复。例如: The old man stops at a house and knocks at the door.,静态动词,静态动词表示存在于现时或过去的一种状态。这种动词的最主要语法特征就是通常用于非进行体,若用进行体,通常会引起语义的改变。这类动词,按词汇意义,又可分为4小类:第一类是用作主动词的be和have(作“有“解)。例如: Jim is a teacher,but 20 years ago he was a soldier.,第二类是含有静态动词be和have意义的动词,如apply to(
7、适用于),belong to,differ from,cost,weigh,measure,fit(适合),hold(可容纳),lack,resemble等。例如: This rule applies to(=is applicable to)everyone. This house belongs to my brother(=is my brothers property).,第三类是表示感觉的动词,如feel,hear,see,smell,taste等。例如: She doesnt hear very well. I (can) see the snow-capped peaks of
8、the distant moutains. The material feels soft.,第四类是表示心理或情感状态的动词,如:assume,belive,consider(=think),detest,fear,hate,hope,imagine,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,prefer,regret,remember,suppose,think,understand,want,wish等。例如: I believe we have met before. Jim knows Chinese.,动词的时、体、态、式概说,动词的时、体形式 主动态和被动态
9、 陈述式、祈使式、虚拟式,动词的时、体形式,时(Tense)是个语法范畴,它是表示时间区别的动词形式。 体(Aspect)也是一个语法范畴,它表示动作或过程在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式。英语动词有两个体:进行体和完成体。,主动态和被动态,当主语是施动者时,随后的动词用主动态;当主语是受动者时,随后的动词便用被动态。,陈述式、祈使式、虚拟式,He goes to church every Sunday.陈述式 Dont be late for school.Go to school at once.祈使式 Mother insisted that he go to hospital at
10、once.虚拟式,Exercise,不久孩子们就对他们的新老师产生好感。(take to) Before long the children take to their new teacher. 他并非真正悲伤,不过是在装模作样。(put) He was not really feeling sad,he was just putting on.,这是一辆旧车,已经转手好几次了。(change hands) This is a used car.It has changed hands several times.你能想出办法解决这一问题吗?(figure out) Can you figure out a way to solve the problem?,Thank you!,