1、主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句,名词性从句,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. Can you tell me how many students are therein your class?2. I dont know where has he gone.3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.,Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?,I dont know where he has gone.,The owner of t
2、he shop came to see what was the matter.,规律：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！,That Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles brought Chinese great happiness.,Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles,brought Chinese great happiness,The man,windows,broke,brought,trouble,That the man broke the windowsbrought him trouble.,名词性that-从句,主语：That he i
3、s still alive is sheer luck.宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.,可以省略,He said that he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow anothe
4、r one.,不可以省略,1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 2._ the earth is round is known to us all.,What,That,连词_在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义,that,what,What = the things that,_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2. _ he said at the meeting ast
5、onished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3. He hold the view _ _he said was wrong.A. What;what B. What ;that C. That;that D. That;what,双重关联词,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式. That they will come _certain.,2.What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants _these books.What he wa
6、nts _ some water.,主语从句的主谓一致,is,are,is,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. Everybody considers that impossible that he wants to finish the work in such a short time. 4. That
7、 doesnt matter whether you will come or not.,it,it,it,it,规律：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助 “it” 而后置。,补充: 一.几种常见的含主语从句句型 1.以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1. It+be+形容词+that从句,It is/was certain that clauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible,（1）It is certain that she will do well in her exam. （2） It is probable that
8、 he told me everything.,2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句,It is / was a pity that clauseshameduty,(1) It is a pity that we cant go. (2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.,3、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句,It is said that clausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown,(1) It is said that he is the be
9、st student in the class. (2) It is thought that Joe drives badly.,4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物动词 + that从句。 (1) It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. (2) It happened that I was out that day.,当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行词it 作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that 不能省略。,We consider it possible that he i
10、s ill. I feel it a pity that she cant come. I heard it said that he had gone to Australia. He made it clear that he objected to the plan.,a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显,b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to
11、 all that 从所周知It has been decided that 已决定,c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是,d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that 似乎It happens that 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起,用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 4. We suggested
12、 that we would go to the cinema.5. My suggestion is that we must do our homework first.6. His suggestion that we went there on foot isacceptable.,We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.,My suggestion is that we (should) do ourhomework first.,His suggestion that we (should) go there on foot.,
13、规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！(宾、表、同),Insist； order；command；advise；suggest；propose；demand；require；request；desire；ask recommend,名词性wh-从句,主语：How the book will sell depends on its author. 直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes. 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表语：My question is who will take over
14、 the president. 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语：I have no idea when he will return. 形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.,Where, when, why, how 等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 7. If we will have a meeti
15、ng hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.,Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,It depends on whether the weather is .,The quest
16、ion is whether he himself will be present .,He asked me whether I could go with him or not.,（1） 在whether or not结构中 I dont know whether or not hell come. I wonder whether it is true or not.,（2）“介词+宾语从句”,Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.,(3) whether + to do,Please tell me wheth
17、er to go or not.,（4）引导主语从句,表语从句及同位语从句 Whether well go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.,规律：4种情况只能用whether ：（1）位于句子开头； （2）前面有介词； （3）引导主语、表语、同位语从句； （4）与or not连用 (5) 后接to do,What 引导名词性从句= 名词+ that 从句,He spent what seemed to be a long time in reading the novel.,The time
18、that,He is living in what used to be a temple,the place that,Computer can only do what you have instructed it to do,The things that,They did not like what he wrote.,The things that,What he said was perfectly true.,All that,The other day my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was
19、a dangerous speed.,The speed that,The way he did it was different from what we were used to,The way that,He is no longer what he used to be,The person that,The shopkeeper did not want to sell for what he thought was not enough,The price that,He tried to do some things that are important for several
20、times but failed.A new school has been built in the place that used to be a wasteland.,What is important,what,Our school is built _ there are a lot of trees,6、其余问题：,1. 误：I dont know if he comes back this month.2. 误：I have no idea what had happened when I was away.,正：I dont know if he will come back
21、this month.,正：I have no idea what happened when I was away.,时态,3.误：The reason is because he is ill.4.误：Who leaves last turns off the light.,正：The reason is that he is ill.,正：Whoever leaves last turns off the light.,Anyone who,一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。,It was a matter
22、of whom would take the position.,who,这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。,3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. _ _ breaks the law is to be punished. 4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most. He will give the dictionary to _ _ need
23、s it most. 5. Well remember whomever we turned to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help. 6. They will do whatever he wants them to do. They will do _ _he wants them to do.,Anyone who,anyone who,Anyone (whom),anything that,同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, su
24、ggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, why, how等。,(1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.(2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.(3) They asked me the question whether the work was wor
25、th doing.(4) They problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.(5) I have no idea where he lives.,试比较： He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位语从句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down.（定语从句）,连词that在从句中三不原则,that在从句中做成分,Te
26、ll the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering i
27、s that students should learn something practical.,N,A,A,N,where引导的同位语/宾语从句/状语从句与定语从句的区别,They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened. This is where I live,The place where,Ive just come from where the talk took place,This is where I disag
28、ree. That is where youre wrong. Ive got where I am by hard work.Where there is a will, there is a way. Where the money is, theres the power.,1、注意that 的用法 一.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用的that 不能省略。 That they are good at English is known to us all.二.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略： 当that宾语从句中间有插入词语,that不
29、可省He judged that ,because he was a child, hedid not understand what he had said.,当that 从句有并列从句时，that不能省； Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. 当多个that从句作并列宾语时,前面从句的that可省可不省,但最后一个that不可以省He knows (that) his English teacher is from England and that she has two children.当that作介词宾语时，tha
30、t不可省掉。如：The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do,2.注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,A.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。B.定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰,同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。 1 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.2 The news that you told us is really encouraging.,3、whether和if的用法,whethe
31、r 可用于介词之后. It all depends on whether they will come back whether可用于不定式之前 I have not decided whether to go or not.后面直接跟or not 时用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan,主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句句首中只能用whether，宾语从句中则两者都可Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. whether可引导一个
32、让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。 Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time. If I have enough time, I will play football.,4、whatwhowhich + ever和no matter + whatwhowhich的区别：,whatwhowhich + ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. Whatever you do, you mus
33、t do it well. no matter + whatwhowhich只能引导让步状语从句。如： No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.,5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序,(1) 一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词常用单数：如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数； (2) 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如： When the meeting will begin_not been decided yet. When they will start and whe
34、re they go _not been decided yet. When and where the meeting will begin _not been decided.,has,have,has,宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如： The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.,名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如： He asked me where we should meet.,6.关于doubt,肯定句中doubt后跟if/
35、whether，否定句中doubt后面跟that.sb. doubts if/whethersb. doesnt doubt that .There is no doubt that . There is no doubt that he will win the game.,巩固练习,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what Bwhat that Cthat Dw
36、hether,3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter4.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Beverything Csomething Danything,5.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 6.He d
37、oesnt think the question _ they are men or women is important A. whether B. if C. which D. why,7.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. be sent D. must go 8.Air is to us _ water is to fish A. is that B. what C. which D. that,9. It is generally considere
38、d unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever10. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who,11. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interests in her lessons. What; why B
39、. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 12. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. What B. That C. This D. Which,13 She received the message _ you sent her the other day. A. that B. which C. what D. when14 _ is no possibility _ Bob can win
40、the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, which,15.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A. so B. such C. it D. that 16.I took _ for granted that they were not coming.A. that B. this C. it D. so 17.I heard _ said that he had great concern for h
41、is classmates.A. and B. that C. was D. it 18.I wish I _ to the football match last night.A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone,19. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. what 20. My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields.A. what B. that C. which D. where 21. His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 22. My advice is that he _ regular house.A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept,I think _ important to finish the work.,
