1、English-Chinese Translation1Conversion (Part I)II. Into Nouns1. VN1) A government report targets earning from tourism at 200 million US dollars by 2007.政府的一份报告提出一个目标：到 2007 年旅游业收入要达到 2 亿美元。2) What impressed me most was his courage in the face of the death.给我留下最深刻印象的是他面对死亡时所表现出的勇气。3) He was blacklist
2、ed for striking his boss.他因殴打上司而上了黑名单。4) A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, sat into the car.一位穿着讲究的人坐进汽车里，他的外表和言谈像是美国人。5) The Greek word “atom” means “cannot be cut”.希腊语“原子”一词的意思是“不可分割” 。6) Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.水银的比重约为水的十三倍。7) The earth on wh
3、ich we live is shaped like a ball.我们居住的地球，形状就像一个球。8) The electric current is defined as a stream of electrons flowing through a conductor.电流的定义是流经一个导体的电子流。9) The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. 贸易量有了很大的增加，给两国都带来了益处。2. 受到+n. 加以+n.1) His image as a good s
4、tudent was badly tarnished.他作为一个好学生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。English-Chinese Translation23. AN1) The mayor said that his city government will do its best to build a school for the blind and the deaf.市长说市政府将尽一切努力为盲人和聋哑人修建一所学校。2) The young and the old should unite in shaping a fuller and more meaningful life for
5、all.青年人和老年人应该团结起来，为大家创造更美满、更有意义的生活。3) Under given conditions, the harmful can be transformed into the beneficial.在一定条件下，坏事可以变成好事。4) The social scientists have a keen sense of the new and the old.社会科学家对新旧事物感觉敏锐。5) The new treaty would be good for ten years.新条约的有效期为 10 年。6) It is a fact that glass is
6、much more soluble than quartz.事实上，玻璃的可溶性比石英大得多。7) In fission processes, the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在裂变过程中，裂变碎片的放射性很强。Conversion (Part II) III. Into Adjectives1) He found some difficulties to design a reactor without an electronic computer.他感到没有电子计算机要设计反应堆是困难的。2) They admitted the fe
7、asibility of our proposal. 他们承认我们的建议是可行的。3) The moderate price coupled with the superiority of our goods will surely induce you to pass our orders.由于价格公道，品质优良，相信贵公司一定会向我们订货。4) The nuclear test was quite a success.English-Chinese Translation3核试验很成功。5) It is a pleasure to welcome to the United Nations
8、 new states that will share our responsibilities and accomplishments.欢迎新的国家加入联合国与我们分担责任，共享成就，是令人愉快的。6) It is a certainty that China will become even stronger in the years to come. 中国在今后的岁月里将会变得更加强大，这是确定无疑的。 Other Conversions1. Conversion between adjectives and adverbs1) a. adv.1) His annual visits t
9、o Beijing brought him into contact with many well-known writers of our country. 他每年去北京一次，接触到许多国内有名的作家。2) They ordered the immediate demolition of the old building. 他们下令立即拆除这座旧建筑。3) Below 4 water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction.水在 4以下不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。2）adv. a.1) Robotics is
10、 so closely associated with cybernetics that it is sometimes mistakenly considered to be synonymous.机器人技术与控制论的联系十分密切，两者甚至有时被错误地混为一谈。2. Conversion between nouns and adverbs1) n. adv.1) I have the honor to invite you to visit our college. 我十分荣幸地邀请您来我院参观。2) They show their determination to oppose the s
11、anction. English-Chinese Translation4他们坚决反对制裁。2) adv. n.1) It is officially announced that the president had decided to postpone his visit to the Middle East.官方宣布，总统已经决定推迟出访中东。2) Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world and it is very active chemically.氧是物质世界最重要的元素之一，其化学性能很
12、活泼。Amplification (Part I)I. Semantic amplification and rhetorical amplification1. Adding verbs before nouns1) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后， 他还得起草最后公报。2) He dismissed th
13、e meeting without a closing speech.他没有致闭幕辞就宣布结束会议。3) He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation.他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。4) After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting.在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。5) Gates Avenue families carried their pails to the hydrant at the curb.盖茨街的家家户户
14、提桶到街边水龙头去取水。2Adding adjectives before nounsEnglish-Chinese Translation51) Several years service in the army will make a man of Fred.在部队服役几年会使弗雷德成为真正的男子汉。2) With the meeting to begin in just a couple of hours, I hadnt the time to worry about such trifles. 不出几小时会议就要开始，我没有闲功夫来操心这些琐事了。3) What a leader h
15、e was!他真是个出类拔萃的领袖啊。3Adding adverbs before verbs1) Now and then his boots shone.他的靴子时常闪闪发光。2) A seagull saw the light from the window and darted up to it.一只海鸥看见窗户透出的灯光就一下子朝它扑去。4Adding nounsA. Adding nouns after intransitive verbs1) He never drinks before driving.他开车前从不喝酒。2) Before she grew old, Aunt
16、Harry used to entertain lavishly.哈里婶婶年轻时常慷慨地款待客人。3) Day after day he came to his work sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活-扫地 、擦地板、收拾房间。B. Adding nouns before adjectives1) The early cars were slow, clumsy and inefficient. 早期的汽车速度缓慢、行动笨拙、效率不高。C. Adding nouns after abstract nouns1) Arrangements have
17、been made to give the foreign guests a warm welcome.English-Chinese Translation6为热烈欢迎外宾，已做好准备工作。2) At the same time, inequality has become worse.同时，不平等现象变得更严重了。5. Adding words indicating plural nouns 1) White clouds float over the blue sky. 蓝天上漂浮着朵朵白云。2) Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from
18、 losses that many dangers may cause.货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。3) As is known to all, air is a mixture of gases.大家知道，空气是多种气体的混合物。6. Adding words indicating tenses1) According to our record, your corporation bought substantial quantity of chemicals from us. Unfortunately, the business between us has b
19、een interrupted in the last few years.根据我们的记录，贵公司过去购买我们化工产品的数量相当可观，可惜近年来业务一度中断。2) Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。3) I had never thought about this matter.以前我从未想过这件事。4) There was a time when the day was not a half of what it is; when a f
20、laming hot sun, much greater than it is.曾经有一个时期，昼夜不到现在的一半长，那时炽热的太阳比今天的太阳大得多。5) Although a computer can think in a certain sense, the human brain with its billions of nerve cells was and still is a much more remarkable mechanism than any computer.English-Chinese Translation7虽然计算机在某种意义上也能思考，但是具有几十亿神经细
21、胞的人脑，过去是而且现在仍然是比任何计算机都出色得多的机制。7. Adding interjection2) The little boy had brought with him knife, scissors and what not, tinkling in his pocket. 这个小男孩随身带着刀子啦，剪子啦，以及诸如此类的东西，在口袋里丁零当啷直响。Man, thats really living!伙计，这才是真正的生活呢！8Adding measure words1) Please repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a co
22、in, a pencil and a rubber eraser. 请用一把木尺、一枚硬币、一支铅笔、和一块橡皮，重做这个实验。2) Aluminum is said to be the thirteenth element in the periodic table.铝是周期表上的第 13 号元素。3) This was a complete lie.这纯粹是一派胡言。9Adding illustrative words for better understanding1) Youre not Robinson Crusoe. Youre not alone, so dont be so d
23、amned selfish.你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁滨逊，不要事事只为自己打算。2) Have you got an IBM by yourself?你自己有没有 IBM 电脑？3) She is sitting in a Ford.她坐在一辆福特牌汽车里。4) The blond boy quickly crossed himself.那个金发的小伙子很快在胸口划十字，祈求上帝保佑。5) As Japans bubble bursts, a downsizing of expectations is taking place for the English-Chinese Transl
24、ation8worlds third-largest capitalist economy. 随着日本泡沫经济的破灭，对这个位居世界第三的资本主义经济大国的期望值也在下降。10. Adding summarizing words1) The Chairman summed up the work of the sub-committee composed of the representatives of the United States, Russia, China, Great Britain and France.主席总结了美、俄、中、英、法五国代表所组成的小组委员会的工作。2) Yo
25、u and I are both green hands.你我二人都是生手。3) Note that the words “velocity” and “speed” require explanation.请注意， “速率”和“速度”这两个词需要解释一下。4) The Americans and the Russians have undergone series of secret consultations.美俄双方已进行了一系列秘密磋商。5) They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution.他们
26、谈到通货膨胀、失业和环境污染等问题。6) Thus he grew in body and soul.因此他在身心两方面都成长了。11. Adding connectors for better cohesion1) I wish I could also speak Chinese. The language is so compact and so expressive that I could speak more succinctly, but unfortunately I am not cultured enough.要是我也能讲中国话就好了。中国话这种语言十分简洁，又富有表达力。
27、要是用中国话讲，我就可以说得更简练了。可惜我的文化素养还不够。2) Our rushing is understandable, but costly. 人们忙碌是可以理解的，但为此付出的代价却是高昂的。3) The film Modern Times reflects a profile of the capitalist society that there exists no other nexus between man and man than naked and callous “cash payment”. 摩登时代这部影片反映了资本主义社会的一个侧面：人与人之间除了赤裸Engl
28、ish-Chinese Translation9裸、冷酷无情的“现金交易”的关系之外，就再也没有任何别的关系了。4) White surfaces reflect heat; dark surfaces absorb it.白色表面反射热量，而黑色表面吸收热量。Amplification (Part II)II. Structural amplification1. Adding the part omitted in the original 1) -How shall I do it?-Just as you wish.这事我怎么办好？你想怎么办就怎么办。2) -Is your siste
29、r coming to the party?-Im afraid not.你姐姐来参加晚会吗？我想她不会来。3) -Did you enjoy your time in Beijing?-Yes, I did.你在北京过得愉快吗？是的，我过得很愉快。4) Either you do it, or well get somebody who will.要么你做这件事，要么我们找愿意做的人去做。5) Sometimes their face froze, sometimes their hands and their feet.有时，他们的脸冻了，有时手和脚冻了。6) Mr. White took
30、 over as Director, Mr. Black as Vice Director.怀特先生当上了局长，布莱克先生当上了副局长。2. Adding verbs omitted in the original1) As we all know that all matter consists of molecules and molecules of atoms.众所周知，一切物质由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。2) You may apply in person or by letter.English-Chinese Translation10你可以本人亲自申请或寄信申请。3. Add
31、ing the part omitted in comparison sentences1) She makes more money in a week than I do in a month.她一周挣的钱比我一个月挣的钱更多。2) I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others.我认为，中国的改革方式比其他国家的改革方式更有特色，更有成效。3) They have our interest at heart as we have theirs.他们关心我
32、们的利益，我们也关心他们的利益。4) The guard inside the prison had no guns, but those in the towers did.牢房里的狱警不带枪，但瞭望塔里的狱警是带枪的。5) I tried not to draw too much hope from the incident, but despite my resolve, I did.我力图不对这事寄予奢望，但尽管有这样的决心，我还是对此存有奢望。4. Adding the part omitted in the clause of implied condition1) They wo
33、uld not have done such a thing without government approval.如果没有政府的批准，他们不会做这件事。2) Without gravity there would be no air and no sound of any kind.倘若没有地心引力，就不会有任何空气和声音。3) Any leak, even at this late date, could have tremendous international repercussions.只要稍有泄露，即使到了今天，也会在国际上引起巨大反响。Repetition (Part I)Fo
34、r clarityI. Repetition of nouns1. Repetition of the noun as object 1) We have to analyze and solve problems.English-Chinese Translation11我们要分析问题，解决问题。2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.重建家园，保卫家园是我们的职责。3) A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.一出好戏足以教育人民，鼓舞人民。4) The pu
35、rpose of radar is to obtain, process and display information.雷达的用途在于获取信息、处理信息、显示信息。5) People use natural science to understand and change nature.人们利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。2. Repetition of the omitted noun before prepositional phrases 1) The prisoners often got into argument with each other or with the guar
36、d.囚犯们经常彼此争吵，或者与看守争吵。2) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.无知是恐惧的根源，也是羡慕的根源。3) The use of poison gas is a clear violation of international law in particular of the Geneva Convention.使用毒气显然违反国际公法，特别是违反日内瓦公约。3. Repetition of the noun as antecedent1) Radar is a newly developed tech
37、nique by which people can see the things beyond the visibility of them. 雷达是一种新开发的技术，利用雷达人们能看到视线以外的东西。2) We have advocated the principle of peaceful co-existence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。3) Please carefully read a
38、ll the following terms and conditions which shall govern your use of the software products. 请仔细阅读下列全部的条款，这些条款将指导你如何使用软件产品。4) The bank check for US $10,000 has been credited to your account, which is now English-Chinese Translation12completely clear.一万美元银行支票已经记入贵方的帐户，而贵方的帐户也完全结清。5) Everyday we make c
39、hoices which affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others. 我们每天都要做出选择，这些选择会影响自己的生活，有时还会影响别人的生活。II. Repetition of verbs1. Repetition of the verb which is common to several objects1) Plant growth needs sunshine, air and water as well.植物生长需要阳光，需要空气，也同样需要水分。2) People forget your face first, then y
40、our name.人们首先忘记你的容貌，然后又忘记你的名字。3) This requires care and, for difficult problems, great experience.这就需要细心，而且对许多困难问题来说，还需要丰富的经验。2. Repetition of the verb in Chinese for the omitted verb before prepositions in English1) Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and particularly of the
41、 spread of wealth and work.接着他谈到了慈善事业的兴起和教育的普及，特别谈到了财富和工作面的扩大。2) Grammar deals with the structure of language, English grammar with the structure of English, French grammar with the structure of French.语法论述语言的结构，英语语法论述英语的结构，法语语法论述法语的结构。3) They talked of things they longed for of meat and of hot soup
42、 and of the richness of butter. 他们谈到了他们所渴望的那些东西谈到了肉类，谈到了热汤，谈到了黄油English-Chinese Translation13的丰富营养。4) Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind.阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。III. Repetition of pronoun1. Repetition of the noun in Chinese for the pronoun in English1) Wa
43、ter evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low.温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。2) Translation from English into Chinese is not as easy as that from English into French.英译汉不如英译法容易。3) A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is forme
44、d.化学变化是改变粒子结构、形成新物质的一种变化。4) The creditor draws the bill; he is the person in the above definition and is called the drawer. He addressed it to another, who is the debtor and is called the drawee.债权人开出汇票。债权人即上述定义中的出票人。出票人将汇票开给另一人，即债务人。债务人即所谓受票人。5) Ignoring a problem does not solve it.对于一个问题置之不理，并不能解决
45、问题。2. Repetition of the noun in Chinese for the possessive pronoun in English1) Milk is liable to the growth of disease germs and hence pasteurization during its processing is required.牛奶容易滋生病菌。因此，在牛奶的加工过程中需要用巴氏消毒法灭菌。2) Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wave-length is much gre
46、ater.无线电波与光波相似，只是无线电波的波长要长得多。3) The old vagrant believes that poverty has its advantage.English-Chinese Translation14老流浪汉认为穷也有穷的好处。4) Each man has his own way of making friends.各人有各人的交友方法。5) Big families had their own difficulties.大家庭有大家庭的难处。3. Repetition of the relative pronoun1) Wherever there is
47、plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。 2) Whoever works hard will be respected.谁工作努力，谁就会受到尊重。3) You may take whichever interests you best.你对哪一个最感兴趣，就可以拿哪一个。4) Give it to whomever you like.你愿意给谁就给谁。4Someand others1) If a company is run by two, then both of them should share
48、the risks and rewards of running it.如果两人共同经营公司，就要共同承担风险，分享利润。2) A scientist constantly tries to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusions.科学家总在试图推翻自己的假设、否定自己的理论、放弃自己的结论。Repetition (Part II)I. For emphasis 1. Repetition of the same word1) This town is a small town, looking much like ot
49、her towns of its size, but few towns enjoy so many natural advantages.English-Chinese Translation15这个城市是个小城市，看上去和其它与它大小相仿的城市没有什么两样，但是其它城市却很少有这么多的天然优越条件。2) If once virtue is lost, all is lost.如果一旦丧失了道德，便丧失了一切。3) Year after year and century after century the moon goes through its cycles.一年又一年，一世纪又一世纪，月亮盈亏变化，周而复始。2Repetition of synonymous words1) During their stay in Beijing, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Beijing University and visited the Great Wall. 他们在北京逗留期间，拜访了几个老朋友，参观了北京大学，游览了长城。II. For rhetoric1. Two groups
