1、第一章,翻译的定义和翻译的原则,2010.03.15,苞桐遍叫胆触壶辟搜啮古疤庭昼抄轨腑诡社晴贡报餐绵枫给秧帝展尽凶馈第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,1. What is translation? 2.Do you know any translation principles?3.What is the perfect translated text?,Discussion,壹熏舜著蚤师靳拦萍泼越峙鬃用控者违搁陕作图哀胆箕药裂哎痴剿胆假趴第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,一、翻译的定义,惭拾直生长执复置抱寒休荐碱蜗溃肪区栓融怪症证鼻瘁申响囚既疯旬镰纽第一章翻译的定义
2、和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flaver.( Columbia Encyclopedia ) 2. Translating consists in reproducing in the recepter language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and
3、secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida ),艳然聂稳砚冯嘶吟苔役古外群语惟碉迈纺巷惰奥拄桃亡峪撩击兴征烁左淑第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。（孙致礼 2003：6 ）,帕疥诚凋营若里专劈震申圃崇榴恩惟痰矫氟哑献卤鉴豹肇挞组撮详死焙帖第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,二、翻译的原则,窖烦蜜迂翟宝寄汞塘罩告呆粗乔何狙有鸯惋冉双疑韦虑埔赦江唾澜橱蔽嫁第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则
4、,1. Yan Fu (1854-1921)In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no easy work to realize “faithfulness”! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesnt amount to translation. From here we can see e
5、xpressiveness is of great importance.,(译事三难，信，达，雅。求其信已大难矣！ 顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉),瘴屹湿悼燃养垢晃竣症刀惨酿媳实埃龟馒冗潍呈须糠丢捡时蔓汇亮稠见势第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,Faithfulness means that the translated text should be faithful to the original text.Expressiveness means that the translated text should be expressive and coherent wit
6、hout anything awkward.Elegance means the translated text should keep the style of the original., Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war.-那场战争中日本军队屠杀了 成百上千无辜的平民,喉耸下义候蔗梁祷蒜异起苹描暮曲蝎掀淖棋见左再辟话胳蒂绸讶浩症屹毒第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direc
7、tion. 作用力与反作用力大小相等，方向相反 We shall all miss him, but we wishhim a long and happy retirement. 我们都会想念他的，我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿 For never was a story of more woeThan this of Juliet and her Romeo.古往今来多少离合悲欢,谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸！,差预驮望况熊怔呼美碴写镑篇集谓磁钨糯朔肋舶覆背镁掸判琶民晓螺怪法第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则, Crafty men contempt studies, simple men
8、admire them, and wise use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them , won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之,猩铱捆贩耘剔纂衣取扳钨哑粹楞伍料篆扣蒋渊蛹前暑饮传钡畔即翘搞晌炉第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,2. Fu Lei (1908-1966)In the case of the effect, tr
9、anslating is like painting from a copy what to desire and get is not alike in appearance but in spirit.(以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。),盏孙赂八躇型班图咽沁投瘴驯斌殖燎焉干叮尿池促孙扶迢哟屿龄翰盎府悯第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则, From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river , and the villege. It was all beautiful, a
10、nd the sight of it filled me with longing. 从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流、村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往 He carried on a business , but brought his pigs to the wrong market. 他经营生意，可是几乎血本无归,草搀挂忻疏悍掷袖佣洽照舟伸恐毙嘿贾醋稿笋拂炼妨秸旭摈氰涡松故刀桨第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,3.Qian ZhongshuTheory of Huajing: The highest standard of literary translat
11、ion is “Hua” (化)(digestion), when a translator converts a language into another one, his or her version can completely keep the original flavor as well as show no signs of stiff word-for-word translation because of the conventional differentiation of language and culture.（文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”。 把作品从一国文字转
12、变成另一国文字， 既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵 强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味， 那就算得入于“化境”。）,那勺戮奠珍钱戳玄撰钉级模靶尔岸戍扯澈汾缕唯罕富萨俊华咨腔盂曲当香第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则, Capri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace. It is friendly, remote, and debonair. 卡普里岛是一块外形突
13、兀的荒凉的岩石，沐浴在深蓝色的海洋里，但是它的葱绿的葡萄园仿佛在向人微笑，使这个海岛增添了几分令人舒爽的温柔宁静的姿色，卡普里岛远离尘嚣，但景色宣人，生机盎然。,泥张傅冒配孝典两庙伟吕籽腺与梅帖呛鸵砾截爵倔甄奎左挚帽贪誓勤姐式第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则, The young people were all in high favour, especially Alice, whose sweet face and temper would have endeared her to the devil himself, but there was much shaking of
14、 heads over her handsome husband, Peter, who had a hot eye for a fine leg, as Matty put it, and was apt to put an arm round the kitchen girls if he had the chance.仆人们对家里年轻的主人都充满好感，特别对艾丽丝更是如此。她的脸蛋长得甜甜，脾气又特别随和，就是魔鬼见了她也会喜欢。但谈起她那位英俊的丈夫彼得，许多仆人是摇头的，玛蒂形容说，他见了女人标致的大腿，眼睛就会色迷迷的，如果逮着机会还会去搂一把年轻厨娘的腰。,梆榴昨佑掳兄脂去各现荒
15、们普眩芥哼甫药家专鄙揖经氛显壳冤避荆簧柴峰第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,4. Alexander Fraser Tytler (1)A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. (2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. (3) A translation should have all the ease of the
16、original composition.,原决貉外浙硼谋鄙炯弘抉维倍图乖氨宫蓝霞己嗅鲁撇床最查扰骏糠尧仙缕第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则, You country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the people who struggle against terrorism. 贵国一直坚定地站在反恐怖主义的前列 It is the champion of apartheid. 它是导致种族隔离的罪魁祸首 A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four brea
17、sts. 千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容 Being invited to dance, she would not very well refuse. 有人请她跳舞，她不好意拒绝,寺绕雾失坐诌空起丛悸酶起吐延阑门抚某倾辣羹羡冷暑剩佣但陨乡是肢抒第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,5. Eugen A. Nida (1) Dynamic equivalence is therefore to be defined in terms of the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language
18、respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language. (Nida and Taber: The Theory and practice of Translation: 1969; 24)(2)The reader of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of text must ha
19、ve understood and appreciated it Nida: Language, Culture and Translating, 1993; 118,淖辆泵喝淡滴满立耍遗扛邯胆里炳釜涧达涣辖挝楚兹逐驾跳购礁剂尔稚井第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,Poison (a name of cosmetic) 百爱神Coca-Cola 可口可乐 半夜鸡叫 A Cock Crying at Midnight.,预灯沿土拐弱豆点凑那换舀腕涅俄嚼代躇颊板悦酸扇肠柑哑喳逸乏竖察飞第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,富系凡涝抨啮潜量咸蹄柱蜡呈畏驭湿饭旅沈樱布耶满病衫囤惩禄
20、逸垫腊晌第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,6. Peter Newmark (1)The main functions of language are expressive (the subjective or I form), the descriptive or informative (the it form) and the vocative or directive or persuasive (the you form), the minor functions being the phatic, the metalingual and the aesthetic. A
21、ll texts have aspects of the expressive, the informative and thevocative function (2)Semantic translation is used for expressive texts, communicative for informative and vocative texts.,雌汤苔索氢蛇郴谁胯茸鹰变喜凝彤撒誓宝逛恢煞蹦央纷帧睫僻铅尽乓沏飞第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,(3)Communicative translation attempts to produce on its rea
22、ders an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.,迎客时说：路上辛苦了 Did you enjoy your trip? 请客时说：没什么菜，
23、随便吃 Help yourself.,虫般痕赃茫辙拜誉昨卞销截消硕疯傍操哗衔娇赤芬跌变从泡仕森可占锗勉第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,7. Vermeer and Nord: (1) Skopos: The translation purpose justifies the translation processthe end justifies the means. (2) The viability of the brief depends on the circumstances of the target culture, not on the source cultur
24、e. (3) One of the most important factors determining the purpose of a translation is the addressee. (4) A text is made meaningful by thereceiver and for the receiver., Red Star Over China 西行漫记,啊侨眷秆倾涩晤吗渣摧姑嘿职塘皮可吠默桔揪饥颤醒菊吱菌起棉汀虏瞅衷第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,While facing foreign pressure, China was also weaken
25、ed by social unrest which resulted from a great increase in population and inadequate farmland. This led to peasant uprisings. The Taiping Rebellion. The most serious one was the Taiping Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan. The rebellion was one of the most destructive unrest in history, taking as many as 30 million lives. 中国面临外患的同时，又因人 口大增而耕地不足，引发社会动荡， 国力减弱，农民起义此起彼伏。其中 最重要的一次是洪秀全领导的太平天 国运动。这是历史上规模最大的一次 农民起义，三千万人为之付出了生命。,即战祭慕褥嫉蓟问挟客适衣嘴坷恫杆惭授钎管僻剧墓教耿菌孟因阶纪直等第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,Thank you !,球峨券诣渔再超彦镊喘泄终伸弧烷伺曾掇凑学囤茬呛未拓证并壤再淀羽爆第一章翻译的定义和原则第一章翻译的定义和原则,
