1、浅谈如何提高淡水养鱼效益摘 要：淡水养鱼是指将鱼苗投放到水体里并加以饲养和管理，或对水体中的鱼类资源进行繁殖和保护，从而获得高产量鱼的生产方式。为了获得更好的养殖效益，要从养殖技术、产品结构和成本收益管理三方面综合考虑。Pick to: freshwater fish is the fish into the water and feeding and management, or to breed fish in the water resources and protection, so as to obtain high yield fish mode of production. In
2、 order to obtain better breeding benefit, from breeding technology, product structure and the cost of revenue management three aspects taken into account.关键词：淡水养鱼 效益 提高Keywords: freshwater fish farming efficiency improved21世纪以来，世界范围内的海洋捕捞渔业资源锐减，国内外市场对淡水养殖的需求越来越大，淡水养殖业得到了快速发展。我国的渔业具有较强的竞争优势，其中淡水鱼养殖出口
3、获利丰厚。随着我国淡水鱼走出国门，走向国际市场，淡水鱼养殖的发展空间更加广阔。为了使淡水鱼保持优势，健康发展，提高养殖效益，应从以下几个方面入手进行优化和改进：Since the 21st century, the world within the scope of the decline of http:/ http:/ capture fisheries resources, more and more domestic and international market demand for freshwater aquaculture and freshwater aquaculture
4、 has been rapid development. Fishing has strong competitive advantage in our country, including freshwater fish farming lucrative export. Along with our country freshwater fish go abroad, towards the international market, freshwater fish breeding more broad space for development. In order to keep fr
5、eshwater fish, healthy development, improve the breeding efficiency, optimization and improvement from the following several aspects:1养殖科学技术1. The cultivation of science and technology第一，推广现代化的养殖模式。要在现有淡水鱼养殖经营的基础上，通过政策鼓励和引导，实行股份制或合作制，大力引进外资和先进的技术，不断扩大生产规模，提高集约化程度和整体经济效益。推动技术推广和普及，发展更优化的淡水鱼养殖经济。比如网箱养
6、殖的推广。由于网箱养鱼具有投资少、易捕捞、操作简单、管理方便等特点，在水田较大、水位较深的池塘， 均可推广网箱养鱼以提高经济效益。First, promote modernization breeding mode. To on the basis of the existing freshwater fish farming business, through policy to encourage and guide, share-holding system and cooperative http:/ http:/ vigorously the introduction of fore
7、ign capital and advanced technology, constantly expanding the scale of production, increase the degree of intensification and the overall economic benefits. Promote the development of technology popularization and popularization, the more optimization of freshwater fish farming economy. Such as prom
8、otion of aquaculture. Because the cages to breed fish with less investment, easy to catch, simple operation and convenient management, etc, in paddy field is bigger, deeper pond, water can promote the cages to breed fish in order to improve the economic benefit.第二，加强应用技术的研究。为适应渔业经济的发展，提高养殖效益，必须要重视科技
9、研究，拓展科研领域，加强淡水养殖、水产品加工等方面的应用技术研究。比如大力发展现代生物技术在鱼苗培育和优化的应用。同时，要积极与有关科研机构和高校科研院所开展合作，加快产学研协作发展，加快科技成果产业化步伐。Second, strengthen the research of applied technology. In order to adapt to the development of fishery economy, improve the breeding benefit, must attach importance to technology research and deve
10、lopment of scientific research areas, strengthen the freshwater aquaculture, aquatic products processing and applications of technology research. Such as to develop the application of modern biotechnology in fish cultivation and http:/ http:/ At the same time, should actively with the relevant scien
11、tific research institutions and university research institutes cooperation, accelerate the development of production-study-research collaboration, to speed up the pace of industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.第三，加快科技的推广。要建立健全地方各级的科技推广网络，给（版权声明：本文转载自论文网在线() ，版权归原作者所有。 ）予充足的资金
12、投入和改善基础设施，加快各级水产技术推广机构的建设步伐。Third, to speed up the promotion of science and technology. To establish and improve the local network of science and technology to promote to (net of paper of copyright statement: this article reprinted from online (), all peer originator.) Giving sufficient funding and
13、to improve infrastructure, accelerate the construction pace of fisheries technology promotion agencies at all levels.2产品结构2. The product structure目前我国淡水鱼的养殖结构还是比较单一，主要产品还是局限在鲤，不能满足人民越来越多样化的需求，养殖效益越来越差。而名特优新水产品具有营养价值高、产量高、效益高、市场前景广阔等特点，既能满足广大消费者的需要，又能为养殖户带来可观的收http:/ http:/ fish farming in China at p
14、resent is single structure, the main products is limited in the carp, cannot meet the needs of the people more and more diversified, the breeding benefit. Former state and has a high nutritional value of aquatic products, high yield, high efficiency and wide prospect of market, can not only meet the
15、 needs of the consumers, and can bring considerable benefits to farmers. So to adjust product structure, promotion of varieties.一是实施特种水产工程。制定和完善淡水鱼养殖规划，推动名特品种养殖业较快发展。以市场需求为中心，改善产品结构，增加鱼类的花色和品种，树立良好的品牌效应，不仅能提高经济效益，还会促进整体渔业结构的调整。One is the implementation of special aquaculture project. Planning to dev
16、elop and improve the freshwater fish farming, to promote the name, variety breeding and rapid development. Taking market demand as the center, improve the product structure, increase fish specifications and varieties, set up a good brand effect, not only can improve the economic benefit, will promot
17、e overall fishery structure adjustment.二是因地制宜调整进行合理的布局。发展具有地方特色的养殖业，实现养殖资源优化配置。在养殖中重视环境效益和社会效益、http:/ http:/ is to adjust measures to local conditions adjust the reasonable layout. Development with local characteristics of aquaculture, aquaculture resources optimization configuration. In the breedin
18、g attaches great importance to the environmental benefits and social benefit, economic benefit is highly unified. Promote healthy farming, pollution-free breeding, production safety and quality of products.3成本收益管理3. The cost of revenue management首先，要改变传统的小农经济的经营方式，在共同致富的目标下，扩大渔业生产经营规模, 以规模经济和产业集群来降低
19、农业生产成本；还要进行科学管理，提高生产要素的使用效率，对养殖的设施设备和技术，进行不间断的控制和管理，以降低损失发生的可能性。做好科学放养，科学投喂的工作，投喂要注重饲料的质量，节约开支。First of all, to change the traditional mode of operation of small-scale peasant economy, under the common rich goal, expand the scale of fishery production and operation, with economies of scale and indus
20、trial cluster to reduce agricultural production cost; And carries on the scientific management, improve the efficiency of the http:/ http:/ of factors of production, facilities for farming equipment and technology, continuous control and management, in order to reduce the possibility of loss occur.
21、Work to do science, scientific feeding, feeding should pay attention to the quality of feed, save money.其次，发展淡水养殖保险。淡水养殖保险是由保险机构为水产养殖者在水产养殖的过程中，对遭受自然灾害和意外事故所造成的经济损失提供经济保障的一种保险。保险具有经济补偿、资金融通和社会管理的功能，这三大功能是一个有机联系的整体。Second, the development of freshwater aquaculture insurance. Freshwater aquaculture in
22、surance is the insurance institutions for aquaculture farmers in the process of aquaculture, to suffer the economic loss caused by natural calamities and accidents, a kind of insurance to provide economic security. Insurance has economic compensation, financing and social management function, the three big functions is an organic link of the whole.
