1、1经济学词汇 Aaccounting:会计accounting cost :会计成本 accounting profit :会计利润 adverse selection :逆向选择 allocation 配置 allocation of resources :资源配置 allocative efficiency :配置效率antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法 arc elasticity :弧弹性 Arrows impossibility theorem :阿罗不可能定理 Assumption :假设 asymetric information :非对称性信息 averag
2、e :平均 average cost :平均成本 average cost pricing :平均成本定价法 average fixed cost :平均固定成本 average product of capital :资本平均产量 average product of labour :劳动平均产量 average revenue :平均收益 average total cost :平均总成本 2average variable cost :平均可变成本 Bbarriers to entry :进入壁垒base year :基年bilateral monopoly :双边垄断benefit :
3、收益black market :黑市bliss point :极乐点boundary point :边界点break even point :收支相抵点budget :预算budget constraint :预算约束budget line :预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital :资本capital stock :资本存量capital output ratio :资本产出比率capitalism :资本主义cardinal utility theory :基数效用论cartel :卡特尔3ceteris puribus assumption :“其他条件不变”的假设ceter
4、is puribus demand curve :其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model :张伯伦模型change in demand :需求变化change in quantity demanded :需求量变化change in quantity supplied :供给量变化change in supply :供给变化 choice :选择closed set :闭集Coase theorem :科斯定理CobbDouglas production function :柯布-道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model :蛛网模型collective bargaining :
5、集体协议工资 collusion :合谋command economy :指令经济 commodity :商品commodity combination :商品组合 commodity market :商品市场commodity space :商品空间common property :公用财产 comparative static analysis :比较静态分析compensated budget line :补偿预算线4compensated demand function :补偿需求函数 compensation principles :补偿原则 compensating variati
6、on in income :收入补偿变量competition :竞争competitive market :竞争性市场complement goods :互补品 complete information :完全信息completeness :完备性condition for efficiency in exchange :交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production :生产的最优条件concave :凹concave function :凹函数concave preference :凹偏好consistence :一致性constant cost
7、 industry :成本不变产业constant returns to scale :规模报酬不变constraints :约束consumer :消费者consumer behavior :消费者行为consumer choice :消费者选择consumer equilibrium :消费者均衡consumer optimization :消费者优化5consumer preference :消费者偏好consumer surplus :消费者剩余consumer theory :消费者理论consumption :消费consumption bundle :消费束consumption
8、 combination :消费组合consumption possibility curve :消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier :消费可能性前沿consumption set :消费集consumption space :消费空间continuity :连续性continuous function :连续函数contract curve :契约曲线 convex :凸 convex function :凸函数 convex preference :凸偏好 convex set :凸集 corporatlon :公司 cost :成本 cost b
9、enefit analysis :成本收益分 cost function :成本函数 cost minimization :成本极小化 6Cournot equilihrium :古诺均衡 Cournot model :古诺模型Crossprice elasticity :交叉价格弹性Ddeadweights loss :重负损失 decreasing cost industry :成本递减产业 decreasing returns to scale :规模报酬递减deduction :演绎法demand :需求demand curve :需求曲线demand elasticity :需求弹性
10、demand function :需求函数demand price :需求价格demand schedule :需求表depreciation :折旧derivative :导数derive demand :派生需求difference equation :差分方程differential equation :微分方程differentiated good :差异商品differentiated oligoply :差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution :边际替代率递减7diminishing marginal return :收益递减diminishin
11、g marginal utility :边际效用递减direct approach :直接法direct taxes :直接税discounting :贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale :规模不经济disequilibrium :非均衡 distribution :分配division of labour :劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity :边际生产率分配论duoupoly :双头垄断、双寡duality :对偶durable goods :耐用品 dynamic analysis :动态分析dynamic
12、models :动态模型EEconomic agents :经济行为者economic cost :经济成本economic efficiency :经济效率economic goods :经济物品economic man :经济人economic mode :经济模型8economic profit :经济利润economic region of production :生产的经济区域economic regulation :经济调节economic rent :经济租金 exchange :交换economics :经济学exchange efficiency :交换效率economy :
13、经济exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线economy of scale :规模经济 Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思图exclusion :排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型efficiency :效率，效益efficiency parameter :效率参数elasticity :弹性elasticity of substitution :替代弹性endogenous variable :内生变量endowment :禀赋endowment of re
14、sources :资源禀赋Engel curve :恩格尔曲线9entrepreneur :企业家entrepreneurship :企业家才能entry barriers :进入壁垒entry/exit decision :进出决策envolope curve :包络线equilibrium :均衡equilibrium condition :均衡条件equilibrium price :均衡价格equilibrium quantity :均衡产量eqity :公平equivalent variation in income :收入等价变量excesscapacity theorem :过度
15、生产能力定理excess supply :过度供给exchange :交换exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线exclusion :排斥性、排他性exclusion principle :排他性原则existence :存在性existence of general equilibrium :总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables :外生变量expansion paths :扩展径expectation :期望10expected utility :期望效用expected value :期望值expenditure :支出explicit cost
16、:显性成本external benefit :外部收益external cost :外部成本external economy :外部经济external diseconomy :外部不经济externalities :外部性F Factor :要素factor demand :要素需求factor market :要素市场factors of production :生产要素factor substitution :要素替代factor supply :要素供给fallacy of composition :合成谬误final goods :最终产品firm :企业firmsdemand cu
17、rve for labor :企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve :企业供给曲线11first-degree price discrimination :第一级价格歧视 firstorder condition :一阶条件fixed costs :固定成本fixed input :固定投入fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生产函数flow :流量fluctuation :波动for whom to produce :为谁生产free entry :自由进入free goods :自由品，免费品free mobility of
18、 resources :资源自由流动free rider :搭便车，免费搭车function :函数 future value :未来值Ggame theory :对策论、博弈论general equilibrium :总体均衡general goods :一般商品Giffen goods :吉芬晶 收入补偿需求曲线Giffens Paradox :吉芬之谜 Gini coefficient :吉尼系数 goldenrule :黄金规则 12goods :货物 government failure :政府失败 government regulation :政府调控grand utility p
19、ossibility curve :总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier :总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product :异质产品Hickskaldor welfare criterion :希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity :齐次性homogeneous demand function :齐次需求函数homogeneous product :同质产品homogeneous production function :齐次生产函数horizontal summation :水平和household :家庭how to pr
20、oduce :如何生产human capital :人力资本hypothesis :假说 I identity :恒等式imperfect competion :不完全竞争implicitcost :隐性成本13income :收入income compensated demand curve :收入补偿需求曲线income constraint :收入约束income consumption curve :收入消费曲线income distribution :收入分配income effect :收入效应income elasticity of demand :需求收入弹性increasin
21、g cost industry :成本递增产业increasing returns to scale :规模报酬递增inefficiency :缺乏效率index number :指数indifference :无差异indifference curve :无差异曲线indifference map :无差异族indifference relation :无差异关系indifference set :无差异集indirect approach :间接法 individual analysis :个量分析individual demand curve :个人需求曲线individual dema
22、nd function :个人需求函数induced variable :引致变量induction :归纳法14industry :产业industry equilibrium :产业均衡industry supply curve :产业供给曲线inelastic :缺乏弹性的inferior goods :劣品inflection point :拐点information :信息information cost :信息成本initial condition :初始条件initial endowment :初始禀赋innovation :创新input :投入inputoutput :投入产
23、出institution :制度institutional economics :制度经济学insurance :保险intercept :截距interest :利息interest rate :利息率intermediate goods :中间产品internatization of externalities :外部性内部化invention :发明15inverse demand function :逆需求函数investment :投资invisible hand :看不见的手isocost line :等成本线，isoprofit curve :等利润曲线isoquant curv
24、e :等产量曲线isoquant map :等产量族Kkindeddemand curve :弯折的需求曲线Llabour :劳动labour demand :劳动需求labour supply :劳动供给labour theory of value :劳动价值论labour unions :工会laissez faire :自由放任Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘数，land :土地law :法则 law of demand and supply :供需法 16law of diminishing marginal
25、utility :边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :边际技术替代率law of increasing cost :成本递增法则law of one price :单一价格法则leaderfollower model :领导者-跟随者模型leastcost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入组合leisure :闲暇Leontief production
26、 function :列昂节夫生产函数licenses :许可证linear demand function :线性需求函数linear homogeneity :线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function :线性齐次生产函数long run :长期long run average cost :长期平均成本long run equilibrium :长期均衡long run industry supply curve :长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost :长期边际成本long run total cost :长期总成本Lo
27、renz curve :洛伦兹曲线loss minimization :损失极小化171ump sum tax :一次性征税luxury :奢侈品Mmacroeconomics :宏观经济学marginal :边际的marginal benefit :边际收益marginal cost :边际成本marginal cost pricing :边际成本定价marginal cost of factor :边际要素成本marginal physical productivity :实际实物生产率marginal product :边际产量marginal product of capital :资
28、本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour :劳动的边际产量marginal productivity :边际生产率marginal rate of substitution :边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns :边际回报marginal revenue :边际收益marginal revenue product :边际收益产品marginal revolution :边际革命marginal social benefit :社会边际收益marginal social cost :社会边际成
29、本18marginal utility :边际效用marginal value products :边际价值产品market :市场market clearance :市场结清，市场洗清market demand :市场需求market economy :市场经济market equilibrium :市场均衡market failure :市场失败market mechanism :市场机制market structure :市场结构market separation :市场分割market regulation :市场调节market share :市场份额markup pricing :
30、加减定价法Marshallian demand function :马歇尔需求函数maximization :极大化microeconomics :微观经济学minimum wage :最低工资misallocation of resources :资源误置mixed economy :混合经济model :模型money :货币19monopolistic competition :垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation :垄断剥削monopoly :垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium :垄断均衡monopoly pricing :垄断定价monopo
31、ly regulation :垄断调控monopoly rents :垄断租金monopsony :买方垄断NNash equilibrium :纳什均衡Natural monopoly :自然垄断Natural resources :自然资源Necessary condition :必要条件necessities :必需品net demand :净需求nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好nonconvexity :非凸性nonexclusion :非排斥性nonlinear pricing :非线性定价nonrivalry :非对抗性nonprice competition
32、 :非价格竞争20nonsatiation :非饱和性non-zerosum game :非零和对策normal goods :正常品normal profit :正常利润normative economics :规范经济学O objective function :目标函数oligopoly :寡头垄断oligopoly market :寡头市场oligopoly model :寡头模型opportunity cost :机会成本optimal choice :最佳选择optimal consumption bundle :消费束 perfect elasticity :完全有弹性optim
33、al resource allocation :最佳资源配置optimal scale :最佳规模optimal solution :最优解optimization :优化ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社会) 偏好排序ordinal utility :序数效用ordinary goods :一般品output :产量、产出21output elasticity :产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter :参数Pareto criterion :帕累托标准Pareto efficiency :帕
34、累托效率Pareto improvement :帕累托改进Pareto optimality :帕累托优化Pareto set :帕累托集partial derivative :偏导数partial equilibrium :局部均衡patent :专利pay off matrix :收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve :感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition :完全竞争perfect complement :完全互补品perfect monopoly :完全垄断perfect price discrimination :完全价格歧视perfect
35、substitution :完全替代品perfect inelasticity :完全无弹性perfectly elastic :完全有弹性22perfectly inelastic :完全无弹性plant size :工厂规模point elasticity :点弹性post Hoc Fallacy :后此谬误prediction :预测preference :偏好preference relation :偏好关系present value :现值price :价格price adjustment model :价格调整模型price ceiling :最高限价price consumpti
36、on curve :价格费曲线price control :价格管制price difference :价格差别price discrimination :价格歧视price elasticity of demand :需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply :供给价格弹性price floor :最低限价price maker :价格制定者price rigidity :价格刚性price seeker :价格搜求者price taker :价格接受者23price tax :从价税private benefit :私人收益principalagent issues
37、 :委托-代理问题private cost :私人成本 private goods :私人用品 private property :私人财产 producer equilibrium :生产者均衡producer theory :生产者理论 product :产品 product transformation curve :产品转换曲线 product differentiation :产品差异product group :产品集团production :生产production contract curve :生产契约曲线production efficiency :生产效率producti
38、on function :生产函数production possibility curve :生产可能性曲线productivity :生产率productivity of capital :资本生产率productivity of labor :劳动生产率profit :利润profit function :利润函数24profit maximization :利润极大化property rights :产权property rights economics :产权经济学proposition :定理proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲线public bene
39、fits :公共收益public choice :公共选择public goods :公共商品pure competition :纯粹竞争 rivalry :对抗性、竞争pure exchange :纯交换pure monopoly :纯粹垄断Q quantityadjustment model :数量调整模型quantity tax :从量税quasirent :准租金Rrate of product transformation :产品转换率rationality :理性reaction function :反应函数regulation :调节，调控25relative price 相对价
40、格rent :租金rent control :规模报酬rent seeking :寻租rent seeking economics :寻租经济学resource :资源resource allocation :资源配置returns :报酬、回报returns to scale :规模报酬revealed preference :显示性偏好revenue :收益revenue curve :收益曲线revenue function :收益函数revenue maximization :收益极大化ridge line :脊线risk :风险satiation :饱和，满足 saving :储蓄
41、scarcity :稀缺性 law of scarcity :稀缺法则 seconddegree price discrimination :二级价格歧视 second derivative :-阶导数 26secondorder condition :二阶条件service :劳务 set :集 shadow prices :影子价格 shortrun :短期 shortrun cost curve :短期成本曲线 shortrun equilibrium :短期均衡 shortrun supply curve :短期供给曲线 shut down decision :关闭决策 shortag
42、e 短缺 shut down point :关闭点 single price monopoly :单一定价垄断slope :斜率 social benefit :社会收益social cost :社会成本 social indifference curve :社会无差异曲线 social preference :社会偏好social security :社会保障 social welfare function :社会福利函数 socialism :社会主义solution :解space :空间27stability :稳定性stable equilibrium :稳定的均衡Stackelbe
43、rg model :斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis :静态分析stock :存量stock market :股票市场strategy :策略subsidy :津贴substitutes :替代品substitution effect :替代效应substitution parameter :替代参数sufficient condition :充分条件supply :供给supply curve :供给曲线supply function :供给函数supply schedule :供给表Sweezy model :斯威齐模型symmetry :对称性symmetry of inf
44、ormation :信息对称T tangency :相切28taste :兴致technical efficiency :技术效率technological constraints ；技术约束technological progress :技术进步technology :技术thirddegree price discrimination :第*价格歧视total cost :总成本total effect :总效应total expenditure :总支出total fixed cost :总固定成本total product :总产量total revenue :总收益total uti
45、lity :总效用total variable cost :总可变成本traditional economy :传统经济transitivity :传递性transaction cost :交易费用Uuncertainty :不确定性uniqueness :唯一性29unit elasticity :单位弹性unstable equilibrium :不稳定均衡utility :效用utility function :效用函数utility index :效用指数utility maximization :效用极大化utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲线utili
46、ty possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿Vvalue :价值value judge :价值判断value of marginal product :边际产量价值variable cost :可变成本variable input :可变投入variables :变量vector :向量 visible hand :看得见的手vulgur economics :庸俗经济学Wwage :工资wage rate :工资率30Walras general equilibrium :瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walrass law :瓦尔拉斯法则Wants :需要Welfare criterion :福利标准Welfare economics :福利经学Welfare loss triangle :福利损失三角形welfare maximization :福利极大化Zzero cost :零成本zero elasticity :零弹性zero homogeneity :零阶齐次性zero economic profit :零利润
