1、第 1 页 共 9 页书面表达中的高级结构一高级词汇1occur 替换 think ofSuddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2devote 替换 spendHe spends all his spare time in reading. He devotes all his s
2、pare time to reading.3seek 替换 want / look forThey sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.4average 替换 ordinaryIm an average ( ordinary ) student.5but 替换 veryThe film we saw last night was very interesting. The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last nigh
3、t was anything but boring.6seat 替换 sitOn his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.7suppose 替换 shouldHe is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.8appreciate 替换 thankThank you very much for you help. We appreciate your help very much. / Your help i
4、s much appreciated.9the case 替换 trueI dont think it is the case ( true ).10on 替换 as soon asAs soon as he arrived, he began his research. On his arrival, he began his research11due to 替换 because ofHe arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12cover 替换 walk/readAfter covering (walking) 10 miles,
5、we all felt tired.13contribute to 替换 be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?
6、Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15come to light 替换 discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16have a ball 替换 have a good time/ enjoy oneselfAfter visiting the workshop, we went back t
7、o school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).17come up with 替换 think ofJack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.18set aside 替换 save第 2 页 共 9 页Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. 19be of + n. 替换 adj.The products a
8、re of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.20refer to 替换 talk about/of, mentionThe professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.21can not but / can not help but 替换 have to doI could not but (had to) go home.22more often than not 替换 usuallyMore often than not (Usuall
9、y), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23lest 替换 so that /in order thatI wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.24be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换 want to do sth./wish forI want to see you very m
10、uch. I am long to see you.25be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to 替换 be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.26more than 替换 very Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September. Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in Septe
11、mber. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.27perfect (ly) 替换 good/ very wellHe speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).28do sb a/the favor 替换 helpWould you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio?29the other da
12、y 替换 a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. 30in the course of 替换 during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31the majority of 替换 mostThe majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer w
13、atching TV at home to going to the cinema.32consist of 替换 be made up ofOur class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.33be worn out 替换 be tired / broken After five hours non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.34become of 替换 happenWh
14、at do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?35attend to 替换 look after 36on condition that 替换 as long as37nevertheless 替换 however38express ones satisfaction with 替换 be satisfied with 39spare no efforts to do 替换 try ones best to do40many a 替换 many41be rushed off ones feet 替换 be busy in doing42a han
15、dful of 替换 a little / some43meanwhile 替换 at the same time44get to ones feet 替换 stand up 45beneath 替换 under第 3 页 共 9 页46occasionally 替换 sometimes /once in a while47for instance 替换 for example48seldom 替换 not often49wealthy 替换 rich50amazing 替换 surprising 51as a matter of fact 替换 in fact51.individuals,c
16、haracters, folks 替换(people ,persons) 52: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的 ) perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good 53:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 替换 eg.An army of college students indulge themselves i
17、n playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys orkilling time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their acade-mic records are less impressive. 54: a slice of, quiet a few , several 替换 some 55:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the vie
18、w that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替 think (因为是书面语，所以要加 that) 57:affair ,business ,matter 替换 thing 58: shared 代 common 59.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits ) 60:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 61:Increasing(ly),growing 替换 more and more( 注意
19、没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly. Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 62.beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful, 63.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换 customer 64.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换 very 65.h
20、ardly necessary, hardly inevitable . 替换 unnecessary, avoidable 66.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interest in / sb. be interested in 67.capture ones attention 替换 attract ones attention. 68.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. 69. There are sever
21、al reasons behind sth 替换reasons for sth 70.desire 替换 want. 71.bear in mind that 替换 remember 72. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意 process 是过程的意思) 73.frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth 74.to name only a few, as an example 替换 for example, for instance 75.cheap 便宜的 =Inexpensiveeconomical：经济的，不浪费，而不
22、是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房 economically affordable housingreasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable priceaffordable：能够支付的。第 4 页 共 9 页名词：Problem: issue, question, case, trouble, difficulty, dilemma.Meeting: conference, discussion, assembly, congress, convention, gathering session, Study: learning, application, lessons, readin
23、g, research, school work, examination, Advantage: benefit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, meritDisadvantage: shortcoming, weakness, inconvenience, drawback, deficiency, flaw, downside, limitation.形容词/副词Important: essential, significant, vital, crucial, profound, indispensable, critical,
24、 fundamental, primary, elementary, basically, necessaryBig: gigantic, massive, enormous, immense, tremendous, giant, vast, large, hugemany: numerous, myriad, infinite, forever (adv): eternal, timeless, everlasting，endless, perpetuallyGood: marvelous, fabulous, gorgeous, spectacular, outstanding, dis
25、tinguished, remarkable, superb, incredible, unbelievable, magnificent, charming, stunning, fantastic, terrific, excellent, great, wonderful, amazing, Bad: awful, terrible, dreadful, imperfect, inadequate, poor, substandard, unsatisfactory, harmful, damaging,hurtful, ruinous, unhealthy, evil, immoral
26、Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable, intellectual, intelligent, excellent, bright, smartHappy: delightful, glad, overjoyed, pleased, jubilant, merry, joyful,Beautiful: charming, attractive, gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet, adorable, eye-catching, handsome, hot, cute, good-looking, lovable, engagingF
27、ast： swift, quick, rapid, speedy, hasty, like lightning,急冲冲：( hurry (v): hustle, rush, make haste, step on it, dash, get a move onEasy: simple, effortless, no trouble, painless, plain sailing, uncomplicated, undemanding, unproblematic, a piece of cake (informal), childs play (informal),Clear: obviou
28、s, apparent, comprehensible, evident, manifest, plain, pronounced, recognizable, transparent, plain, understandable, simple, Direct: bald, basic, frank, plain, sincere, straightforward, .Difficult: hard, complicated, complex, intricate, involved, perplexing, puzzling, Angry: annoyed, cross, displeas
29、ed, enraged, infuriated, mad (informal), Dangerous: insecure, risky, unsafe第 5 页 共 9 页连词篇：（介词，副词）Firstly: previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, generally, commonly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally, to begin with, to s
30、tart with, first of all, at the outsetThen: subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, secondarily, what is more, furthermore (further more)Lastly: ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but not least, finallyToo: as well (句末) 也, in addition, be
31、sides, moreover, additionally, to boot, excessively, alsoAnd: plus, as well as, along with, in addition, Or: otherwise, if not, before, or elseSo (adv): therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason, hence, thats whyBecause: as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reaso
32、n that, for, now thatBut: however, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, 让步 although, even thought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact thatOnly: just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarelyWithout: excluding,Very: extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, ex
33、ceedingly, greatly, highly, uncommonly, profoundly, unusuallyActually: as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, in reality, in truth, literally, truly 巧妙起承转合第 6 页 共 9 页1.增补(Addition)first (first of all); second; next; finallyalso; in addition; whats more; besideswhats is worse, the most important thing
34、 is that.another big (problems difference.) is thatas for./when it comes toin addition 另外, furthermore 此外, again, also, besides, moreover 此外 , similarly, finally 最后2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise 同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison 比较起来, just as; just like 同样地 3.对照(Contrast)whereas 然而 ,
35、 in contrast 与此相反, on the other hand, instead 同样, however 然而, nevertheless 然而, unlike, even though 即使, on the contrary, while4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of
36、 course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most importantly6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, na
37、mely, such as, in other words, in this case, 8.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary9.推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise10.时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, firs
38、t, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front ofAdd more by yourself:11.启承转合1)、启A proverb says At present.As the proverb says Currently.Generally speaking, Now,In general, . On the WholeIt is clear that Recently.第 7 页 共 9 页It is ofte
39、n said that Without doubt, .2)、承First(of all), Moreover, .Firstly, No one can deny thatIn the first place, . Obviously.To begin with, . Of course, .Also, . Similarly,.At the same time Therefore, we should realize that.Certainly There is no doubt that.In addition,. Whats more, In fact It can be easil
40、y proved that.Meanwhile3)、转But. Still, But the problem is not so simple.There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to.However,. To our surprise,Nevertheless, Unfortunately.On the other hand, .Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel thatOthers may
41、find this to be true, but I do not. I think.4)、合Above all, In brief, Accordingly, . In conclusion, All in all, .In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion thatAs a consequence, . In short, .As I have shown/said/stated/ In sum, In summary, . As has been noted, Obviously, . By so doing, .On t
42、he whole, . Consequently, Presumably, . Eventually, .To conclude, Finally, To sum up, . In a word, To summarize, 二高级句型结构 It 句型 It will be + some time + beforeIt wont be long before humans visit the Mars. It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it
43、 has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008 年湖北卷） It is + 被强调部分 + that1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.第 8 页 共 9 页2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading tha
44、t we get our knowledge. more than any other 表示最高级Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. 名词从句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 ) My hometown is no longer what it used to
45、be.（非限制性）定语从句 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003) It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京
46、卷) 分词结构 I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) Well mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷 ) Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004
47、辽宁卷） Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（2008 年湖南卷） with 结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand. 倒装句 The library is
48、 to the east of the teaching building. East of the teaching building is the library. Although we are tired, we are happy.Tired as we are, we are happy. Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷) May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（20
49、07年湖南卷） 被动语态 Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002) All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 ) New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) 巧妙的改写（1）Only 改成 no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week. No one but Tom passed the exam.（2）as soon as 改成 No soonerthan/Hardlywhen/Immediately/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started
