1、P468 习题 14.1 下列哪些写法是错误的?(1) (2) CH3CH3OCH2=CH3ORCO- RCO-(3) (4) OOH(5) CH3=COC2H5- CH3CH=OC2H5-解:(2)、(3)、(4) 的写法是错误的。正确的写法如下:(2) (3) RCO- RCO- OOH(4) P469 习题 14.2 用碱处理顺-1-十氢化萘酮的醇溶液,并使其达到平衡后,溶液中含95%的反式异构体和的顺式异构体。试解释之。 OHH顺-1-十氢化萘酮解:可用构象式表示顺-1-十氢化萘酮的醇溶液在碱性介质中的反应: HOOH-1 (1)(2)(1)(2) HOH-15%-H - -195%H
2、HOHOH可见,在顺式异构体中存在着四个 a 键氢在空间比较拥挤的情况;而在反式异构体中却并不存在这种情况。所以反式异构体比顺式异构体更稳定,在平衡时所占的比例更高。P470 习题 14.3 完成下列反应:(1) CH32CH2OC2H5(1) C2H5ONa() +CH32CH2CO2H523(2) CH32OCH2C3CH2OC2H5(1) C2H5ONa() + CHOC2H5解释:CH32OCOH2C3- 25 COH2C325(3) CH32OC(H2)3COH2C3 (1) C2H5ONa() +CH32OCOCH23OC2H5OCCO2H5解释:CH2C2H5OCHCOH2C3C
3、2H5O2 NaOC2H5 CH25OCHC25O2OH2C3OC2H5OCCO2H5(4) CH32OC(H2)3COH2C3 CO2H5(1) C2H5ONa() + CHOH2C3CC6H5O2225P473 习题 14.4 下列化合物哪些能用乙酰乙酸乙酯合成?请写出反应式。(1) 2-庚酮 ( )CH32CH22CH23O(2) 3-庚酮 ( )CH32CH22CH23O(3) 4-庚酮 ( )CH32CH22CH23O(4) 3-甲基戊酸 ( )322OCH3(5) 2,2-二甲基丙二酸 ( )HOCOH33(6) 2,7-辛二酮 ( )CH32CH22CH23OO(7) CH3O2
4、(8) CH2COH323(9) CH3OCH2COH3解:(1)、(4)、(5) 、(6)、(7)、(8)、(9) 能用乙酰乙酸乙酯合成。各反应式如下 :(1) CH32CH22CH23OBr222CH3C2H5ONaCH32CO25 CH32CH22BrCH3CO2H5222C3CH32CH22CH23O(1) 5%NaOH2 H+(3) C2(4) CH32CH2COH 3 C32CBr3C2H5ONaCH32CO25 CH32CH3BrCH3CO2H5233(1) 40%NaOH ,(2) +CH3OH + C3H2C2COH + C2H5O 3由于三乙成酸分解产率较低,亦可将取代三乙
5、成酮分解后,再用卤仿反应得到少一个碳的酸: CH2C2H33HOCH32CH25O3BrCH253Cl2+NaOC2H5ONaCH32CO25 CH32CH3rCH3CO2H5233 (1) 5%NaOH2 H+() C2CH32CH2COH3CH32CH25O3 CH2C2H5O3NaCl2 +NaOH +(5) HOCOH33解:CH3H3OHO CH3H3OC2H5CH3O(1) I2+ NaOH() H2/- ,CH3I CH2OC2H5CH3O CH3H3OC2H5CH3O2 CH3I NaO25 Cl2 +NaOHCH3H3OHO(1) H2O/- ,CH3H3OC25NaO ()
6、 +(6) CH32CH22CH23OO BrC2H2Br2CH32CO2H5 BrCH2Br2CH5ONa CH3CH22CH3OOO25O25CH32CH22CH23OO(1) 5%NaOH2 H+(3) C2(7) CH3C2OOlCOPhCH3C2OC2H5OC25ONa CH3CHOC2H5OO65COl(1) 5%NaOH2 H+(3) C2C3CH2OO(8) CH3CHO223 ClH2PhBrC5 CH3COC2H5O265C2H5ONaCH32CO25 C25ONaCH2BrCH32BrCH3COC2H5OH23H265(1) 5%NaOH2 H+(3) C2C3CHO22
7、3(9) CH3CHO2CO2H53 Br2C253IBrCH2OC2H5C3CHOC2H5O225C2H5ONaCH32CO25CH3OCH2COH3CH3COC2H5OH3H225(1) 5%NaOH2 H+(3) C2CH3IC2H5ONaP475 习题 14.5 用丙二酸二乙酯为原料,合成下列化合物:(1) 丁二酸 ( )HOC2H2CO解:方法一: CH2OH2 BrCH2OC2H5C25NaCH2(OC25)2 aCH(OC2H5)2BrCH2OC2H5(1) 5%N2 H+(3) CO2CH2OH2CH2OC2H5(25)方法二:CH2OH2 I22CH2(OC25)2 2NaC
8、H(OC2H5)2C25Na I2(1) 5%aO2 H+(3) C2CH2OH2CH(OC2H5)(25)(2) -戊酮酸 ( )CH32CH2OHO解:CH32OCH2OHCHCH2Br3O22(O25)225ONaCH2BrCHC2H(CO2H5)2O2(1) 5%NaH(2) +CCH2(CO)2 22COCH32CH2OHOH2O2S4 ,gS4(3) 2-甲基戊酸 ( )CH32CH2COH3解:CH32CH2COH3 CH32CH2Br3I25ONaC2(OC25)2 C32C2(CO2H5)2252Br C2H5ONa(1) 5%NaOH2 H+(3) C2C3H2C2HCO3
9、CH3BrCH32CH2(OC2H5)23(4) 戊酸 ( )3222解:CH2OHCH322 CH32CH2Br25ONaC2(OC25)2 3C22CH(OC2H5)2C2H52BrCH32CH22COH(1) 5%NaH2 H+(3) CO2(5) 戊二酸 ( )HOC2H2C2OH解:O22C2OH BrH2Br2CH5ONa2CH2(OC2H5) CH2Br CH(OC2H5)22(25)2(1) 5%NaOH(2) + HOC2H2C2OHCO2CH(OH)22()2注:用丙二负离子与丙烯腈 Michael 加成应该更好。(6) 4-甲基戊酸 ( )CH3CH22COH3解:CH3
10、CH22COH3 CH3C2Br3 CH3CH2(CO2H5)23CH2(OC2H5)2C2H5ONaCH3C2Br3CH3CH2(COH)23 CO2CH3CH22COH3(1) 5%NaOH(2) +P477 习题 14.6 用反应式表示,如何合成下列化合物。(1) OOOO解:OOOOH123451,5-MichaelOOOH+C2H5BrOOC2H5BrOOC2H5ONa C2H5ONaCH2=CH22CH3OOCH22CH2C3OH2O10%Na O(2) CH3CH=2O OOC2H5解: 1,5-MichaelOOC2H512345 OCO2H525+C2H5ONaCH3CH=2O CH3CH2O2CH(OC2H5)22(C25)2C2H5ONaCO25H3O2H5 COH2O2H5C25 CO2H5- C2H5O-