1、English Grammar Sentence,英语句子种类与类型,I.五种基本句型 句子成分II、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、 THERE-BE存在句III、句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句,提 纲,I . 五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、
2、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。,句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, Am
3、erican country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）,（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （
4、2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.,（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twent
5、y one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）,（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me
6、your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.,（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）,（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表
7、示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has
8、 been worked out.（动名词）,（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once
9、 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）,状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in wi
10、th a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）,练习指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me t
11、he newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.,选择填空：1. _ will leave for
12、 Beijing.A. Now there the man B. Man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now2. The weather _.wet and cold B. is wet and coldC .not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. late
13、st D. latter,5. The actor _at the age of 70.dead B. died C. dyed D. dead6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.We, us B. us, we C. We, our D. We, we7. He found the street much _.crowd B. crowdingC. crowded D.crowdedly,8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it
14、 C. that D. that is9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.that B. when C. in which D. where,II、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句,1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。 She arrived early. She cannot have arr
15、ived now.注：1）半否定句I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句与全否定句I dont like both the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定转移I dont think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose, imagine),I、句子种类,2、疑问句 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。,I、句子种类,1）一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。Have you anything
16、 to say?Did someone phone me last night? Cant you understand it? Isnt it a beautiful lake? -Havent you been to the UK? -No, I havent.,2）特殊疑问句 疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。,I、句子种类,（1）陈述语序Who was the first man in space?（2）倒装语序Who are you talking about?,注：A、简略式 Why not go alone? Why get
17、 so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句 What do you think he has done?,I、句子种类,3）选择疑问句(1)以一般疑问句为基础Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?Shall I help you or can you manage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Which do you prefer, red wine or white?How shall we go there? By bus or by train?,4）反意疑问句,1.Tom hardly
18、 knows French, _ ?2.Mary didnt fail her exam, did she? -_, she didnt.3.You neednt come, _ you? You need to come, _ you?4.He had a big time there, _ he? He had a car, _ he? We hardly have to get up early, _ we?5.He used to live in Leeds, _ he?,does he,No,need,dont,didnt,didnt/hadnt,do,didnt/ usednt,6
19、.Lets go to the match at once, _ we? Leave me alone, _ you?7.They must have learned to drive, _ they?8.No one was hurt, _ _ ?9.There is no doubt about it, _ ?10.I dont think Anna has to go to school on Sundays, _ she?,4）反意疑问句,shall,will/wont,havent,was he/were they,is there,does,11 . Something must
20、be done to solve the problem , _ ?12 . It is impossible for him to lift such a big stone , _ ?13 . I wish to have a talk with you , _?14 . What a beautiful mountain , _?15 . Anny said that she would come to see me ,_?,mustnt it,isnt it,may I,isnt it,didnt she,3、祈使句 表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。,I、句子种类,1）带第二人称
21、的祈使句 Be quiet, please. Dont make any noise! You call a taxi. Dont you forget it.(强调) Give me a hand, will/wont/would/wouldn you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句 Let me try again. Lets go. Let us go. Lets not say anything about it./Dont lets say Let him be here by 10 oclock.,I、句子种类,3、祈使句,注意：1、加强语气 Do be careful of my b
22、roken leg. Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A :Shall I open the window? B :Yes, please do./ No, please dont. A :Shall we watch the game? B :Yes, lets.,4、感叹句 由what 或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。,I、句子种类,What a cute baby it is!What fine weather we have today!What a good time we had last night!How foolis
23、h she is!How clearly you speak!How clever a boy he is!* What a dirty room, _ ? What interesting films, _ _?,isnt it,arent they,I、句子种类,5、 THERE-BE存在句,There is a clock on the table. Once there lived a king called Lear. There goes the bell!Here comes the bus. Here he comes.There used to be a village at
24、 the foot of the mountain.There is certain to be a heavy rain tonight.There seems to be some misunderstanding.There is a baby crying in the next door.There being no bus, we had to walk home.,II、句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句,二、句子类型,1、简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。,All roads lead to Rome.He got up, dr
25、essed quickly, washed himself and went out.Is he a superman?Dont be shy. Have a try.The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.,二、句子类型,2、并列句 包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词来连接。,并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, 等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择
26、，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.,He is a basketball fan,_ his wife is a volleyball fan.Honey i
27、s sweet,_ the bee stings.Dont be late, _there is a meeting.Hurry up, _youll be late.He works hard _his brother is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFC _ a friend came.,4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for,therefore等。练习一 ：用连词填空August is the time of the year for harvesting , _every day I work from dawn until dark.,s
28、o,and,but,for,or,while,when,二、句子类型,3、复合句 复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。,（1）名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态。注意：1、whether与if的区别； 2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一 般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变 来的呢？,二、句子类型,3、复合句 （2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。,引导词的选用取决于：1）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；3）
29、引导词在定语 从句中的成分。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；,3、复合句(3)状语从句 即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after, before, as, when, while, since, till, until, whenever ,as long as, as soon as; the moment, every time, next time; no soonerthan, hardlywhen ）；2、地点（where, wherever） ；3、方式（as, as if, as though） ；4、程度/比较（asas , more than, ） ；,二、句子类型,
30、5、原因（because, since, as, now that ,that） ；6、结果（,so that ,sothat ,suchthat） ；7、目的（so that ,in order that ,in case） ；8、条件（if, unless） ；9、让步（though ,although, even if, even though , so ,whenever ,wherever, whoever ,whichever,however ,no matter how, whether） 。,二、句子类型,(3)状语从句,二、句子类型,3、复合句 并列复合句 即并列连词连接了带
31、 从句的并列句。,English is widely used in the world, but China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese.,练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My b
32、rother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；,6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said
33、 at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句,三、选择填空：1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _
34、?A. hasnt heB. isnt he C. isnt itD. hasnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an,A,C,A,4. Let us pass, _?A. shant weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?A. do IB. dont IC. is heD. isnt he6. You had better not smoke here, _?A. will youB
35、. had you C. shall youD. have you,7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A. thenB. butC. and D. or8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC. so D. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test,
36、and _.A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry,10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.A. orB. for C. whileD. so11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home? - Id like to g
37、o out.A. or B. andC. butD. so12. - “_ is the temperature today?”-“Its 38 degrees.”A. WhichB. HowC. How hotD. How high,13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?- _.A. Yes, he isntB. No, he isntC. No, he isD. He is14. _ friendly _ to everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is1
38、5. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet,16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
39、- _ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to me C. You will tell meD. If you tell me,19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he20. - I thought you had an umbrella.- I had, _ Ive lost it.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so21. _ down the r
40、adio - the babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turn,22. - I dont like chicken _ fish.- I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but24
41、. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise,25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily
42、C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whomB. whereC. whichD. while,28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday.A. do youB. will youC. didnt youD. dont you30. _ him and then try to copy what he does.A. MindB. Glance atC. Stare at D. Watch,Thank you!,GOODBYE,
