1、1专题 5-被动语态1、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由 be过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时2） has /have been done 现在完成时3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时4） was/were done 一般过去时5） had been done 过去完成时6） was/were being done 过去进行时7） shall/will be done 一般将来时8） should/would be done 过去将
2、来时9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 情态动词be过去分词。例：The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sister.2）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时（to 省略） ，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。例 Someone saw a strange
3、r walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.3)词组 如“ 动词介词 ”， “动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开，且 介词或副词 不可省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.二、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型表示“据说” 或“ 相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词th
4、at 从句 ”或“ 主语be 过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知， It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。 例;It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam
5、. ）三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch ，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）2The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last
6、, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable.四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意
7、义 。1 在 need，want，require 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例 The house needs repairing（to be repaired） 这房子需要修理。2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading （The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3. 在某些 “形容词不定式”的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻
8、辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。形容词有 nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）.4 在 too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.5. 在 be to do 结构中 rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表
9、示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?3被动语态跟踪练习1)It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days. A) designed B) has been designed C) will be designed D) will have been designed2)We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.A) will already have started B) would already
10、have started C) shall have already started D) has already been started3) She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her.A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken4) Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found5)“Have you moved in to the new flat?”“N
11、ot yet. The room_.”A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted6) My pictures _until next Friday.A) wont develop B) arent developed C) dont develop D) won t be developed7) Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.A) had been unemployed B) was unemployed C) has been unemployed D)
12、 has unemployed8) A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established9) Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fin
13、ed D) will have been fined10)“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”A) They have been given B) I have been given C) I am given D) They have given to me11) The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee.A) is announced B) have been a
14、nnounced 4C) are announced D) has been announced12) I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room.A) was B) had C) had been D) is13)The goods _when we arrived at the airport.A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded14) If one
15、 _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.A) was not B) were not C) were not being D) had not been16) You ought to h
16、ave put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling17) After the race_, the celebration began.A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won18) He was here for a little while, but I dont knows where she _now.A) is B) was C) had been D) ha
17、s been19) The young teacher has _ competent.A) been proved to be B) proved to be C) been proved D) proved being20) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in March 1930.A) discovered B) was discovered C) by discovery D) when discovered21) To get a better view of the stage,
18、 _.A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changed C) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us22) After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material.A) created B) has created C) has been created D) had been created23) I think much attention _your pronunciation.A) m
19、ust be paid to B) ought to be paid to C) must pay to D) should be paid to24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.A) have taken B) have been taken C) have been taking D) have been taking525) I dont remember _the chance to try this method.A) ha
20、ving been given B) to have been given C) having given D) to have given【强化训练】26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_.A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known27) The construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month.A) must be completed B) must have been completed
21、 C) will be completing D) will have been completing28) They would tell how the African _on a ship to an American port.A) was brought B) could have been brought C) had been brought D) was to be brought29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belon
22、gs D) is belonging30) Negotiation _again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening C) is going to open D) opens31) The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet.A) has not explained B) has not been explained C) did not explaine
23、d D) were not explained32) Experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.A) were conducting B)were conducted C) had been conducted D) had conducted33) When he turned the corner, he found himself _by a man in black.A) tailed B) been tailed C)
24、was tailed D) had been tailed34) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination _at this moment.A) is interviewing B) being interviewed C) is being interviewed D) interviewing35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house.A) building B) build C) built D) to build36)
25、 As we know, all the regulations in school _.A) must keep to B) must be kept C) must keep D) must be kept up637) The composition _any more.A) need not to be corrected B) doesnt need to be corrected C) doesnt need be corrected D) need not correct38) The bank is reported in the local newspaper _in bro
26、ad daylight yesterdayA) to be robbed B) to have keen robbed C) robbed D)shavings been robbed39) Hurry up, or the tickets _out by the time we get there.A) will have sold B) will sell C) have sold D) will have been sold40) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it _.A) was damaged B) should be damaged C) damaged D) would be damaged
