1、培养 cultivate,foster,nurture促进学生身心发展 promote the students physical, mental(or intellectual)and emotional development心理健康 psychological soundness (or well-being)学习能力 （先天） aptitude, talent学习能力 （后天） ability, skill学校教育 schooling家庭教育 upbringing给学生以动力 give the students motivation to do sth,motivate the stu
2、dents to do sth青少年 adolescents, youngsters, youths传授知识 impart(or inculcate) knowledge灌输高尚的道德观 instill high moral values给学生以灵感 give the students thought /inspiration家长的教育方式 parenting/ upbringing教学法 teaching/ methodology适应 adapt to sth, adjust oneself to sth. Become accustomed to sth适应能力 adaptability这
3、生对老师所教知识的掌握 students grasp/ command of what has been taught就业技能 employable/ marketable skills填鸭式教学教学生 fore-feed the students学生不应该是被接受知识的容器students should not be treaded as passive receptacles of predigested ideas死记硬背 learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆 memorize for memorizations own sake责任感 a sense of oblig
4、ation记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律 memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws应用 apply盲从 follow sth blindly限制创造力的发展 extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity打击学生的积极性 dampen/ sap the students enthusiasm, frustrate the students产生不必要的压力 beget/create undue pressure塑造某人的性格 mould ones character把学生分开教育 segregate student
5、s来自其它同学的压力 peer pressure逆境 adverse circumstances , adversity团队精神 team spirit独立思考 think independently在理解的基础上这学习 learn things through understanding鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题 encourage the students to think critically学生的反馈 students feedback. students input学生评价老师的教学 student appraise/ evaluate their teachers performa
6、nce各门功课总称 curriculum具体一门课的内容 syllabus课外活动 extra-curricular activities学校是社会的缩影 A school society in miniature不遵守纪律 indiscipline, misbehavior, mischief违反纪律的学生 disruptive students, unruly students理论知识 theoretical knowledge通才 generalist专才 specialist全面发展的 well-rounded, versatile为社会健康发展作贡献 contribute to so
7、cietal well-being人文学科 humanities社会科学 social sciences艺术 arts文科总称 liberal studies/ arts理科 sciences工科 engineering学科（通称） discipline基础科学 basic sciences应用科学 applied sciences小（中，大）学教育 primary-level(secondary-level/tertiary-level) education职业教育 vocational education ( training)technology 科技 尖端的技术 cutting-edg
8、e technology信息爆炸 information explosion (overload)信息时代 the information age (era)互联网的广泛使用 the proliferation of the internet科技创新及发展 technological innovations/inventions/ advances/progressions提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost efficiency提高生产效率 augment/enhance/ boost/ productivity减少人力的机器 labor-saving machinery
9、取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery自动化 automation, automated生物技术 biotechnology克隆 clone, cloning远程通讯 telecommunications太空探索 space exploration人的基因构成 ones genetic makeup/ ones DNA programmingmedia媒体 时事 current affairs新闻界 the press印刷媒体 the print media报道新闻的机构 new outlets电子媒体 the electronic media无处不在的 preva
10、lent. ubiquitous, pervasive充斥着 be awash with, be inundate with, be saturated with sth审查 censor删除 delete, eliminate, excise过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic contents有误导性的 misleading/misrepresented/distorted诈骗性的 fraudulent虚假的 false/bogus报道非常详尽的细节 report sth in graphic detail媒体炒作
11、 media hype夸大事件 exaggerate things, sensationalize things, blow things out of all proportions公正客观的 objective and balanced揭露 expose/ reveal侵犯隐私 violate/ intrude on/infringe on ones privacy毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch ones reputation狗仔队 paparazzi名人 celebrities/ a celebrity丑闻 scandals掩盖 cover up
12、/ gloss over/ whitewash不客观的 biased/ skewed/ unobjective如实的描述 factual accounts可信的 reliable/ trustworthy/dependable及时的 up-to-date/ up-to-the-minute信息量大的 informative娱乐性强的 entertaining有新闻价值的 newsworthy道德准则 code of ethics/ code of conductgovernment政府 当局 authorities老百姓 citizens/ the citizenry规范，管理 regulat
13、e/ administer/oversee实施 implement立法 legislate/make laws严禁 strictly prohibit/ban altogether严格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation监督 scrutiny/scrutinize/ monitor为拔款 allocate money to sth. Be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth预算 budget税收 tax revenue政府开支 the government spending/ expenditure
14、on sth削减 curtail当务之急 priority把当作当务之急 give priority to sth责任 responsibility/ obligation军备竞赛 arms race自卫 self-defense国土安全 national security缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy扩张 expansion/ aggression谋求霸权 seek/pursue hegemony恶性循环 a vicious circle地区不稳定因素 establishing factors规章制度 rules and regulations太空竞赛 space
15、race武器 arms/ weapons/ armaments下岗工人 laid-off workers/downsized workers失业 unemployment基础设施 joblessness公共交通系统 infrastructure电网 public transport system民主的 power grid民主 democratic/ democracy石油天然气管线 pine lines给排水系统 water supply and drainage system民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive governmentlanguage 语
16、言 一种可以通用的语言 a lingua franca/ a universal language/ a global language英语的广泛应用 the proliferation of English英语的统治地位 the dominant role/ the ascendancy / the hegemony of English方言 dialect/ vernacular小语种将会消亡 lesser-known languages will become extinct 小语种的消亡 the extinction/ demise of lesser-known languagesc
17、ulture文化 保护 preserve祖先 forefathers/ ancestors后代 descendants/ posterity少数民族 ethnic minorities民族团结 the harmony between ethnic groups/ races文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis互相影响 interaction文化多元性 cultural diversity丰富 enrich狭隘的观念 insular / provincial/ parochial mentally贬低 deprecate/ denigrate/ mini
18、mize the importance of / disparage/ discredit不是一成不变的 sth is not set carved in stonedevelopment 发展 生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated疲劳 fatigue导致人与人之间疏远 create alienation between people过于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/ money-worshipping追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic
19、congestion/ gridlock阻碍 impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit扶贫 poverty alleviation就业机会 job opportunity贫穷的 needy/ poverty-stricken/ impoverished/deprived/ destitute/ indigent富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ well-off撞车 car wrecks/ car accidents/行人 pedestrians交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators违章横穿马路 jaywalk监控摄像
20、头 surveillance camera有特殊审美价值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic value有特殊历史意的老房子 buildings of historic significance民居 vernacular dwellings让城市更美观 beauty the cities/ better the cityscape破旧的 decrepit/ rundown/ rickety/ dilapidated拆除 tear down/ knock down/ demolish/ raze a building高楼 high-rise buildi
21、ngs摩天大楼 skyscrapers城市化 urbanization城乡差距 the disparity between theist and the countryside城市的 urbanization乡村的 rural搬迁 relocate在家上班 telecommute休闲 leisure/ recreation精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment娱乐 entertainment/ diversion宽松的管理 laissez-faire management运营成本 operating costs雇用 recruit会导致效率降低的 counterprodu
22、ctive劳动力资源 labor pool抑郁症 depression失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/ insomnia人品爆炸 population explosion/ population boom控制人口 family planning/ birth control爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ostentatious缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle营养过剩 over nourishmentglobalisation政府 （一个国家或地区的）文化特性 national/ regional cultural ident
23、ity全球文化同一化过程 global cultural homogenization文化同一性 cultural homogeneity/ cultural uniformity全球化是一把双刃剑 Globalization is a two-edged sword地球村 the global villagewomen妇女 两性平等 gender equality性别歧视 gender discrimination/ sexism一个开明的社会 a progressive / enlightened society被家务事拖累 Be tied down by household chores
24、生育孩子 child bearing扶养孩子 child rearing母性的本能 maternal instinct家务 housework/ household choresfamilies家庭 老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens家庭铖员间的情感纽带 family bonds/ family ties归属感 a sense of belonging对的依恋 an attachment to sth单亲家庭 single-parent households虐待 mistreat/ abuse家庭暴力 domestic violence毒品上瘾 addict
25、ion to drugs/ be addicted to drugstourism 旅游 旅游景点 tourist attractions/ tourist spots/ places of interest开阔眼界 push back ones vision/ horizons游客与当地的人互动 tourists can interact with the locals促进文化交流 promote cultural communication吸引 draw/ attract/ appeal to/ be a magnet for sb亲身体验 first-hand experience多种感
26、官体验 multi-sensory冲突 conflict争端 discord/ dissension把游客和当地人隔离 seclude/ isolate tourist from the locals商业化 commercialize Commodity间接体验 second- hand experience/ vicarious experience文化遗产 cultural heritageenvironment 环境 生态平衡 ecological balance可持续发展 sustainable development环保主义者 environments对环境无害的 environme
27、ntally-friendly节约使用 conserve保护 preserve再利用 reuse各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces / make a concerted effort unite 增强公从关于的意识 raise the public awareness of sth短缺 shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack承受很大压力的资源 put a strain on the resources/ stretched resources破坏自然资源 wreak havoc on natura
28、l resources砍伐森林 deforestation污染 pollute/contaminate有毒的 poisonous/ toxic增加农产品产量 boost crop yield可再生资源 renewable resources不可再生资源 non-renewable resources消耗 consume/ deplete用尽 use up/ exhaust严厉的措施 harsh actions/ measures生态系统 ecological system某一地区所有生物总称 the wildlife in a region生物的多样性 biodiversity污水 efflu
29、ent/ sewage排放 discharge温室效应 greenhouse effect严重的 severe/ grave/ grievous白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone sth臭氧层 ozone layer肥沃的土壤 fertile oil贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil耕地 arable land/ farmlandcrime 犯罪 触犯法律 break/ violate/ flout/ disobey the law犯罪 commit a crime罪行 offenc
30、es罪犯 criminal/ offender/ culprit/perpetrator从犯 accomplice/ accessory憎恨社会 resent society/ hold a grudge against society囚犯 inmate/ convicts受害者 victim心理创伤 trauma牢房 cell监禁 imprison/ incarcerate someone被绳之以法 be brought to justice宽容的 lenient改造罪犯 reform criminals执法部门 law enforcement agencies重罪 heinous crim
31、e/ flagitious crime/ felony轻罪 petty crime/ misdemeanor初犯的人 first-time offender惯犯 hardened criminals/ repeat criminals再次犯罪 revert to crime守法的公民 law-abiding citizens遵守法律 abide by the law/ comply with the law无视 disregard给某人造成心理创伤 traumatize someone抓捕 track down/ hunt down/ capture犯罪倾向 criminal tendency
32、animal 动物 动物权益保护主义者 animal right activists医学研究 medical research残忍的 cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/brutal活体解剖 vivisection麻醉 anesthetic减轻动物的痛苦 relieve/ alleviate/ ease animals pain宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are their masters companions给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort偷猎 poach/ poaching某一种事情是没有替代物的 there are no replacements/ substitutes/ alternatives for sth.
