1、IELTS 写作 288 个高分词汇说明：1 某个类别的词汇也可以用在其他类别，应灵活掌握。2 注意词汇的用法，尤其是词性。3 如果真的可以记熟以下词汇，雅思写作的用词方面你已经可以算一个专家了。4 只要记一个词就必须记熟练，如果似是而非、不熟练不准确的记忆在考场上只能导致扣分而不是拿分。Education培养 cultivate(v.) foster(v.) nurture(v.)促进学生身心发展 promote the students physical, mental (or intellectual) and emotional development心理健康 psychologica
2、l soundness (or well-being/farewell)上学 attend school (“上学” 似乎根本不是个问题，但其实在 IELTS 写作里也有比 go to school 更精准的表达。如果要具体写去上某一所或者某类学校则可以给 school 加上 a 或者复数)剑 8例句：Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools (男女合校).学习能力（先天） aptitude(n.) talent(n.)学习能力（后天） skill(n.)学校教育
3、 schooling(n.)家庭教育 upbringing(n.)/parenting(n.)给学生以动力 give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.青少年 adolescents(n.) youngsters(n.) youths(n.)传授知识 impact (or inculcate) knowledge灌输高尚的价值观 instill high moral values(注意 value 这里是复数)给学生以灵感 give the students inspiration 教学法 t
4、eaching (or pedagogical) methodology适应 adapt to do sth. adjust oneself to do sth.become accustomed to do sth.适应能力 adaptability (n.)学生对老师所授知识的掌握 students grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业能力 employable (or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教学生 force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器Students should not
5、 be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas死记硬背 learn things by rote为了记忆而记忆 memorise for memorisations own sake责任感 a sense of obligation/duty/responsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定义 memorise equations, formulas, theorems and laws 应用 apply(vt.)盲从 follow sth. blindly follow sth. indiscriminately限制创造力
6、的发展 extinguish (or stifle/constrain) creativity打击学生的积极性 dampen (or sap) the students enthusiasmfrustrate the students产生不必要的压力 beget (or create) undue pressure塑造某人的性格 mould ones character把学生分开教育 segregate the students同龄人 peers来自其他同学的压力 peer pressure逆境 adverse circumstancesadverstity (n.)团队精神 team spi
7、rit独立思考 think independently 在理解的基础上思考 learn things through understanding鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题 encourage the students to think critically学生的反馈 students feedbackstudents input学生评级老师的教学 Students appraise/evaluate their teachers performance各门科目的总称 curriculum (n.)具体一门科目的内容 syllabus (n.)课外活动 extra-curricular acti
8、vities学校是社会的缩影 A school is soclety in miniature不遵守纪律 (名词) indiscipline ( n.)misbehavior (n.)mischief (n.)违反纪律的学生 disruptive studentsunruly students理论知识 theoretical knowledge通才 gegeneralist (n.)专才 specialist (n.)全面发展的 well-rounded (adj.)versatile (adj.)为社会健康发展作贡献 contribute to societal well-being (or
9、 welfare)人文学科 humanities (n.)社会科学 social sciences艺术 arts (n.)文科总称 liberal studies/arts (n.)理科 sciences (n.)工科 engineering (n.)学科(通称) discipline (n.)基础科学 basic sciences应用科学 applied sciences小(中、大学)教育 primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level) education职业教育 vocational educationTechnology 尖端的信息
10、cutting-edge technology信息爆炸 information explosion(or overload)信息时代 the information age(or era)互联网的广泛使用 the proliferation use of the Internet/the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet 科技创新及发展 technological innovations(or inventions) and advances/progressions提高效率 augment(or
11、 enhance/boost) efficiency提高生产效率 augment(or enhance/boost) productivity减少人力的机器 labour-saving machinery 取代人力的机器 labour-replacing machinery自动化 automation(n.)automated(adj.)生物技术 biotechnology克隆 clone(v.)cloning(n.)远程通信 telecommunication太空探索 space exploration/space probe人的基因构成 ones genetic makeupones DN
12、A programmingMedia 时事 current affairs新闻界 the press印刷媒体 the print media电子媒体 the electronic media报道新闻的机构 news outlets无处不在的 prevalent(adj.)ubiquitous(adj.)pervasive(adj.)充斥着 be awash withbe inundated withbe saturated with sth审查 censor(v.)删除 delete(v.)eliminate(v.)excise(v.)过多的暴力与色情内容 dxcessive (or grat
13、uitous) violent and pornographic有误导性的 misleading(adj.)misrepresented(adj.)distorted(adj.)诈骗性的 fraudulent(adj.)虚假的 false(adj.)bogus(adj.)报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. In graphic detail媒体炒作 media hype夸大事件 exaggerate thingssensationalise things blow things out of all proportions公正客观的 objective and balanced 揭露
14、expose(v.)reveal(v.)侵犯隐私 violate (or intrude on/infringe on ) someones privacy毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish(or sully/smear/besmirch) ones reputation狗仔队 paparazzi(n.)(paparazzi)是复数名词名人 celebrities(pl.)单数是 a celebrity丑闻 scandals(n.)掩盖 cover upgloss overwhitewash (v.)不客观的 biased(adj.)akewed(adj.)unobjective(adj.)如实的
15、描述 factual accounts可信的 reliable(adj.)trustworthy(adj.)dependable(adj.)及时的 up-to-dateup-to-the-minute信息量大的 informative(adj.)娱乐性强的 entertaining(adj.)有新闻价值的 newsworthy(adj.)道德标准 code of ethicscode of conductGovernment当局 authorities(n.)老百姓 citizens(n.)the citizenry规范，管理 regulate (v.)monitor(v.)oversee(v
16、.)实施 implement(v.)立法 legislate(v.)make laws严禁 strictly prohibitban altogether严格的法律 stringent laws (or legislation)监督 scrutiny(n.)scrutinise(v.)monitor(v.)为拨款 allocate money to sth.be a patron ofinvest infund (v.)dedicate mondy to sth.预算 budget (n.)税收 tax revenue政府开支 the government spending/expenditu
17、re on sth.剑 8实例：the changes in annual government spending消减 curtail (v.)增添 augment (v.)当务之急 priority (n.)把当成当务之急 give priority to sth.责任 duty (n.)responsibility (n.)obligation (n.)军备竞赛 arms race (n.)自卫 self-defence (n.)国土安全 national securityhomeland security缺乏远见的政策 Short-sighted policy扩张 expansion (
18、n.)aggression (n.)谋求霸权 seek (or pursue) hegemony恶性循环 a vicious circle地区不稳定因素 destabilising factors规章制度 rules and regulations太空竞赛 space race武器 arms (n.)weapons (n.)armaments (n.)下岗工人 laid-off workersdownsized workers失业 unemployment (n.)joblessness (n.)基础设施 infrastructure (n.)公共交通系统 public transport s
19、ystem (这是英式写法 )电网 power grid民主的 democratic民主 democracy石油天然气管线 pipelines给排水系统 water supply and drainage system民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive governmentLanguage一种可以通用的语言a lingua francaa universal languagea global language英语的广泛应用 the proliferation of English英语的统治地位 the dominant role ( or the asc
20、endancy/ the hegemony ) of English方言dialect ( n. )vernacular ( n. )the indigenous language小语种将会消亡 lesser-known languages will become extinct ( or obsolete )小语种的消亡 the extinction ( or demise )of lesser-known languagesCulture 文化遗产包括有形的和无形的两种，有形的如历史遗迹；无形的如风俗、仪式、传统道德观念等。Cultural heritage can be divided
21、into two groups: tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites, and intangible cultural heritage, such as cutomes, rites, rituals and mores.保护 preserve (v.) / protect ( v. )祖先 forefathers ( n.)ancestors ( n.)后代 descendants ( n.)posterity ( n.)少数民族 ethnic minorities民族团结 the harmony between ethni
22、c groups ( or races )文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis相互影响 interaction (n. )动词词组是 interact with文化多元性 cultural diversity / cultural heterogeneity (第二个表达非常正式，只作替换时用)丰富 enrich ( v.)狭隘的观念 insular ( or provincial/ parochial ) mentality贬低deprecate (v. )denigrate ( v. )minimise the importance ofdispa
23、rage ( v. )trivialise ( v. )discredit ( v. )不是一成不变的 sth. is not set/carved in stoneDevelopment生活节奏加速 The tempo/ pace of life is accelerating持续的疲劳 fatigue ( n. )导致人与人之间疏远 create alienation between people过于功利的materialistic (adj. )mercenary (adj. )money-worshipping (adj. )追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit
24、（公共的）交通运输方式modes of transport/ means of transport (请注意 transport 作名词时是英式拼写，对应的名词美式拼写则是被国内同学所更熟悉的transportation)交通工具 vehicle (n.)私家车 private vehicle汽油 petrol (BrE) / gasoline (AmE)交通堵塞traffic jamstraffic congestiongridlock ( n.)剑 8例句：Traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of priva
25、te vehicle people can use.阻碍impede (v.)hinder (v.)hamper (v.)obstruct (v.)inhibit (v.)扶贫 poverty alleviation (v.)就业机会 job opportunityemployment opportunity贫穷的needy (adj.)poverty-strickenimpoverished (adj.)deprived (adj.)destitute (adj.)indigent (adj.)富裕的affluent (adj.)wealthy (adj.)well-off 撞车 car w
26、reckscar accidents行人 pedestrians (n.)交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators违章横穿马路 jaywalk (v.)监控摄像头 surveillance camera有特殊审美价值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic value有特殊历史意义的老房子 buildings of historic significnace居民 vernacular dwellings让城市更美好 enhance the cityscape破旧的（房子）decrepit (adj.)rundown (adj.
27、)rickety (adj.)dilapidated (adj.)拆除tear down/knock down/demolish/rase (a building)高楼 high-rise buildings摩天大楼 skyscrapers (n.)城市化 urbanization (n.)城乡差距 the disparity between the city and the countryside城市的 urban (adj.）乡村的 rural (adj.)搬迁 relocate (v.)在家上班 telecommute (v.)休闲 leisure (n.)recreation (n.)
28、精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment娱乐 entertainment (n.)diversion (n.)宽松的管理 laissez-faire management运营成本 operating costsoverhead costs雇用 recruit (v.)会导致效率降低的 counterproductive (adj.)劳动力资源 labour pool(labour 是英式写法)抑郁症 depression (n.)失眠sleeplessness (n.)sleep-deprivation insomnia (n.)人口爆炸 population explos
29、ionpopulation boom控制人口 family planningbirth control爱慕虚荣的 pretentious (adj.)ostentatious (adj.)缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle营养过剩 overnourishment (n.)Globalisation 合作 cooperate with/ collaborate with（一个国家或地区的）文化特性 (nation or regional) cultural identity全球文化同一化过程（即地区文化的消失） global cultural homogenisation
30、文化同一性 cultural homogeneitycultural uniformity全球化是一把双刃剑 Globalisation is a two-edged sword.地球村 the global village文化同化 cultural assimilation侵蚀亚洲文化 erode the Asian cultureWomen两性平等 gender equality性别歧视 gender discriminationsexism (n.)一个开明的社会 a progressive/enlightened society被家务事拖累 be tied down household
31、 chores 生育孩子 child bearing抚育孩子 child rearing母性本能 maternal instinct家务事 housework (n.)household choresFamilies老年人 elderly peoplesenior citizens家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bondsfamily ties归属感 a sense of belonging对的依恋 an attachment to sth.an affinity for sth.单亲家庭 single-parent households虐待 mistreat (v.)abuse (v.)
32、家庭暴力 domestic violence毒品上瘾 addiction to drugsbe addicted to drugsTourism旅游景点 tourist attractions tourist spotsplaces of interest开阔眼界 push back(or expand)ones vision(or horizons)(horizons 必须是复数)游客可以与当地人互动 Tourists can interact with the locals.促进文化交流 promote cultural communication吸引 draw(or attract/ap
33、peal to/be a magnet for sb.)亲身体验 first-hand experience多种感官体验的（如听觉，触觉等） multi-sensory(adj.)冲突 conflict(与 with 搭配使用)争端 discord (n.)dissension (n.)把游客和当地人隔离 seclude (or isolate) the tourist from the locals商业化 commercialise (v.)commodify (v.)间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网） second-hand experience / vicarious experienc
34、e文化遗产 cultural heritage互联网不会让旅游业过时 the Internet will not render tourism obsoleteEnvironment生态平衡 ecological balanceecological equilibrium可持续发展 sustainable development环保主义者 environmentalists (n.)conservationists (n.)对环境无害的 environmentally-friendly (adj.)节约使用 conserve (v.)保护 preserve (v.)再利用 reuse (v.)
35、recycle (v.)各国必须携手解决环境问题 countries on this planet must join forces/make a concerted effort/unite to combat (or tackle/resolve/address) environmental problems增强公众关于的意识 raise (or elevate) the public awareness of sth.短缺 shortage (n.)scarcity (n.)dearth (n.)lack (n.)让资源承受很大的压力 put a strain on the resour
36、ces stretch resources to the limit (固定短语)破坏自然资源 wreak havoc on natural resources砍伐森林 deforestation (n.)污染 pollute (v.)contaminate (v.)有毒的 poisonous (adj.)toxic (adj.)增加农产品产量 boost crop yield可再生资源 renewable resources不可再生资源 non-renewable resources(包括：金属metals、矿产 minerals、石油petroleum、天然气 natural gas、煤
37、coal等。后三种可以总称为 fossil fuels)消耗（某种资源） consume (v.)deplete (v.)用尽（某种资源） use up exhaust (v.)严厉的措施 harsh actions/measures (n.)生态系统 ecosystem (n.)ecological system某一地区所有生物总称 the wildlife in a regionthe biota (=flora+fauna) of a region生物的多样性 biodiversity （n.）污水 effluent (n,)sewage (n.)排放 discharge (n.)温室效
38、应 greenhouse effectglobal warming严重的 severe (adj.)grave (adj.)grievous (adj.)白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbagewastes that cannot decompose or break downinorganic trash谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone sth.臭氧层 ozone layer肥沃的土壤 fertile soil贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil耕地 arable landfarmland (n.)Crime触犯法律 b
39、reak( or violate/ flout/ disobey) the law犯罪 commit a crime罪行 offences(n.) (英式拼写)crimes(n.)criminal acts罪犯 criminal(n.)offender(n.)culprit(n.)perpetrator(n.)从犯 accomplice(n.)accessory(n.)(后者指帮助犯罪但未直接参与的人)憎恨社会 resent societyhold a grudge against society囚犯 inmate(n.)convicts(n.)受害者 victim(n.)心理创伤 traum
40、a(n.)牢房 cell(n.)监禁 imprison( or incarcerate) someone被绳之以法 be brought to justice宽容的 lenient( adj.)改造罪犯 reform criminalsrehabilitate criminals执法部门 law enforcement agencies重罪 heinous crimeflagitious crimefelony( n.)轻罪 petty crimemisdemeanor( 这是英式拼写)初犯的人 first-time offender惯犯 hardened criminalsrepeat cr
41、iminals再次犯罪 revert to crime守法的公民 law-abiding citizens遵守法律 abide by the lawcomply with the law无视 disregard( v.)给某人造成心理创伤 traumatize someone抓捕 track downhunt downcapture( v.)犯罪倾向 criminal tendencyAnimals动物权益保护主义者 animal right activists医学研究 medical research残忍的 cruel( adj.)merciless( adj.)inhuman( adj.)
42、（主义和 inhumane“不人道”的区分）callous( adj.)brutal( adj.)活体解剖 vivisection( n.)麻醉 anaesthetic(n.)(这是英式拼写)减轻动物的痛苦 relieve/ alleviate/ ease animals pain宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are their masters companions给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort偷猎 poach( v.)poaching( n.)某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacements/ substitutes/ alternatives for sth.(如果是单数则 replacementssubstitutes和 alternatives 要去掉 s)以上就是 288 个高分词汇。
