1、论文：从肢体语言看中西方文化差异 Chinese and western cultural differences in body language 一.引言 二. 肢体语言概述 （1）肢体语言的概念及特征 （2）肢体语言的相关理论三、肢体语言在差异文化中的发展与演变 （1）肢体语言在人类社会交流方面的重要性 1 不同种类的肢体语言所代表的意思2 肢体语言在交流中的作用以及重要性3 在中西方交流中，怎样恰当的使用肢体语言 ？（2）社群交流及族群认同性对区域文化历史的形成、发展的重大影响1 中西方区域文化的历史的形成和发展对比2 中西方区域交流文化的重大差异（3）区域文化对肢体语言的反作用 （4
2、）中西方文化的主要内容和差异 1 肢体语言对中西方交流文化的影响2 通过肢体语言对中西方交流文化造成差异的过程以及原因3 中西方交流文化中的肢体语言的比较以及异同四肢体语言的东西方差异，在经济全球化带动文化交流融合的现代的发展趋势。1 在中西方交流中学习肢体语言的必要性和重要性2 肢体语言在文化交流中的发展趋势五 结论 1 General ideas of body languageA the definition of body language B the relative theory of body language 2 the development and exchange of
3、body language in different culturesA the importance of body language in human s communication 1. Introduction 12. The necessity and importance of learning body language on nonverbal communication 23. The concrete types and application of the body language 33.1 Types of body language 33.1.1 Distance
4、between people conversing 33.1.2 Physical contact 33.1.3 Eye contact 43.1.4 Smiles and laughter 63.1.5 Gestures 63.2 Application of the body language 63.2.1 Greetings 63.2.2 Signs of affection 83.2.3 Physical contact in life 83.3 A comparative study of Chinese and American body language 94. Conclusi
5、on 12Introduction1. General ideas of body language 52. ?The different kinds of body language 62.1 Manual speech2.2 face expression2.3 posture expression3. ?The function of body language4.How to use body language5. The importance of body language浅谈非语言交际中的身势语摘要“身势语 ”同语言一样，都是文化的一部分。在不同文化中，身势语的意义并不完全相同。
6、各民族有不同的非语言交际方式.例如：不同的民族在谈话时，对双方保持多大距离才合适有不同的看法；谈话双方身体接触的次数多少因文化不同而各异；在目光接触这一方面也有许多规定：看不看对方，什么时候看，看多久，什么人可以看，什么人不可以看；在某些场合下，在中国和讲英语的国家无论微笑还是大笑，通常表示友好赞同满意高兴愉快，但是在某些场合，中国人的笑会引起西方人的反感；打手势时动作稍有不同，就会与原来的意图有所区别，对某种手势理解错了，也会引起意外的反应等等。因此，要用外语进行有效的交际，在说某种语言时就得了解说话人的手势，动作，举止等所表示的意思。而有些权威人士认为两者相互依存。在大多数情况下这是对的。
7、在某些情况下，人体动作与所说的话不一致，口头说的与身势语表达的意思不一样。这时要借助其他信息或从整个情况中猜测说话人的意思，从某种意义上说，一切身势语都要放在一定的情景下去理解；忽视了整个情景就会发生误解。而通过中美身势语对比研究表明，两者有相似的地方，也有差异的地方，说明了解另一种语言中身势语的重要性。可见，真正掌握两种语言的人在? 挥昧硪恢钟镅运祷笆币惨 挥昧硪恢稚硎朴铩庋 拍艽锏礁 玫慕患市 ?/P关键词:非语言交际 身势语 不同文化 不同方式 Body Language on Nonverbal CommunicationAbstract“Body language”, like ou
8、r verbal language, is also a part of our culture. But not all body language means the same thing in different cultures. Different people have different waysof making nonverbal communication. For example: different people have different ideas about the proper distance between people conversing; the a
9、ppropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures; one could draw up quite a list of “rules” about eyecontact: to look or not to look; when to look and how long to look; who and who not tolook at; smiles and laughte r usually convey friendliness, approval, satisfaction, pleasure, joy
10、 and merriment, and, this is generally true in China as well as the English-speaking countries, however, there are situations when some Chinese will laugh that will cause negative reactions by westerners; gestures can be particularly troublesome, for a slight difference in making the gesture itself
11、can mean something quite differentfrom that intended, and, a wrong interpretation of a gesture can arouse quite unexpected reactions and so on. So in order to communicate effectively in a foreignlanguage, one shouldknow also the gestures, body movements, mannerisms and etc. that accompany aparticula
12、r language. Some authorities feel that the two are dependent on each other. This is certainly true in most situations. But it is also true that in certain situations body action contradicts what is being said, just as the spoken words may mean something quite different from what body language commun
13、icates. When this occurs, one must try to get further information, or guess the meaning from the context of the situation. In a sense, all body language should be interpreted ;within a given context; to ignore theoverall situation could be misleading. A comparative study of Chinese and American body
14、language shows a number of similarities and diversities of body language. It shows theimportance of knowing the specific gestures that go with a language. Observation showthat a truly bilingual person switches his body language at the same time he switches languages. This makes communication easier and better.Key words:nonverbal communication body language different culture different waysContents
