1、 没有爱,就没有教育 ! !小、初、高教师个性化一对一辅导 电话 0571-56170788萧然书院教学讲义教师姓名 李威 学生姓名 高三 6 上课时间 2012.8.9 检查签名教学目标 学生掌握虚拟语气重点、难点 虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反,或不可能发生的情况考点及考试要求知识要点解析虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反,或不可能发生的情况。一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:一般过去时(虚拟语气中 bewere)主句用:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If we had time now, we wo
2、uld read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:had+过去分词;主句:would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:一般过去时should +动
3、词原形were to+动词原形;主句:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为错综条件句 ,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去
4、,主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在,主句是过去)(2)省略 if 的虚拟语气如果从句中含有 were/ should/ had 时,则可以把这三个词置于句首,省略 if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over.没有爱,就没有教育 ! !小、初、高教师个性化一对一辅导 电话 0571-56170
5、788Had he recognized me, he would have come over.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以 if 引导的条件从句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语,连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but 等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help),we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity,there
6、would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwisehe would have attended the party.(4)在 if it were( had been )not for .句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于if it were/(had been) not for .句型中,意为要不是由于 。If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your time
7、ly help, I would have gone bankrupt.二虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在 it is+形容词(名词,过去分词)+that+主语+should+动词原形(should 可以省略)这种结构中。常见的这类形容词有:advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.常见的这类过去分词有:decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desire
8、d, required, ordered, suggested.常见的这类名词有:duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.It was suggested that he(should)join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
9、 wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为要是,但愿就好了) ,其形式主要有三种:表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish 后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish 后接过去完成时/should,could have done表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish 后接 would,could+动词原形I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home. 在表示建议,命令,要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有:su
10、ggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist(要求), order, prefer, command, ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.P.S. 当 suggest 表示暗示,说明之意;insist 表示坚持认为,坚持说之意时,从句不用虚拟,用正常的陈述语气。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.没有爱,就没有教育 ! !小、初、高教师个性化一对一辅
11、导 电话 0571-56170788The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议,命令,要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形。常见名词有:advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital enterta
12、ined.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.三虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在 as if/ as though 引导的状语从句中,若从句与事实相反,则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下:主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时(从句的动作与主句同时发生)主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形(从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生)主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时(从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前)He talks as if he knew all abou
13、t it.She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在 it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气,从句常用过去式,有时也用 should +动词原形,表示早该做而没做的事,含建议的意味。It is time that we went home.P.S.此句型中,注意与It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。This is the first time that
14、 I have been here.3.would rather 后接动词原形,但接从句时要用虚拟语气(宁愿,但愿) 。Would rather +主语+一般过去时(表示与现在或将来相反)Would rather +主语+过去完成时(表示与过去相反)Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done it.4. if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气,其形式与 wish 的用法一致。5. 动词 hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think 等词用过去完成的形式,表示的意思为本想,本打算,本认为He had meant
15、 to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.(他上周本打算去买那件家具,但却下雨了)练习1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had hadd3. You
16、 did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have gotb4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Willc5. I suggested the person _ to
17、 be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_没有爱,就没有教育 ! !小、初、高教师个性化一对一辅导 电话 0571-56170788A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with h
18、im A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. wa
19、s B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been f
20、or D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14.
21、 _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. are B. were C. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has co
22、me B. did come C. come D. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C.
23、 had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about it A. didnt tell B. dont tell C. hadnt tell D. wont tell21. Mikes
24、father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay22. It was requested that the play _againA. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent24. -Did you scol
25、d him for his carelessness-Yes, but _itA. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have done C. I should t do D. Id better not do没有爱,就没有教育 ! !小、初、高教师个性化一对一辅导 电话 0571-5617078825. If only I _my carA. hadnt lost B. wouldnt lose C. didnt lose D. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earth
26、A. is B. would C. were D. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. is B. were C. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once moreA. were B. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. hold B. held C. have held D. had held